TUTORIAL 3 (CHAPTER4)

Definition
Define:

1. Newton’s first law : An object moves with a velocity that is constant in magnitude and
direction unless a non-zero net force acts on it.
2. Net force : the vector sum of all external forces exerted on the object.
3. Newton’s second law: the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net
force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.
4. Newton’s third law : If object 1 and object 2 interact, the force 𝐹⃗12 exerted by object 1
on object 2 is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the force 𝐹⃗21 exerted by
object 2 on object 1.
5. “objects in equilibrium”: objects that are either at rest or moving with constant
velocity are said to be in equilibrium.

Conceptual questions
1. Briefly describe an application of friction that happens daily between two surfaces in
contact.
When a person decide to walk, the force that accelerates the person is the force of
friction between the shoes and the ground.(in any example mention both objects of
contact)

2. Draw a free-body diagram for each of the following situations: (a) a projectile in
motion in the presence of air resistance, (b) a rocket leaving the launch pad with its
engine operating, (c ) an athlete running along a horizontal track.

3. When you stand still on the ground, how large a force does the ground exert on you?
Why doesn’t this force make you rise up into the air?
If you are at rest, the net force on you is zero. Hence the ground exerts a force on you
exactly equal to your weight. The two forces acting on you sum to zero, and so you don’t
accelerate. If you squat down and then push with a larger force against the ground, the
ground then pushes back on you with a larger force by Newton’s third law, and you can then
rise into the air.

Problems &solutions

1. A 6.0-kg object undergoes an acceleration of 2.0 m/s2.

(a) What is the magnitude of the resultant force acting on it?

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 (b) If this same force is applied to a 4.0-kg object, what acceleration is produced?

2. Consider a solid metal sphere (S) a few centimetres in diameter and a feather (F).
For each quantity in the list that follows, indicate whether the quantity is the same,
greater, or lesser in the case of S or in that of F. Explain in each case why you gave
the answer you did. Here is the list:
(a) the gravitational force,
The sphere has a larger mass than the feather. Hence, the sphere experiences a
larger gravitational force than does the feather.

(b) the time it will take to fall a given distance in air,

The time of fall is less for the sphere than for the feather. This is because air
resistance affects the motion of the feather more than that of the sphere.

(c) the time it will take to fall a given distance in vacuum,

In a vacuum, the time of fall is the same for the sphere and the feather. In the
absence of air resistance, both objects have the free-fall acceleration g.

(d) the total force on the object when falling in vacuum.

In a vacuum, the total force on the sphere is greater than that on the feather. In the
absence of air resistance, the total force is just the gravitational force, and the
sphere weighs more than the feather.

3. A boat moves through the water with two forces acting on it. One is a 2 000-N
forward push by the water on the propeller, and the other is a 1 800-N resistive force
due to the water around the bow.
(a) What is the acceleration of the 1 000-kg boat?
From the second law, the acceleration of the boat is

(b) If it starts from rest, how far will the boat move in 10.0 s?
The distance moved is

(c) What will its velocity be at the end of that time?

The final velocity is

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2 REFERENCE : SERWAY VUILLE,COLLEGE PHYSICS,11TH EDITION
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4. Two forces are applied to a car in an effort to move it, as shown in Figure P4.12.
(a) What is the resultant of these two forces?
Choose the positive y-axis in the forward direction. We resolve the forces into their
components as

The magnitude and direction of the resultant force is

to right of y-axis

Thus,
@ 81.2o in first quadrant.

(b) If the car has a mass of 3 000 kg, what acceleration does it have? Ignore friction.
The acceleration is in the same direction as and has magnitude

5. A 1 000-N crate is being pushed across a level floor at a constant speed by a force F
of 300 N at an angle of 20.0° below the horizontal, as shown in Figure P4.41a.

(a) What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate and the floor?
Since the crate has constant velocity,
Applying Newton’s second law:

or and

or

The coefficient of friction is then

(b) If the 300-N force is instead pulling the block at an angle of 20.0° above the
horizontal, as shown in Figure P4.41b, what will be the acceleration of the crate?
Assume that the coefficient of friction is the same as that found in part (a).
In this case, so

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 The friction force now becomes

Therefore, and the acceleration is

6. A block of mass m = 5.8 kg is pulled up a Ɵ = 25° incline as in Figure P4.30 with a

force of magnitude F = 32 N.
(a) Find the acceleration of the block if the incline is frictionless.

The figure at the right shows the forces acting on the block. The incline is tilted at θ =
250, the mass of the block is m = 5.8 kg, while the applied force pulling the block up
the incline is F = 32 N. Since for this block,
and the normal force is

(a) Since the incline is considered frictionless for this part, we take the friction force to
be and find

or

Giving
(b) Find the acceleration of the block if the coefficient of kinetic friction between the
block and incline is 0.10.
If the coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the incline is µ k , then the
friction force is
, and

Thus,

And

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7. (a) Find the tension in each cable supporting the 600-N cat burglar in Figure P4.17.
(b) Suppose the horizontal cable were reattached higher up on the wall. Would the
tension in the other cable increase, decrease, or stay the same? Why?

(a) Since the burglar is held in equilibrium, the tension in the vertical cable equals the
burglar’s weight of 600 N

Now, consider the junction in the three cables:

giving

Or
Also which yields

Or

8. A 150-N bird feeder is supported by three cables as shown in Figure P4.19. Find the
tension in each cable.

From , or

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 The tension in the vertical cable is the full weight of the feeder, or
Then becomes

which gives

Finally, Equation [1] above gives

9. The leg and cast in Figure P4.20 weigh 220 N (ω1). Determine the weight ω2 and the
angle α needed so that no force is exerted on the hip joint by the leg plus the cast.

If the hip exerts no force on the leg, the system must be in equilibrium with the three forces
shown in the free-body diagram.

Thus becomes

From , we find
Dividing Equation [2] by Equation [1] yields

Then, from either Equation [1] or [2],

10. An object with mass m1 = 5.00 kg rests on a frictionless horizontal table and is
connected to a cable that passes over a pulley and is then fastened to a hanging
object with mass m2 = 10.0 kg, as shown in Figure P4.36. Find

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 (a) the acceleration of each object and
(b) the tension in the cable.

Note that if the cord connecting the two blocks has a fixed length, the accelerations of
the blocks must have equal magnitudes, even though they differ in directions. Also,
observe from the diagrams, we choose the positive direction for each block to be in its
direction of motion.
First consider the block moving along the horizontal. The only force in the direction of
movement is T. Thus,

Next consider the block which moves vertically. The forces on it are the tension T and
its weight, 98.0 N.

Equations [1] and [2] can be solved simultaneously to give

(a) or

(b) Then, Equation [1] yields

11. Two objects with masses of 3.00 kg and 5.00 kg are connected by a light string that
passes over a frictionless pulley, as in Figure P4.38. Determine

(a) the tension in the string,

(b) the acceleration of each object, and
(c) the distance each object will move in the first second of motion if both objects
start from rest.

First, consider the 3.00-kg rising mass. The forces on it are the tension, T, and its
weight, 29.4 N. With the upward direction as positive, the second law becomes

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 The forces on the falling 5.00-kg mass are its weight and T, and its acceleration has
the same magnitude as that of the rising mass. Choosing the positive direction down
for this mass, gives

(a) Solving Equation [2] for a and substituting into [1] gives

or

and the tension is

(b) Equation [2] then gives the acceleration as

(c) Consider the 3.00-kg mass. We have

PHY094 SESSION I 2020/2021

8 REFERENCE : SERWAY VUILLE,COLLEGE PHYSICS,11TH EDITION
Prepared by Noor Arda Adrina Daud, Nor Faridah Hanim Mat Junit,Hasnorhafiza Husni