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The document outlines exercises for an Advanced Calculus course, focusing on topics such as the triple product in 3D space, properties of norms, and the triangle inequality. It includes specific problems related to vector calculations and the definition of different norms in Euclidean spaces. Additionally, it requires students to demonstrate understanding through drawings and explanations of open subsets in the Euclidean plane.

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Danyal Valika
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3 views

lecture3 notes

The document outlines exercises for an Advanced Calculus course, focusing on topics such as the triple product in 3D space, properties of norms, and the triangle inequality. It includes specific problems related to vector calculations and the definition of different norms in Euclidean spaces. Additionally, it requires students to demonstrate understanding through drawings and explanations of open subsets in the Euclidean plane.

Uploaded by

Danyal Valika
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Winter 2025 - Advanced Calculus MATH 314

Exercise 1.
Assume that, in 3D Euclidean space, (⃗u,⃗v, w
⃗ ) is negatively oriented and that the vol-
ume of the parallelepiped they support is 25, determine the triple product [⃗u,⃗v, w
⃗ ].
Exercise 2.
Consider 3 vectors (⃗u,⃗v, w ⃗ ) in 3D Euclidean space. Suppose that:
• [⃗u,⃗v, w
⃗ ] = −6
• ||⃗u|| = 2, ||⃗v|| = 6, ||⃗
w|| = 1
• The angle θ between ⃗u and ⃗v is π3 .
Find the angle φ ∈ [0, π] between w ⃗ and the normal to the plane spanned by (⃗u,⃗v).
Exercise 3.
It is standard to equip Rn with the Euclidean norm:
! 12
X
n
||(x1 , . . . , xn )||2 = x2i .
i=1
This is not the only possible choice, we could choose to define:
||(x1 , . . . , xn )||∞ = max |xi |.
i∈{1,...,n}

(1) Show that || · ||∞ is a norm.


(2) Draw B(0, 1) (the open ball of radius 1 centred at 0), when n = 2
(3) Write x = (x1 , . . . , xn ), show that:
√
||x||∞ ⩽ ||x||2 ⩽ n||x||∞
X
n
(4) Define: ||x||1 = |xi |. Show that || · ||1 is satisfies the conditions to be a norm
i=1
and draw B(0, 1) when n = 2.
Exercise 4.
When trying to determine if something is a norm, the triangle inequality is usually
the hardest part. In this (optional) exercise, you can see how its done in two cases.
(1) Let x, y ∈ R be real numbers. Calculate (x + y)2 using that x2 = |x|2 and
y2 = |y|2 , show the triangle inequality:
|x + y| ⩽ |x| + |y|.
Hint: Can you compare 2xy and 2|x||y|?
(2) Let E be a Euclidean space, recall that ||⃗u||2 = ⃗u · ⃗u. It is possible (but not
the object of this exercise) to show that we always have the so-called Cauchy-
Schwartz inequality:
|⃗u · ⃗v| ⩽ ||⃗u||||⃗v||.
Using this, check that the Euclidean norm really does satisfy the triangle in-
equality.
1
Winter 2025 - Advanced Calculus MATH 314

Exercise 5.
(Exercises 1 - 4 from Marsden and Tromba p 125)
Show that each of the following subsets of the Euclidean plane are open.
Do a drawing for each one and explain in your own words how to find a ball small
enough.
(1) A = {(x, y) | − 1 < x < 1, −1 < y < 1}
(2) B = {(x, y)| y > 0}
(3) C = {(x, y)| 2 < x2 + y2 < 4}
(4) D = {(x, y)|x ̸= 0 and y ̸= 0}

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