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C Programming Complete Notes

The document provides comprehensive notes on C programming, covering its history, structure, syntax, data types, operators, control statements, loops, functions, arrays, strings, pointers, structures, file handling, dynamic memory allocation, preprocessor directives, and advanced concepts. C was developed in the early 1970s by Dennis Ritchie for system programming, particularly for Unix OS. Key features include the use of functions, pointers for memory management, and various data types.

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8 views2 pages

C Programming Complete Notes

The document provides comprehensive notes on C programming, covering its history, structure, syntax, data types, operators, control statements, loops, functions, arrays, strings, pointers, structures, file handling, dynamic memory allocation, preprocessor directives, and advanced concepts. C was developed in the early 1970s by Dennis Ritchie for system programming, particularly for Unix OS. Key features include the use of functions, pointers for memory management, and various data types.

Uploaded by

naieemq111
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Comprehensive C Programming Notes

1. History of C Language

C was developed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs in the early 1970s. It was designed to be a system

programming language for writing operating systems. It is the successor of the B programming language and

was developed for the Unix OS.

2. Structure of a C Program

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

printf("Hello, World!\n");

return 0;

3. Basic Syntax

C programs are written using functions. The main function is the entry point. Each statement ends with a

semicolon. Curly braces define blocks of code.

4. Data Types and Variables

C supports various data types including int, float, char, and double. Variables must be declared before use.

5. Operators

Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Bitwise, Assignment, and Miscellaneous operators are supported.

6. Control Statements

Includes if, if-else, nested if, switch, and conditional operators.

7. Loops

for, while, and do-while loops are used for iteration.


Comprehensive C Programming Notes

8. Functions

Functions are blocks of code that perform a specific task. C supports user-defined and library functions.

9. Arrays

Arrays are collections of similar data types. They can be one-dimensional or multi-dimensional.

10. Strings

Strings are arrays of characters ending with a null character '\0'.

11. Pointers

Pointers store the memory addresses of variables. They are powerful tools for memory management.

12. Structures and Unions

Structures group different data types. Unions use shared memory for all members.

13. File Handling

C provides functions to read and write data to files: fopen, fclose, fread, fwrite, fprintf, fscanf.

14. Dynamic Memory Allocation

malloc, calloc, realloc, and free are used for allocating memory at runtime.

15. Preprocessor Directives

#define, #include, #ifdef, and other macros are processed before compilation.

16. Advanced Concepts

C supports low-level memory manipulation, pointers to functions, and interaction with hardware.

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