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Light Formula Sheet

The document covers the laws of reflection and refraction, detailing image formation by concave and convex mirrors and lenses for various object positions. It includes important formulas such as the mirror and lens formulas, magnification, and the refractive index. Additionally, it explains Snell's law of refraction and the conditions under which no refraction occurs.

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gurnoor1709
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412 views3 pages

Light Formula Sheet

The document covers the laws of reflection and refraction, detailing image formation by concave and convex mirrors and lenses for various object positions. It includes important formulas such as the mirror and lens formulas, magnification, and the refractive index. Additionally, it explains Snell's law of refraction and the conditions under which no refraction occurs.

Uploaded by

gurnoor1709
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Class

LIGHT – REFLECTION AND REFRACTION

Laws of Reflection:
(i) Angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. (Ð i = Ð r)
(ii) The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal at the point of incidence, all lie
in the same plane.

SPHERICAL MIRRORS
IMAGE FORMATION BY A CONCAVE MIRROR FOR DIFFERENT POSITIONS OF
THE OBJECT
Position of the Position of the Size of the image Nature of the
object image image
At infinity At the focus F Highly diminished, Real and inverted
point sized
Beyond the centre Between F and C Diminished Real and inverted
of curvature C
At C At C Same size Real and inverted
Between C and F Beyond C Enlarged Real and inverted
At F At infinity Infinitely large or Real and inverted
highly enlarged
Between the pole P Behind the mirror Enlarged Virtual and erect
of the mirror and
focus F

IMAGE FORMATION BY A CONVEX MIRROR


Position of the object Position of the image Size of the image Nature of the image
At infinity At the focus F, behind Highly diminished Virtual and erect
the mirror point-sized
Between infinity and the Between P and F, behind Diminished Virtual and erect
pole P of the mirror the mirror
The corresponding ray diagrams are included in annexure 4
1 1 1
Mirror Formula : = + is called the mirror formula.
f v u
Magnification: The ratio of the size of the image to that of the object is called
magnification. For a mirror, magnification (m) is given by.
-v
m=
u

1 1 1
Lens formula: = -
f v u
v
Magnification: m =
u

1
2
Class

IMAGE FORMATION BY A CONCAVE LENS


Position of the Position of the Size of the Nature of the
object image image image
At infinity At focus F1 point- Highly diminished Virtual and erect
sized
Between infinity and Between focus F1 and Diminished Virtual and erect
optical centre O of the optical centre
lenses

IMAGE FORMED BY A CONVEX LENS FOR DIFFERENT POSITIONS OF THE OBJECT


Position of the Position of the Size of the image Nature of the
object image image
At infinity At focus F2 Highly diminished, Real and inverted
point-sized
Beyond 2F1 Between F2 and 2F2 Diminished Real and inverted
At 2F1 At 2F1 Same size Real and inverted
Between F1 and 2F1 Beyond 2F2 Enlarged Real and inverted
At focus F1 At infinity Infinitely large or Real and inverted
highly enlarged
Between focus F1 On the same side of Enlarged Virtual and erect
and optical centre O the lens as the object

IMPORTANT FORMULAE

1 1 1
Mirror formula = +
f v u
where, f = focal length of mirror, u = Distance of the object, v = Distance of the image
from pole.
1 1 1
Lens formula = -
f v u
where, f = focal length of the lens, v = Distance of the image, u = Distance of the object
from optical centre.
Power of lens
1 100
P= =
Focal length (in meters) Focal length (in cm)
1 100
P= =
f (m ) f (cm )
size of the image
Magnification by a lens =
size of the object
h
m= i
ho
Distance of the image from the optical centre v
Magnification by a lens = or m =
Distance of the object from the optical centre u

REFRACTIVE INDEX

2
3
Class

• Absolute refractive index (n) of a medium is the ratio of speed of light in vacuum or air
(c) to the speed of light in the medium (v) i.e.
c
n=
v
• Refraction of light is the phenomenon of change in the path of light in going from one
medium to another.
• In going from a rarer to a denser medium, the ray of light bends towards normal and
in going from a denser to a rarer medium, the ray of light bends away from normal.

sin i n2 1
• Snell’s law of refraction: = = n2
sin r n1

• No refraction occurs, when


(i) light is incident normally on a boundary,
(ii) refractive indices of the two media in contact are equal.
speed of light in medium 1 refractive index of medium 2
• Refractive index = n21 = =
speed of light in medium 2 refractive index of medium 1
h 21
• h 23 =
h 31

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