A project on

AUTOMATIC PLANT WATERING SYSTEM

A Project Report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the

Second Year in
Electrical Engineering

By
Amit Chhotelal Rao
Sushant Lalbahadur Ram
Sahil ShivNath Singh
Anuj Rajesh Gond

Under the guidance of –

Prof. D. D. PATIL

University of Mumbai
Department of Electrical Engineering

A. C. Patil College of Engineering, Kharghar

Navi Mumbai- 410210
Accredited by NAAC
2023-2024

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 Institute’s Vision and Mission

Vision

• To create skilled professionals and engineers for catering the needs of industries and society.

Mission

• To provide qualified faculty and required infrastructure to impart quality education

inculcating continuous learning attitude

• To provide platform for the interaction between academia and industry.

• To inculcate social values and responsible attitude amongst students through co-curricular
and extracurricular activities.

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 Department’s Vision and Mission

Vision

• To develop professionals in the field of Electrical Engineering domain having social

values.

Mission

• To provide fundamental and applied knowledge through qualified faculty and

infrastructure.

• To improve technical skills by industry institute interaction.

• To provide platform for enhancing social values.

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 Jawahar Education Society’s
A. C. Patil College of Engineering, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai
Accredited by NAAC

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Mini-Project 1A/1B synopsis titled “AUTOMATIC PLANT
WATERING SYSTEM” is submitted in partial fulfillment of the Second year mini-
project work for the Bachelor’s degree in Electrical Engineering from University of Mumbai
in academic year 2023-24.

By
Class Roll No PRN No Name of Students
21 221011030 Amit Rao
20 221011033 Sushant Ram
28 221011028 Sahil Singh

30 221011036 Samyak shirke

Prof. D.D.PATIL
(Project Internal Guide)

Prof. S.R.Deore Dr. Vijaykumar N. Pawar

(H.O.D, Electrical Engg. Department) (Principal)

(Internal Examiner) (External Examiner)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We wish our deep sense of gratitude to our Guide Prof. D.D. PATIL for his
prevalent guidance and useful suggestion and never-ending moral support, which helped us for
working on this project.

We take the opportunity to thanks Prof. S. R. Deore Head of Electrical Department and Dr.
Vijaykumar Pawar, Director, ACPCE for having us to carry out this project work.

All that we have done is only due to such supervision and assistance and we would like to
thank our classmates for the encouragement and help without whom this project would not
have been possible.

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 ABSTRACT

"Smart Plant Watering System

This abstract provides an overview of an innovative Automatic Plant Watering

System based on the NodeMCU ESP8266, a versatile Internet of Things (IoT)
platform. The system addresses the need for efficient and automated plant care by
leveraging IoT technology. NodeMCU ESP8266 serves as the core component,
enabling wireless connectivity and remote control. The system incorporates various
sensors, including soil moisture sensors, to monitor the plant's environmental
conditions in real-time. Data is sent to a cloud-based server, and based on predefined
thresholds, the NodeMCU triggers water pumps or solenoid valves to dispense water
to the plants as needed. The system can be controlled and monitored remotely via a
smartphone application or a web interface, providing users with the ability to adjust
watering schedules and receive real-time alerts. This smart plant watering system
offers a cost-effective and sustainable solution for plant care while conserving water
resources and promoting healthy plant growth.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER NAME PAGE
NO NO

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE SURVEY 2

BLOCK DIAGRAM
3

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 3

COMPONENTS REQUIRED
CHAPTER 3
4-9
SPECIFICATIONS

CHAPTER OPERATION AND WORKING PRINCIPLE 10

4

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

11

CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 12

SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK 13

REFERENCES 14

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

The cultivation of plants, whether in a home garden or indoor setting, is

a pursuit admired for its beauty and environmental benefits. However,
the maintenance of plants, particularly when it comes to watering, can
be a demanding and time-consuming task. Often, plants do not receive
the adequate amount of water they require due to the busy lifestyles of
individuals, leading to stunted growth and plant deterioration. In
contrast, overwatering, while well-intentioned, can result in root rot and
the wastage of precious resources.

In response to these challenges, we introduce the "Automatic Plant

Watering System using NodeMCU , ARDUINO," a smart and
innovative solution designed to cater to the varying needs of plants
while reducing the burden on plant caregivers.

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 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

Step 1: Define Your Research Objectives

Before you start your literature survey, it's important to clarify your research
objectives and questions. What specific aspects of the project are you looking to
explore or address? This will help you narrow down your focus during the literature
review.

Step 2: Search for Relevant Literature

Use academic databases, journals, and search engines to find relevant literature.
Keywords you can use for your search may include "NodeMCU ESP8266,"
"automatic plant watering system," "IoT-based plant care," "soil moisture sensors,"
and related terms.

Step 3: Organize Your Findings

As you gather research papers and articles, organize them into a database or reference
management software (e.g., EndNote, Mendeley, Zotero) for efficient tracking and
citation.

Step 4: Review and Summarize

For each source you find, read and summarize the key points, findings,
methodologies, and conclusions. Note the publication date, authors, and any notable
references within the papers.
\
Step 5: Cite Sources Properly

By following these steps, you'll be able to conduct a thorough literature survey that
will inform and support your project on the Automatic Plant Watering System using
NodeMCU ESP8266. This process will help you situate your work within the existing
body of knowledge and demonstrate its relevance and contribution to the field.

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 Fig 2.1 Block diagram of
water irrigation

Fig 2.2 Circuit diagram of water irrigation

3
 CHAPTER 3
COMPONENTS REQUIRED

In this project we are using components like: -

1. Arduino uno

2. I2C Module with LCD screen

3. Soil moisture sensor

4. Relay Module

5. Water pump

6. Breadboard

7. Jumper Wire

8. Battery

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 SPECIFICATIONS
NodeMCU ESP8266
Based on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi transceiver module and the CH340 USB converter chip, this
compact (Open Source) development and prototyping board is ideal for IoT applications.
The Wi-Fi module is compatible with the 802.11 b/g/n standard at 2.4 GHz, has an integrated
TCP/IP stack, 19.5 dBm output power, data interface (UART / HSPI / I2C / I2S / Ir Remote
Control GPIO / PWM) and PCB antenna.
It also has a micro USB connector and reset button. Programmable with Arduino IDE, it includes
interpreters for processing commands for languages such as LUA.

Microcontroller: ESP8266EX, a 32-bit Tensilica L106 microcontroller with built-in Wi-Fi.

Operating Voltage: 3.3V (Note: It is not 5V tolerant; you must use level shifters if interfacing
with 5V components).

Clock Speed: 80 MHz (can be configured to run at different frequencies, including 160 MHz).

Flash Memory: Typically 4MB of SPI flash memory. Some variations might have different
memory sizes.

Wi-Fi Connectivity: Integrated 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi for wireless communication and internet
connectivity.

Fig 3.1 NodeMCU ESP8266

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 I2C MODULE WITH LCD SCREEN
I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) modules used in conjunction with LCD screens are typically small
circuit boards or adapters designed to simplify the connection and control of character-based
LCD displays. These modules are commonly used in various embedded systems and
microcontroller projects. Here are some typical specifications and features of I2C modules for
LCD screens:

I2C Interface:

I2C is a two-wire serial communication protocol that is used for connecting various devices,
and the I2C module serves as an interface between the microcontroller and the LCD screen.
Common I2C addresses: Many I2C LCD modules can be set to different I2C addresses using
solder jumpers or dip switches, allowing multiple devices on the same I2C bus.
I2C data (SDA) and clock (SCL) pins for connecting to the microcontroller.
Supply Voltage:

Typically designed to operate at 5V or 3.3V, depending on the specific module. Ensure

compatibility with your microcontroller's voltage level.
Compatibility:

Designed to work with a variety of character-based LCD screens, such as 16x2, 20x4, etc.
LCD Connection:

These modules often feature a 16-pin header or connector that can be plugged directly into the
LCD screen.
The module simplifies the connection between the LCD and the microcontroller by reducing the
number of wires needed.

Fig 3.2 I2C Module with LCD screen

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 SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR

A soil moisture sensor is an electronic device used to measure the moisture

content in soil. These sensors are commonly employed in agriculture,
horticulture, and environmental monitoring to determine soil conditions and
optimize irrigation processes. Here are some key features and aspects of soil
moisture sensors:

1. Measurement Principle:

Soil moisture sensors utilize various techniques to measure moisture

content. The two most common methods are:
Resistance-Based Sensors: These sensors measure the electrical resistance
between two conductive probes. The resistance changes with moisture
levels. Higher resistance corresponds to drier soil.
Capacitance-Based Sensors: These sensors measure the dielectric constant
of the soil, which varies with moisture content. As soil gets wetter, its
dielectric constant increases.
2. Sensing Depth:

The depth at which a soil moisture sensor can measure moisture varies.
Some sensors are designed for shallow measurements, while others can
penetrate deeper into the soil. The choice depends on the application and
the specific moisture range you need to monitor.

Fig 3.3 Soil Moisture Sensor

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 RELAY MODULE

A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet

to operate a switching mechanism mechanically, but other operating
principles are also used. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a
circuit by a low-power signal, or where several circuits must be controlled
by one signal. Relays were

used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform

logical operations.
A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control
an electric motor or other loads is called a contactor . Solid-state relays
control power circuits with no moving parts, instead using a semiconductor
device to perform switching. Relays with calibrated operating
characteristics and sometimes multiple operating coils are used to protect
electrical circuits from overload or faults; in modern electric power systems
these functions are performed by digital instruments still called "protective
relays".

Fig 3.4 Relay Module

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 CHAPTER 4
Operation And Working Principl

Operation:-
The sensor measures the capacitance between the electrodes, and this capacitance is
converted into a moisture reading.
Capacitance-based sensors often provide digital output or analog output and may be
calibrated to provide accurate moisture content readings.
Some sensors use frequency-domain measurements, while others use time-domain
measurements to determine soil moisture.
Working Principle :-

Resistance-based soil moisture sensors operate on the principle that the

electrical resistance of soil changes with its moisture content.
These sensors typically consist of two or more conductive probes that are
inserted into the soil. The electrical resistance between these probes is
measured.
As soil moisture increases, the electrical conductivity also increases,
leading to a decrease in resistance between the probes.
Conversely, as the soil dries out, the resistance between the probes
increases.
Calibration:
Calibration is essential for soil moisture sensors to provide accurate
readings. Calibration involves relating the sensor's output to actual moisture
content values for the specific soil type and conditions in your application.
Applications:
Soil moisture sensors are widely used in agriculture, horticulture, and
environmental monitoring for optimizing irrigation, managing water
resources, and assessing soil health.
They can be integrated into automated irrigation systems to ensure that
plants receive the right amount of water, conserving resources and
promoting plant growth.
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 ADVANTAGES & DISADVATAGES

ADVANTAGES

• Efficient Water Usage: The system waters plants based on actual soil moisture
levels, ensuring that plants receive the right amount of water. This efficient
water usage is environmentally friendly and conserves resources.

• Convenience: Automation reduces the need for manual plant watering,

making it convenient for individuals who may be away from home or have
busy schedules.

• Remote Monitoring and Control: Users can monitor and control the system
remotely via a smartphone app or a web interface, providing flexibility and
convenience.

• Customizable Watering Schedules: Users can set specific watering schedules,

ensuring that the system waters plants at the most suitable times.

• Real-Time Alerts: The system can send real-time alerts and notifications to
users' smartphones, informing them of critical conditions such as low soil
moisture levels or system malfunctions

DISADVATAGES

• Cost: Implementing the system may involve purchasing the required

components, which can include sensors, microcontrollers, and water
dispensing equipment. Initial setup costs can be a disadvantage for some
users.
• Complexity: Setting up and configuring the system may require technical
skills and knowledge of IoT and microcontroller programming. This could be a
barrier for users without experience in these areas.
• Maintenance: The system requires regular maintenance to ensure the
sensors are accurate and the components are functioning correctly.

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 Chapter 5

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Summary:

The "Automatic Plant Watering System Using NodeMCU ESP8266" is an innovative

IoT-based solution designed to automate plant care and optimize water usage. The
system incorporates soil moisture sensors to continuously monitor the moisture
content of the soil. When the soil moisture falls below predefined thresholds, the
NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller triggers water dispensing components to supply
water to the plants. The system is equipped with remote monitoring and control
capabilities through a smartphone app or web interface, allowing users to adjust
watering schedules and receive real-time alerts. This project aims to promote efficient
plant growth and water conservation while reducing the manual effort required for
plant maintenance.

Conclusion:

The "Automatic Plant Watering System Using NodeMCU ESP8266" is a valuable

application of IoT technology in the field of agriculture and horticulture. It offers
several benefits, including efficient water usage, convenience, and the promotion of
healthy plant growth. By automating the watering process and enabling remote
monitoring and control, the system provides a user-friendly and sustainable solution
for plant care.

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 SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK

FUTURE SCOPE

Precision Agriculture: The project can be further integrated into precision

agriculture practices, enabling farmers to optimize irrigation based on
specific crop needs, soil conditions, and weather forecasts. This can lead to
increased crop yields and resource efficiency.

IoT-Based Ecosystem: The system can be expanded to create a holistic IoT-

based ecosystem for plant management. This could include additional
sensors for monitoring temperature, humidity, and light levels to provide
comprehensive plant health data.

Scalability: Scaling the system to accommodate larger agricultural or

greenhouse operations is a significant future scope. Commercial and large-
scale agriculture could benefit from such automation to improve
productivity and resource management.

Data Analytics: Implementing data analytics and machine learning

algorithms can enhance decision-making. By analyzing historical data, the
system can provide predictive insights on watering needs, disease
prevention, and growth patterns.

Integration with Weather Data: Integrating real-time weather data can help
the system adjust watering schedules and amounts based on changing
weather conditions, reducing water wastage during rainy period.

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 REFERENCES

Book Site References

• https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/nr/sustainability_pathways/docs/Com

pilation_techniques_organic_agriculture_rev.pdf

• https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/sustainable-agriculture/49040929.pdf

• https://mrcet.com/downloads/digital_notes/EEE/AE%20DIGITAL%20NOTES

.pdf

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