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BEE Micro Project

The document outlines a micro project aimed at creating a demonstration model of a small transformer, explaining the primary and secondary winding connections. It covers single-phase voltage, transformer construction, and the concept of turns ratio, detailing step-up, step-down, and impedance transformers. Examples illustrate how to calculate turns ratio and resulting secondary voltage based on primary voltage and winding turns.

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czeon7798
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20 views8 pages

BEE Micro Project

The document outlines a micro project aimed at creating a demonstration model of a small transformer, explaining the primary and secondary winding connections. It covers single-phase voltage, transformer construction, and the concept of turns ratio, detailing step-up, step-down, and impedance transformers. Examples illustrate how to calculate turns ratio and resulting secondary voltage based on primary voltage and winding turns.

Uploaded by

czeon7798
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Micro project:

Demonstration Model of a Small


Transformer Showing Input and
Output Windings
Aim: To create a working model of a small transformer and clearly
demonstrate the primary (input) and secondary (output) winding
connections.
What is Single Phase Voltage?
Single-phase voltage is the most common form of AC (Alternating Current)
electricity used in homes, offices, and small appliances. In a single-phase system:
• Voltage alternates between positive and negative.
• It uses two wires:
1Phase (Live/Hot)
2Neutral
• The standard single-phase voltage in India is 230V at 50Hz.
Transformer Construction (single-
phase)
Where:
VP – is the Primary Voltage
VS – is the Secondary Voltage
NP – is the Number of Primary Windings
NS – is the Number of Secondary Windings
Φ (phi) – is the Flux Linking the Windings

When a transformer is used to “increase” the voltage on its


secondary winding with respect to the primary, it is called
a Step-up transformer. When it is used to “decrease” the
voltage on the secondary winding with respect to the primary it
is called a Step-down transformer.
However, a third condition exists in which a transformer
produces the same voltage on its secondary as is applied to its
primary winding. In other words, its output is identical with
respect to voltage, current and power transferred. This type of
transformer is called an “Impedance Transformer” and is
mainly used for impedance matching or the isolation of
adjoining electrical circuits.
The difference in voltage between the primary and the
secondary windings is achieved by changing the number of coil
turns in the primary winding ( NP ) compared to the number of
coil turns on the secondary winding ( NS ).
A Transformers Turns
Ratio
Assuming an ideal transformer and the phase
angles: ΦP ≡ ΦS
Note: the order of the numbers when
expressing a transformers turns ratio value is
very important as the turns
ratio 3:1 expresses a very different
transformer relationship and output voltage
than one in which the turns ratio is given
as: 1:3.
Transformer
Basics Example
No1
A voltage transformer has 1500 turns of wire
on its primary coil and 500 turns of wire for
its secondary coil. What will be the turns
ratio (TR) of the transformer.

This ratio of 3:1 (3-to-1) simply means that


there are three primary windings for every
one secondary winding. As the ratio moves
from a larger number on the left to a smaller
number on the right, the primary voltage is
therefore stepped down in value as shown.
Transformer Basics
Example No2
If 240 volts rms is applied to the primary
winding of the same transformer above,
what will be the resulting secondary no load
voltage.
Again confirming that the transformer is a “step-down” transformer as the primary
voltage is 240 volts and the corresponding secondary voltage is lower at 80 volts.
Then the main purpose of a transformer is to transform voltages at preset ratios
and we can see that the primary winding has a set amount or number of windings
(coils of wire) on it to suit the input voltage.
If the secondary output voltage is to be the same value as the input voltage on the
primary winding, then the same number of coil turns must be wound onto the
secondary core as there are on the primary core giving an even turns ratio of 1:1 (1-
to-1). In other words, one coil turn on the secondary to one coil turn on the
primary.
If the output secondary voltage is to be greater or higher than the input voltage,
(step-up transformer) then there must be more turns on the secondary giving a
turns ratio of 1:N (1-to-N), where N represents the turns ratio number. Likewise, if
it is required that the secondary voltage is to be lower or less than the primary,
(step-down transformer) then the number of secondary windings must be less
giving a turns ratio of N:1 (N-to-1).

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