Scribd
Upload
3 views

lecture4 notes

The document outlines exercises for an Advanced Calculus course (MATH 314) focusing on boundary points of sets, properties of norms in vector spaces, continuity of linear maps, and uniqueness of limits in normed spaces. Each exercise requires justification through definitions and theorems, including the triangle inequality and limit definitions. The exercises cover various mathematical concepts and their applications in proving continuity and limit properties.

Uploaded by

Danyal Valika
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

lecture4 notes

The document outlines exercises for an Advanced Calculus course (MATH 314) focusing on boundary points of sets, properties of norms in vector spaces, continuity of linear maps, and uniqueness of limits in normed spaces. Each exercise requires justification through definitions and theorems, including the triangle inequality and limit definitions. The exercises cover various mathematical concepts and their applications in proving continuity and limit properties.

Uploaded by

Danyal Valika
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Winter 2025 - Advanced Calculus MATH 314

Exercise 1.
What are the boundary points of the following sets? Justify your answer with a drawing
(and formally if possible):
• [a, b).
• Rn \ {0},
• {(x, y) ∈ R2 , x > y > 0}
• {(x, y) ∈ R2 , x ⩾ y > 0}
• {(x, y) ∈ R2 , x2 + y2 = 1}
Exercise 2.
Let || · ||1 and || · ||2 be two arbitrary norms on a vector space V, assume that there are
constants c > 0, C > 0 such that for any x ∈ V:
c||x||1 ⩽ ||x||2 ⩽ C||x||1 .
(1) Using the definition of the limit, show that if
lim f(x) = l
x→x0

is true using || · ||1 then it is also true using || · ||2 and vice versa.
(2) Let V = W and || · ||V = || · ||1 but || · ||W = || · ||2 (so we consider the same vector
space but with two different norms satisfying the above), show that the identity
map:
x 7→ x
is continuous.
Exercise 3.
Let V be a finite dimensional vector space, dim V = n and consider a basis (e1 , . . . , en ).
We define a norm on V by:

X
n X
n
vi ei = |vi |
i=1 V i=1
and let (W, || · ||W ) be an arbitrary normed vector space.
Consider a linear map, f : V → W.
P
(1) Using the triangle inequality that if v = n i=1 vi ei , explain why:
 
||f(v)||W ⩽ max ||f(ei )||W ||v||V .
i∈{1,...,n}

(2) Using this, and the definition of continuity, show that f is continuous.
(3) Using this above, justify that the trace A 7→ tr(A) is continuous.
Exercise 4.
Recall that one of the hypotheses of the norm || · || on a normed vector space V was:
||x|| = 0 ⇒ x = 0.
Using the definition of the limit explain why this guarantees that the limit is unique.
1
Winter 2025 - Advanced Calculus MATH 314

Hint: If: ∀ϵ > 0, |a| < ε then a = 0.


Assume that there are two different limits l and l ′ . Use the triangle inequality to try
to show that ||l − l ′ || < ε by estimating ||l − l ′ || in terms of ||l − f(x)|| and ||f(x) − l||, for
some well chosen x ∈ V.
Exercise 5.
Using the definition of limx→x0 f(x) = l show that l is adherent to f(A) = {f(x), x ∈ A}.
Hint: Write down the definitions !!!

You might also like