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LabReport 01

The document outlines a lab focused on Amplitude Modulation (AM) using Simulink, detailing objectives such as understanding AM theory and building communication models. It covers the construction of a Double Sideband Amplitude Modulation (DSBAM) modulator and demodulator, emphasizing the importance of carrier and message signals in the modulation process. The lab also investigates the frequency domain characteristics of DSBAM, highlighting the relationship between carrier frequency and bandwidth of the modulated signal.

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Muhammad Ali Haider
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1 views10 pages

LabReport 01

The document outlines a lab focused on Amplitude Modulation (AM) using Simulink, detailing objectives such as understanding AM theory and building communication models. It covers the construction of a Double Sideband Amplitude Modulation (DSBAM) modulator and demodulator, emphasizing the importance of carrier and message signals in the modulation process. The lab also investigates the frequency domain characteristics of DSBAM, highlighting the relationship between carrier frequency and bandwidth of the modulated signal.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Ali Haider
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab # 01

Topic:

Amplitude modulation in Simulink

Objectives:

 To understand the theoretical background of Amplitude Modulation


 To know how to build a communication model on Simulink
 To design the Simulink module of the DSBAM and analyse signal in timetable and
frequency domains

Introduction:

Amplitude Modulation (AM) is a method of transmitting information using a high-frequency carrier


signal by varying its amplitude in proportion to the message signal. The message signal could be an
audio signal such as speech or music, or it could be a digital signal representing data.

In AM, the amplitude of the carrier signal is varied according to the amplitude of the message signal.
The carrier signal is usually a high-frequency sine wave, while the message signal is a lower-frequency
signal that carries the information to be transmitted. The resulting modulated signal consists of the
carrier signal with the message signal imposed on it.

The modulated signal is transmitted through a medium such as air or a wire, and then it can be
demodulated at the receiving end to recover the original message signal. Demodulation is the process
of extracting the original message signal from the modulated signal.

In this Lab, we had learnt about how to construct the modulating signal for Amplitude modeling in
Analog Communication using discrete components. In Amplitude Modulation, we are modulating the
message signal of low frequency. So, for this we are using another signal called carrier signal of high
frequency. Multiply the both signal and check the output signal called modulated signal using the
Oscilloscope.

Part1: Build DSBAM modulator in Simulink

Circuit Diagram:

Output:
The technique used in the above modulating circuit is DSBAM which stands for Double Sideband
Amplitude Modulation. It consists of a message signal source, a carrier signal source, and a modulator
circuit that combines the two signals to produce the modulated signal. The modulator circuit consists
of a multiplier, which multiplies the carrier signal by the message signal to produce the modulated
signal. In DSBAM, the carrier signal is not suppressed, and both the upper and lower sidebands of the
modulated signal are transmitted resulting in a modulated signal that occupies twice the bandwidth
of the original message signal. Drawbacks of using this technique is it has low bandwidth efficiency,
susceptibility to noise and distortion, and the need for accurate frequency alignment of the receiver
local oscillator with the transmitter carrier frequency. To overcome the drawbacks of DSBAM, other
modulation techniques such as SSB and VSB have been developed that offer improved performance in
terms of bandwidth efficiency and noise immunity.

In the above circuit modulating signal is multiplied with a gain of 0.8 then given an offset of 1 which is
then multiplied with a carrier signal to produce modulating signal. DC offset is provided to the
message signal before multiplication with the carrier signal so that it can be recovered when
demodulated.
DSBAM modulator is implemented using ideal components, and there is no noise or distortion
present. In a real-world application, the modulated signal would be subject to noise and distortion,
which could affect its quality and require additional signal processing techniques to improve its
performance.

Part2: Build AM modulator & Demodulator in Simulink

Circuit Diagram:

Output:
It is the same circuit used in part 1. The output of modulating signal with no offset, with offset and
modulated signal is shown in the above figure. If a DC component is added to the message signal 𝑥(𝑡)
before multiplication with a carrier, then the modulation scheme is known as amplitude modulation
(AM). The purpose of the DC component is to permit the modulated carrier to be demodulated at the
receiver by a means other than synchronous detection. The modulating index 𝜇 should be close to 1.
If 𝜇 is significantly greater than 1, then distortion occurs in envelope detection at the receiver. If 𝜇 is
significantly less than 1, then the system is inefficient because an unnecessarily large fraction of the
transmitted power is devoted to the residual carrier, which contains no information about the
message. It is the sidebands that contain the information about the message; the residual carrier is
only present to make distortion free envelope detection possible at the receiver.
We have used a tuneable LPF in the demodulator. We can increase the gain of the tuneable LPF in
order to get a nice, strong signal out of the detector. Demodulation process is successful if we
reproduce original shape of message signal at the output. Here, amplitude is not important as
demodulator’s output can be rescaled with an amplifier.

Part3: Investigate the frequency domain of DSBAM

Circuit Diagram:
Output:

Carrier Frequency = 200Hz and Sine Wave Frequency = 10Hz

Carrier Frequency = 200Hz and Sine Wave Frequency = 30Hz


Carrier Frequency = 200Hz and Sine Wave Frequency = 50Hz

Carrier Frequency = 200Hz and Sine Wave Frequency = 70Hz


Carrier Frequency = 100Hz and Sine Wave Frequency = 50Hz

Carrier Frequency = 300Hz and Sine Wave Frequency = 50Hz


Carrier Frequency = 400Hz and Sine Wave Frequency = 50Hz

Conclusion:

We can analyse from the above outputs that by changing the carrier frequency, the signal output has
changed as well. As the carrier frequency has increased the bandwidth of the modulated signal is also
increased hence bandwidth of the modulated signal has the direct relation with the carrier frequency.
However, by keeping carrier frequency constant and changing message signal frequency, it is obvious
from the graphs that there is no change in bandwidth of the modulated signal but it changes the
spectral content of the message signal.

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