ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths

Chapter 11: Section Formula

1. Find the co-ordinates of the mid-point of the line segments joining the following pairs of points:
(i) (2, – 3), ( – 6, 7)
(ii) (5, – 11), (4, 3)
(iii) (a + 3, 5b), (2a – 1, 3b + 4)

Solution:
Co-ordinates of midpoint of line joining the points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) = {(x1+x2)/2 ,(y1+y2)/2}
(i) ∴ Co-ordinates of midpoint of line joining the points (2, -3) and (-6,7) = {(2+-6)/2, (-3+7)/2}
= (-4/2, 4/2)
= (-2, 2)
Hence the co-ordinates of midpoint of line joining the points (2, -3) and (-6,7) is (-2, 2).

(ii) Co-ordinates of midpoint of line joining the points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) = {(x1+x2)/2 ,(y1+y2)/2}
∴ Co-ordinates of midpoint of line joining the points (5, -11) and (4,3) = {(5+4)/2, (-11+3)/2}
= (9/2, -8/2)
= (9/2, -4)
Hence the co-ordinates of midpoint of line joining the points (5, -11) and (4,3) is (9/2, -4).

(iii) Co-ordinates of midpoint of line joining the points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) = {(x1+x2)/2 ,(y1+y2)/2}
∴ Co-ordinates of midpoint of line joining the points (a+3, 5b) and (2a-1,3b+4) = {(a+3+2a-1)/2, (5b+3b+4)/2}
= {(3a+2)/2, (8b+4)/2}
= {(3a+2)/2, (4b+2)}
Hence the co-ordinates of midpoint of line joining the points (a+3, 5b) and (2a-1,3b+4) are {(3a+2)/2, (4b+2)}.

2. The co-ordinates of two points A and B are ( – 3, 3) and (12, – 7) respectively. P is a point on the line
segment AB such that AP : PB = 2 : 3. Find the co-ordinates of P.

Solution:
Let the co-ordinates of P(x, y) divides AB in the ratio m:n.
A(-3,3) and B(12,-7) are the given points.
Given m:n = 2:3
x1 = -3 , y1 = 3 , x2 = 12 , y2 = -7 , m = 2 and n = 3
∴By Section formula x = (mx2+nx1)/(m+n)
∴x = (2×12+3×-3)/(2+3)
∴x = (24-9)/5
x = 15/5
⇒x=3

By Section formula y = (my2+ny1)/(m+n)

∴y = (2×-7+3×3)/5
∴y = (-14+9)/5
∴y = -5/5
⇒ y = -1
Hence the co-ordinate of point P are (3,-1).

3. P divides the distance between A ( – 2, 1) and B (1, 4) in the ratio of 2 : 1. Calculate the co-ordinates of
the point P.

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 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula
Solution:
Let the co-ordinates of P(x, y) divides AB in the ratio m:n.
A(-2,1) and B(1,4) are the given points.
Given m:n = 2:1
x1 = -2 , y1 = 1 , x2 = 1 , y2 = 4 , m = 2 and n = 1
∴By Section formula x = (mx2+nx1)/(m+n)
∴x = (2×1+1×-2)/(2+1)
∴x = (2-2)/3
x = 0/3
⇒x=0

By Section formula y = (my2+ny1)/(m+n)

∴y = (2×4+1×1)/(2+1)
∴y = (8+1)/3
y = 9/3
⇒y=3
Hence the co-ordinate of point P are (0,3).

4. (i) Find the co-ordinates of the points of trisection of the line segment joining the point (3, – 3)
and (6, 9).
(ii) The line segment joining the points (3, – 4) and (1, 2) is trisected at the points P and Q. If the
coordinates of P and Q are (p, – 2) and (5/3, q) respectively, find the values of p and q.

Solution:

Let P and Q be the points of trisection of AB

i.e., AP = PQ = QB
Given A(3,-3) and B(6,9)
∴x1 = 3, y1 = -3, x2 = 6, y2 = 9
∴P(x, y) divides AB internally in the ratio 1 : 2.
∴m:n = 1:2
∴ By applying the section formula, the coordinates of P are as follows.

By Section formula x = (mx2+nx1)/(m+n)

x = (1×6+2×3)/(1+2)

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 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula
x = (6+6)/3
x = 12/3
x=4

By Section formula y = (my2+ny1)/(m+n)

∴y = (1×9+2×-3)/(2+1)
∴y = (9-6)/3
y = 3/3
⇒y=1
Hence the co-ordinate of point P are (4,1).

Now, Q also divides AB internally in the ratio 2 : 1.

∴m:n = 2:1
∴ By applying the section formula, the coordinates of P are as follows.
By Section formula x = (mx2+nx1)/(m+n)
∴x = (2×6+1×3)/(1+2)
x = (12+3)/3
x = 15/3
x=5

By Section formula y = (my2+ny1)/(m+n)

∴y = (2×9+1×-3)/(2+1)
∴y = (18-3)/3
y = 15/3
⇒y=5
Hence the co-ordinate of point Q are (5,5).

(ii) Let P(p,-2) and Q(5/3, q) be the points of trisection of AB

i.e., AP = PQ = QB
Given A(3,-4) and B(1,2)
∴x1 = 3, y1 = -4, x2 = 1, y2 = 2
∴P(p, -2) divides AB internally in the ratio 1 : 2.
By Section formula x = (mx2+nx1)/(m+n)
p = (1×1+2×3)/(1+2)
p = (1+6)/3
p = 7/3

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 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula

Now, Q also divides AB internally in the ratio 2 : 1.

∴m:n = 2:1
∴Q(5/3, q) divides AB internally in the ratio 2 : 1.
By Section formula y = (my2+ny1)/(m+n)
∴q = (2×2+1×-4)/(2+1)
∴q = (4-4)/3
q = 0/3
⇒q=0
Hence the value of p and q are 7/3 and 0 respectively.

5. (i) The line segment joining the points A (3, 2) and B (5, 1) is divided at the point P in the ratio 1 : 2 and it
lies on the line 3x – 18y + k = 0. Find the value of k.
(ii) A point P divides the line segment joining the points A (3, – 5) and B ( – 4, 8) such that AP/PB = k/1 If P
lies on the line x + y = 0, then find the value of k.

Solution:
(i) Let the co-ordinates of P(x, y) divides AB in the ratio m:n.
A(3,2) and B(5,1) are the given points.
Given m:n = 1:2
x1 = 3 , y1 = 2 , x2 = 5 , y2 = 1 , m = 1 and n = 2
∴By Section formula x = (mx2+nx1)/(m+n)
∴x = (1×5+2×3)/(1+2)
∴x = (5+6)/3
⇒ x = 11/3

By Section formula y = (my2+ny1)/(m+n)

∴y = (1×1+2×2)/(1+2)
∴y = (1+4)/3
⇒ y = 5/3

Given P lies on the line 3x-18y+k = 0

Substitute x and y in above equation
3×(11/3)-18×(5/3)+k = 0
⇒ 11-30+k = 0
⇒ -19+k = 0
⇒ k = 19
Hence the value of k is 19.

(ii) Let the co-ordinates of P(x, y) divides AB in the ratio m:n.

A(3,-5) and B(-4,8) are the given points.
Given AP/PB = k/1
∴m:n = k:1
x1 = 3 , y1 = -5 , x2 = -4 , y2 = 8 , m = k and n = 1
∴By Section formula x = (mx2+nx1)/(m+n)
∴x = (k×-4+1×3)/(k+1)
∴x = (-4k+3)/(k+1)
⇒ x = (-4k+3)/(k+1)

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 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula
By Section formula y = (my2+ny1)/(m+n)
∴y = (k×8+1×-5)/(k+1)
∴y = (-4k+3)/(k+1)

Co-ordinate of P is ((-4k+3)/(k+1), (8k-5)/(k+1))

Given P lies on line x+y = 0

Substitute value of x and y in above equation
(-4k+3)/(k+1) + (8k-5)/(k+1) = 0
⇒ (-4k+3) + (8k-5) = 0
⇒ 4k-2 = 0
⇒ 4k = 2
k = 2/4 = ½
Hence the value of k is ½ .

6. Find the coordinates of the point which is three-fourth of the way from A (3, 1) to B ( – 2, 5).

Solution:

Let P be the point which is three-fourth of the way from A(3,1) to B(-2,5).
∴AP/AB = 3/ 4
AB = AP+PB
∴AP/AB = AP/(AP+PB) = 3/4
⇒ 4AP = 3AP+3PB
⇒ 4AP-3AP = 3PB
⇒ AP = 3PB
⇒ AP/PB = 3/1
∴The ratio m:n = 3:1
x1 = 3 , y1 = 1 , x2 = -2, y2 = 5
∴By Section formula x = (mx2+nx1)/(m+n)
∴x = (3×-2+1×3)/(3+1)
∴x = (-6+3)/4
⇒ x = -3/4

By Section formula y = (my2+ny1)/(m+n)

∴y = (3×5+1×1)/(3+1)

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 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula
∴y = (15+1)/4
⇒ y = 16/4
⇒y=4
Hence the co-ordinates of P are (-3/4, 4).

7. Point P (3, – 5) is reflected to P’ in the x- axis. Also P on reflection in the y-axis is mapped as P”.
(i) Find the co-ordinates of P’ and P”.
(ii) Compute the distance P’ P”.
(iii) Find the middle point of the line segment P’ P”.
(iv) On which co-ordinate axis does the middle point of the line segment P P” lie ?

Solution:
(i) The image of P(3,-5) when reflected in X-axis will be (3,5).
When you reflect a point across the X-axis, the x-coordinate remains the same,
but the y-coordinate is transformed into its opposite (its sign is changed).
∴Co-ordinates of P’ = (3,5)

Image of P(3,-5) when reflected in Y axis will be (-3,-5).

When you reflect a point across the Y-axis, the y-coordinate remains the same,
but the x-coordinate is transformed into its opposite (its sign is changed)
∴Co-ordinates of P’’ = (-3,-5)

(ii)Let P’(x1, y1) and P’’(x2 , y2) be the given points

By distance formula d(P’,P’’) = √[(x2-x1)2+(y2-y1)2]
Co-ordinates of P’ = (3,5)
Co-ordinates of P’’ = (-3,-5)
Here x1 = 3, y1 = 5 , x2 = -3, y2 = -5
∴ d(P’,P’’) = √[(-3-3)2+(-5-5)2]
= √[(-6)2+(-10)2]
= √(36+100)
= √136
= √(4×34)
= 2√34
Hence the distance between P’ and P’’ is 2√34 units.

(iii) Co-ordinates of P’ = (3,5)

Co-ordinates of P’’ = (-3,-5)
Here x1 = 3, y1 = 5 , x2 = -3, y2 = -5
Let Q(x,y) be the midpoint of P’P’’
By midpoint formula,
x = (x1+x2)/2
y = (y1+y2)/2
∴ x = (3+-3)/2 = 0/2 = 0
y = (5+-5)/2 = 0/2 = 0
Hence the co-ordinate of midpoint of P’P’’ is (0,0) .

(iv) Co-ordinates of P = (3,-5)

Co-ordinates of P’’ = (-3,-5)
Here x1 = 3, y1 = -5 , x2 = -3, y2 = -5
Let R(x,y) be the midpoint of PP’’

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 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula
By midpoint formula,
x = (x1+x2)/2
y = (y1+y2)/2
∴ x = (3+-3)/2 = 0/2 = 0
y = (-5+-5)/2 = -10/2 = -5
So the co-ordinate of midpoint of PP’’ is (0,-5) .
Here x co-ordinate is zero.
Hence the point lies on Y-axis.

8. Use graph paper for this question. Take 1 cm = 1 unit on both axes. Plot the points A(3, 0) and B(0, 4).
(i) Write down the co-ordinates of A1, the reflection of A in the y-axis.
(ii) Write down the co-ordinates of B1, the reflection of B in the x-axis.
(iii) Assign the special name to the quadrilateral ABA1B1.
(iv) If C is the midpoint is AB. Write down the co-ordinates of the point C1, the reflection of C in the origin.
(v) Assign the special name to quadrilateral ABC1B1.

Solution:

(i) Co-ordinates of point A are (3,0).

When you reflect a point across the Y-axis, the y-coordinate remains the same,
but the x-coordinate is transformed into its opposite (its sign is changed)
Hence the reflection of A in the Y axis is (-3,0).

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 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula

(ii) Co-ordinates of point B are (0,4).

When you reflect a point across the X-axis, the x-coordinate remains the same,
but the y-coordinate is transformed into its opposite (its sign is changed).
Hence the reflection of B in the X-axis is (0,-4)

(iii) The quadrilateral ABA1B1 will be a rhombus.

(iv) Let C be midpoint of AB.

Co-ordinate of C = ((3+0)/2 , (0+4)/2) = (3/2, 2) [Midpoint formula]
In a point reflection in the origin, the image of the point (x,y) is the point (-x,-y).
Hence the reflection of C in the origin is (-3/2, -2)

(v) In quadrilateral ABC1B1, AB�B1C1

Hence the quadrilateral ABC1B1 is a trapezium.

9. The line segment joining A ( – 3, 1) and B (5, – 4) is a diameter of a circle whose centre is C. find the co-
ordinates of the point C. (1990)

Solution:
Given Co-ordinates of A = (-3,1)
Co-ordinates of B = (5,-4)
Here x1 = -3, y1 = 1 , x2 = 5, y2 = -4
Let C(x,y) be the midpoint of AB
By midpoint formula,
x = (x1+x2)/2
y = (y1+y2)/2
∴ x = (-3+5)/2 = 2/2 = 1
y = (1+-4)/2 = -3/2
Hence the co-ordinate of midpoint of AB is C(1,-3/2) .

10. The mid-point of the line segment joining the points (3m, 6) and ( – 4, 3n) is (1, 2m – 1). Find the values
of m and n.

Solution:
Let the midpoint of line joining the points A(3m,6) and B(-4,3n) be C(1,2m-1).
Here x1 = 3m, y1 = 6 , x2 = -4, y2 = 3n
x = 1 , y = 2m-1
By Midpoint formula,
x = (x1+x2)/2
∴1 = (3m+-4)/2
⇒ 3m-4 = 2
⇒ 3m = 2+4
⇒ 3m = 6
⇒ m = 6/3 = 2
By Midpoint formula,
y = (y1+y2)/2
∴2m-1 = (6+3n)/2
⇒ 4m-2 = 6+3n
Put m = 2 in above equation

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 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula
4×2-2 = 6+3n
8-2-6 = 3n
⇒ 3n = 0
⇒n=0
Hence the value of m and n are 2 and 0 respectively.

11. The co-ordinates of the mid-point of the line segment PQ are (1, – 2). The co-ordinates of P are ( – 3, 2).
Find the co-ordinates of Q.(1992)

Solution:
Let the co-ordinates of Q be (x2, y2).
Given co-ordinates of P = (-3,2)
Co-ordinates of midpoint = (1,-2)
Here x1 = -3, y1 = 2 , x = 1 , y = -2
By Midpoint formula,
x = (x1+x2)/2
∴ 1 = (-3+x2)/2
⇒ 2 = -3+x2
⇒ x2 = 2+3 = 5
By Midpoint formula,
y = (y1+y2)/2
∴-2 = (2+y2)/2
⇒ -4 = 2+y2
⇒ y2 = -4-2
⇒ y2 = -6
Hence the co-ordinates of Q are (5,-6).

12. AB is a diameter of a circle with centre C ( – 2, 5). If point A is (3, – 7). Find:
(i) the length of radius AC.
(ii) the coordinates of B.

Solution:

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 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula

(i) Length of radius AC = d(A,C)

Co-ordinates of A = (3,-7)
Co-ordinates of C = (-2,5)
Here x1 = 3, y1 = -7, x2 = -2, y2 = 5
By distance formula, d(A,C) = √[(x2-x1)2+(y2-y1)2]
= √[(-2-3)2+(5-(-7))2]
= √[(-5)2+(12)2]
= √[25+144]
= √169
= 13
Hence the radius is 13 units.

(ii)Given AB is the diameter and C is the centre of the circle.

∴By midpoint formula, -2 = (x+3)/2
⇒ -4 = x+3
⇒ x = -4-3 = -7
∴By midpoint formula, 5 = (-7+y)/2
⇒ 10 = -7+y
⇒y = 10+7 = 17
Hence the co-ordinates of B are (-7,17).

13. Find the reflection (image) of the point (5, – 3) in the point ( – 1, 3).

Solution:
Let the co-ordinates of the image of the point P(5,-3) be
P1(x, y) in the point (-1, 3) then the point (-1, 3) will be the midpoint of PP1.

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 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula
By midpoint formula, x = (x1+x2)/2
∴ -1 = (5+x2)/2 [x = -1, x1 = 5]
-2 = 5+x2
x2 = -2-5 = -7
By midpoint formula, y = (y1+y2)/2
3 = (-3+y2)/2 [y = 3, y1 = -3]
6 = -3+y2
y2 = 6+3 = 9
Hence the co-ordinates of the image of P is (-7,9).

14. The line segment joining A(-1,5/3) the points B (a, 5) is divided in the ratio 1 : 3 at P, the point where
the line segment AB intersects y-axis. Calculate
(i) the value of a
(ii) the co-ordinates of P. (1994)

Solution:
(i) Let P(x,y) divides the line segment joining the points A(-1,5/3), B(a,5) in the ratio 1:3,
Here m:n = 1:3
x1 = -1 , y1 = 5/3 , x2 = a, y2 = 5
∴By Section formula x = (mx2+nx1)/(m+n)
∴x = (1×a+3×-1)/(1+3)
∴x = (a-3)/4
⇒ x = (a-3)/4 …..(i)

By Section formula y = (my2+ny1)/(m+n)

∴y = (1×5+3×5/3)/(3+1)
∴y = (5+5)/4
⇒ y = 10/4
⇒ y = 5/2 ….(ii)

Given P meets Y axis. So its x co-ordinate will be zero.

i.e, (a-3)/4 = 0
⇒ a-3 = 0
⇒a=3

(ii) x = (a-3)/4 [From (i)]

Substitute a = 3 in above equation.
x = (3-3)/4 = 0
y = 5/2 [From (ii)]
Hence the co-ordinates of P are (0,5/2).

15. The point P ( – 4, 1) divides the line segment joining the points A (2, – 2) and B in the ratio of 3 : 5. Find
the point B.

Solution:
Let the co-ordinates of B be (x2,y2).
Given co-ordinates of A = (2,-2)
Co-ordinates of P = (-4,1)
Ratio m:n = 3:5

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 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula
x1 = 2, y1 = -2, x = -4, y = 1
P divides AB in the ratio 3:5
∴By section formula, x = (mx2+nx1)/(m+n)
∴-4 = (3×x2+5×2)/(3+5)
∴-4 = (3x2+10)/8
-32 = 3x2+10
⇒ 3x2 = -32-10 = -42
⇒ x2 = -42/3 = -14

By Section formula y = (my2+ny1)/(m+n)

∴1= (3×y2+5×-2)/(3+5)
∴1 = (3y2-10)/8
⇒ 8 = 3y2-10
⇒3y2 = 8+10 = 18
⇒ y = 18/3 = 6
Hence the co-ordinates of B are (-14,6).

16. (i) In what ratio does the point (5, 4) divide the line segment joining the points (2, 1) and (7 ,6) ?
(ii) In what ratio does the point ( – 4, b) divide the line segment joining the points P (2, – 2), Q ( – 14, 6) ?
Hence find the value of b.

Solution:
(i) Let the ratio that the point (5,4) divide the line segment joining the points (2,1) and (7,6) be m:n,
Here x1 = 2 , y1 = 1 , x2 = 7, y2 = 6, x = 5, y = 4
∴By section formula, x = (mx2+nx1)/(m+n)
∴5 = (m×7+n×2)/(m+n)
∴5 = (7m+2n)/(m+n)
∴5(m+n) = 7m+2n
∴5m+5n = 7m+2n
∴5m-7m = 2n-5n
∴-2m = -3n
∴m/n = -3/-2 = 3/2
Hence the ratio m:n is 3:2.

(ii) Let the ratio that the point (-4,b) divide the line segment joining the points (2,-2) and (-14,6) be m:n,
Here x1 = 2 , y1 = -2 , x2 = -14, y2 = 6, x = -4, y = b
∴By section formula, x = (mx2+nx1)/(m+n)
∴-4 = (m×-14+n×2)/(m+n)
∴-4= (-14m+2n)/(m+n)
∴-4(m+n) = -14m+2n
∴-4m-4n = -14m+2n
∴-4m+14m = 2n+4n
∴10m = 6n
∴m/n = 6/10 = 3/5
Hence the ratio m:n is 3:5.

By Section formula y = (my2+ny1)/(m+n)

∴b= (3×6+5×-2)/(3+5)

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 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula
∴b = (18-10)/8
⇒ b = 8/8
⇒b=1
Hence the value of b is 1 and the ratio m:n is 3:5.

17. The line segment joining A (2, 3) and B (6, – 5) is intercepted by the x-axis at the point K. Write the
ordinate of the point k. Hence, find the ratio in which K divides AB. Also, find the coordinates of the point
K.

Solution:
Since the point K is on X axis, its y co-ordinate is zero.
Let the point K be (x,0).
Let the point K divides the line segment joining A(2,3) and B(6,-5) in the ratio m:n.
Here x1 = 2 , y1 = 3 , x2 = 6, y2 = -5, y = 0
By Section formula y = (my2+ny1)/(m+n)
∴0 = (m×-5+n×3)/(m+n)
∴0 = (-5m+3n)/m+n
⇒ -5m+3n = 0
⇒ -5m = -3n
⇒ m/n = -3/-5 = 3/5
Hence the point K divides the line segment in the ratio 3:5.

∴By section formula, x = (mx2+nx1)/(m+n)

∴x = (3×6+5×2)/(3+5)
∴x = (18+10)/8
∴x = 28/8 = 7/2
Hence the co-ordinates of K are (7/2, 0).

18. If A ( – 4, 3) and B (8, – 6), (i) find the length of AB.

(ii) in what ratio is the line joining AB, divided by the x-axis? (2008)

Solution:
(i) Given points are A(-4,3) and B(8,-6).
Here x1 = -4, y1 = 3
x2 = 8, y2 = -6
By distance formula, d(AB) = √[(x2-x1)2+(y2-y1)2]
∴ d(AB) = √[(8-(-4))2+(-6-3)2]
∴ d(AB) = √[(12)2+(-9)2]
∴ d(AB) = √(144+81)
∴ d(AB) = √225
∴ d(AB) = 15
Hence the length of AB is 15 units.

(ii)Let m:n be the ratio in which the line AB is divided by the X axis.
Since the line meets X axis, its y co-ordinate is zero.
By Section formula y = (my2+ny1)/(m+n)
∴0 = (m×-6+n×3)/(m+n)
∴0 = (-6m+3n)/m+n
⇒ -6m+3n = 0

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 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula
⇒ -6m = -3n
⇒ m/n = -3/-6 = 3/6 = 1/2
Hence the ratio is 1:2.

19. (i) Calculate the ratio in which the line segment joining (3, 4) and( – 2, 1) is divided by the y-axis.
(ii) In what ratio does the line x – y – 2 = 0 divide the line segment joining the points (3, – 1) and (8, 9)?
Also, find the coordinates of the point of division.

Solution:
(i) Let m:n be the ratio in which the line segment joining (3,4) and (-2,1) is divided by the Y axis.
Since the line meets Y axis, its x co-ordinate is zero.
Here x1 = 3, y1 = 4
x2 = -2, y2 = 1
∴By section formula, x = (mx2+nx1)/(m+n)
∴0 = (m×-2+n×3)/(m+n)
∴0 = (-2m+3n)/( m+n)
∴0 = -2m+3n
∴ 2m = 3n
∴m/n = 3/2
Hence the ration m:n is 3:2.

(ii)Let the line x-y-2 = 0 divide the line segment joining the points (3,-1) and (8,9) in the ratio m:n at the point
P(x,y)
Here x1 = 3, y1 = -1
x2 = 8 y2 = 9
∴By section formula, x = (mx2+nx1)/(m+n)
∴x = (m×8+n×3)/(m+n)
∴x = (8m+3n)/( m+n) …. (i)
By Section formula y = (my2+ny1)/(m+n)
∴y = (m×9+n×-1)/(m+n)
∴y = (9m-n)/(m+n) …. (ii)

Since the point P(x,y) lies on the line x-y-2 = 0,

eqn (i) and (ii) will satify the equation x-y-2 = 0 …(iii)
Substitute (i) and (ii) in (iii)
[(8m+3n)/( m+n)] - [(9m-n)/(m+n)]-2 = 0
[(8m+3n)/( m+n)] - [(9m-n)/(m+n)]-[2(m+n)/(m+n)] = 0
8m+3n-(9m-n)-2(m+n) = 0
8m+3n-9m+n-2m-2n = 0
-3m+2n = 0
-3m = -2n
∴m/n = -2/-3 = 2/3
Hence the ratio m:n is 2:3.
Substitute m and n in (i)
x = (8m+3n)/( m+n)
∴x = (8×2+3×3)/(2+3)
∴x = (16+9)/5
∴x = 25/5 = 5
Substitute m and n in (ii)

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 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula
y = (9m-n)/(m+n)
∴y = (9×2-3)/(2+3)
∴y = (18-3)/5
∴y = 15/5 = 3
Hence the co-ordinates of P are (5,3).

20. Given a line segment AB joining the points A ( – 4, 6) and B (8, – 3). Find:
(i) the ratio in which AB is divided by the y-axis.
(ii) find the coordinates of the point of intersection.
(iii)the length of AB.

Solution:
(i) Let m:n be the ratio in which the line segment joining A (-4,6) and B(8,-3) is divided by the Y axis.
Since the line meets Y axis, its x co-ordinate is zero.
Here x1 = -4, y1 = 6
x2 = 8, y2 = -3

∴By section formula, x = (mx2+nx1)/(m+n)

∴0 = (m×8+n×-4)/(m+n)
∴0 = (8m+-4n)/(m+n)
∴0 = 8m+-4n
∴ 8m = 4n
∴m/n = 4/8 = 1/2
Hence the ration m:n is 1:2.

(ii) By Section formula y = (my2+ny1)/(m+n)

Substitute m and n in above equation
∴y = (1×-3+2×6)/(1+2)
∴y = (-3+12)/3
∴y = 9/3 = 3
So the co-ordinates of the point of intersection are (0,3).

(iii) By distance formula, d(AB) = √[(x2-x1)2+(y2-y1)2]

∴ d(AB) = √[(8-(-4))2+(-3-6)2]
∴ d(AB) = √[(12)2+(-9)2]
∴ d(AB) = √(144+81)
∴ d(AB) = √225
∴ d(AB) = 15
Hence the length of AB is 15 units.

21. (i) Write down the co-ordinates of the point P that divides the line joining A ( – 4, 1) and B (17,10) in the
ratio 1 : 2.
(ii)Calculate the distance OP where O is the origin.
(iii)In what ratio does the y-axis divide the line AB ?

Solution:
(i)Let P(x,y) divides the line segment joining the points A(-4,1), B(17,10) in the ratio 1:2,
Here x1 = -4, y1 = 1
x2 = 17, y2 = 10

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 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula
m:n = 1:2
∴By section formula, x = (mx2+nx1)/(m+n)
∴x = (1×17+2×-4)/(1+2)
∴x = (17+-8)/3
∴x = 9/3
∴x = 3

By Section formula y = (my2+ny1)/(m+n)

∴y = (1×10+2×1)/(1+2)
∴y = (10+2)/3
∴y = 12/3 = 4
Hence the co-ordinates of the point P are (3,4).

(ii)Since O is the origin, the co-ordinates of O are (0,0).

By distance formula, d(OP) = √[(x2-x1)2+(y2-y1)2]
∴d(OP) = √[(0-3)2+(0-4)2]
∴d(OP) = √[(3)2+(4)2]
∴d(OP) = √(9+16)
∴d(OP) = √25 = 5
Hence the distance OP is 5 units.

(iii)Let m:n be the ratio in which Y axis divide line AB.

Since AB touches Y axis, its x co-ordinate will be zero.
Here x1 = -4, y1 = 1
x2 = 17, y2 = 10
∴By section formula, x = (mx2+nx1)/(m+n)
∴0 = (m×17+n×-4)/(m+n)
∴0 = (17m-4n)/(m+n)
⇒ 17m-4n = 0
⇒ 17 m = 4n
⇒m/n = 4/17
∴m:n = 4:17
Hence the ratio in which Y axis divide line AB is 4:17.

22. Calculate the length of the median through the vertex A of the triangle ABC with vertices A (7, – 3), B
(5, 3) and C (3, – 1).

Solution:
Let M(x,y) be the median of ΔABC through A to BC.
M will be the midpoint of BC.
x1 = 5, y1 = 3
x2 = 3, y2 = -1
By midpoint formula, x = (x1+x2)/2
∴ x = (5+3)/2 = 8/2 = 4

By midpoint formula, y = (y1+y2)/2

∴ y = (3+-1)/2 = 2/2 = 1
Hence the co-ordinates of M are (4,1).
By distance formula, d(AM) = √[(x2-x1)2+(y2-y1)2]

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 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula
x1 = 7, y1 = -3
x2 = 4, y2 = 1
∴d(AM) = √[(4-7)2+(1-(-3))2]
∴d(AM) = √[(-3)2+(4)2]
∴d(AM) = √(9+16)
∴d(AM) = √25 = 5
Hence the length of the median AM is 5 units.

23. Three consecutive vertices of a parallelogram ABCD are A (1, 2), B (1, 0) and C (4, 0). Find the fourth
vertex D.

Solution:
Let M be the midpoint of the diagonals of the parallelogram ABCD.
Co-ordinate of M will be the midpoint of diagonal AC.
Given points are A(1,2), B(1,0) and C(4,0).
Consider line AC.
x1 = 1, y1 = 2
x2 = 4, y2 = 0
By midpoint formula, x = (x1+x2)/2
∴ x = (1+4)/2 = 5/2
By midpoint formula, y = (y1+y2)/2
∴ y = (2+0)/2 = 2/2 = 1
Hence the co-ordinates of M are (5/2,1).
M is also the midpoint of diagonal BD.
Consider line BD and M as midpoint.
x1 = 1, y1 = 0
x = 5/2, y = 1
By midpoint formula, x = (x1+x2)/2
∴5/2 = (1+x2)/2
∴5 = 1+x2
∴ x2 = 5-1 = 4
By midpoint formula, y = (y1+y2)/2
∴1 = (0+y2)/2
∴1 = y2/2
⇒ y2 = 2
Hence the co-ordinates of D are (4,2).

24. If the points A ( – 2, – 1), B (1, 0), C (p, 3) and D (1, q) form a parallelogram ABCD, find the values of p
and q.

Solution:

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 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula

Given vertices of the parallelogram are A(-2,-1), B(1, 0), C(p,3) and D(1,q).
Let M(x,y) be the midpoint of the diagonals of the parallelogram ABCD.
Diagonals AC and BD bisect each other at M.
When M is the midpoint of AC
By midpoint formula,
x = (-2+p)/2 = (p-2)/2 ..(i)
y = (-1+3)/2 = 2/2 = 1 ..(ii)
When M is the midpoint of BD
By midpoint formula,
x = (1+1)/2 = 2/2 = 1 ..(iii)
y = (q+0)/2 = q/2 ..(iv)
Equating (i) and (iii), we get
(p-2)/2 = 1
⇒ p-2 = 2
⇒ p = 2+2 = 4
Equating (i2) and (iv), we get
q/2 = 1
⇒q = 2
Hence the value of p and q are 4 and 2 respectively.

25. If two vertices of a parallelogram are (3, 2) ( – 1, 0) and its diagonals meet at (2, – 5), find the other two
vertices of the parallelogram.

Solution:
Let A(3,2) and B(-1,0) be the two vertices of the parallelogram ABCD.
Let M(2,-5) be the point where diagonals meet.

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 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula
Since the diagonals of the parallelogram bisect each other, M is the midpoint of AC and BD.
Consider A-M-C
Let co-ordinate of C be (x2,y2)
x1 = 3, y1 = 2
x = 2, y = -5
By midpoint formula, x = (x1+x2)/2
2 = (3+x2)/2
⇒ 3+x2 = 4
⇒ x2 = 4-3 = 1
By midpoint formula, y = (x1+x2)/2
-5 = (2+y2)/2
-10 = 2+y2
⇒ y2 = -10-2 = -12
Hence the co-ordinates of the point C are (1,-12).

Consider B-M-D
Let co-ordinate of D be (x2,y2)
x1 = -1, y1 = 0
x = 2, y = -5
By midpoint formula, x = (x1+x2)/2
2 = (-1+x2)/2
⇒ -1+x2 = 4
⇒ x2 = 4+1 = 5
By midpoint formula, y = (x1+x2)/2
-5 = (0+y2)/2
-10 = 0+y2
⇒ y2 = -10
Hence the co-ordinates of the point D are (5,-10).

26. Prove that the points A ( – 5, 4), B ( – 1, – 2) and C (5, 2) are the vertices of an isosceles right angled
triangle. Find the co-ordinates of D so that ABCD is a square.

Solution:

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 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula

Given points are A(-5,4), B(-1,-2) and C(5,2) are given.

Since these are vertices of an isosceles triangle ABC then AB = BC.
By distance formula, d(AB) = √[(x2-x1)2+(y2-y1)2]
Here x1 = -5, y1 = 4
x2 = -1, y2 = -2
∴ d(AB) = √[(-1-(-5))2+(-2-4)2]
∴ d(AB) = √[(4)2+(6)2]
∴ d(AB) = √(16+36)
∴ d(AB) = √52 …(i)
By distance formula, d(BC) = √[(x2-x1)2+(y2-y1)2]
Here x1 = -1, y1 = -2
x2 = 5, y2 = 2
∴ d(BC) = √[(5-(-1))2+(2-(-2))2]
∴ d(BC) = √[(6)2+(4)2]
∴ d(BC) = √(36+16)
∴ d(BC) = √52 …(ii)
From (i) and (ii) AB = BC
So given points are the vertices of isosceles triangle.

By distance formula, d(AC) = √[(x2-x1)2+(y2-y1)2]

Here x1 = -5, y1 = 4
x2 = 5, y2 = 2
∴ d(AC) = √[(5-(-5))2+(2-4)2]
∴ d(AC) = √[(10)2+(-2)2]

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 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula
∴ d(AC) = √(100+4)
∴ d(AC) = √104 ….(iii)
Apply Pythagoras theorem to triangle ABC
AB2+BC2 = (√52)2+(√52)2
= 52+52
= 104 ….(iv)
AC2 = (√104)2 = 104…(v)
From (iv) and (v) we got
AB2+BC2 = AC2
So Pythagoras theorem is satisfied.
So the triangle is an isosceles right angled triangle.
Hence proved.

If ABCD is a square, let the diagonals meet at O.

Diagonals of a square bisect each other. So, O is the midpoint of AC and BD.
Consider A-O-C
x1 = -5, y1 = 4
x2 = 5, y2 = 2
By midpoint formula, x = (x1+x2)/2
x = (-5+5)/2 = 0/2 = 0
By midpoint formula, y = (y1+y2)/2
y = (4+2)/2 = 6/2 = 3
So co-ordinate of O is (0,3).

Consider B-O-D
Let co-ordinate of D be (x2,y2)
x1 = -1, y1 = -2
x = 0, y = 3
By midpoint formula, x = (x1+x2)/2
0 = (-1+x2)/2
⇒ -1+x2 = 0
⇒ x2 = 1
By midpoint formula, y = (x1+x2)/2
3 = (-2+y2)/2
6 = -2+y2
⇒ y2 = 6+2 = 8
Hence the co-ordinates of the point D are (1,8).

27. Find the third vertex of a triangle if its two vertices are ( – 1, 4) and (5, 2) and midpoint of one sides is
(0, 3).

Solution:

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 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula

Let A (-1,4) and B(5,2) are the vertices of the triangle and let D(0,3) is the midpoint of side AC.
Let co-ordinate of C be (x,y).
Consider D(0,3) as midpoint of AC
By midpoint formula,
(-1+x)/2 = 0
∴-1 +x = 0
∴x = 1
By midpoint formula,
(4+y)/2 = 3
∴4+y = 6
∴y = 6-4 = 2
So the co-ordinates of C are (1,2).

Consider D(0,3) as midpoint of BC

By midpoint formula,
(5+x)/2 = 0
∴5 +x = 0
∴x = -5
By midpoint formula,
(2+y)/2 = 3
∴2+y = 6
∴y = 6-2 = 4
So the co-ordinates of C are (-5,4).
Hence the co-ordinates of the point C will be (1,2) or (-5,4).

28. Find the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle the middle points of whose sides are (0, ½ ) , ( ½ , ½)
and ( ½ , 0).

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 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula
Solution:

Let A(x1,y1), B(x2,y2) and C(x3,y3) be the vertices of the triangle ABC.
Consider AB
By midpoint formula, (x1+x2)/2 = 0
∴ x1+x2 = 0
∴ x1 = -x2 ..(i)
By midpoint formula, (y1+y2)/2 = ½
∴ y1+y2 = 1 …(ii)

Consider AC
By midpoint formula, (x1+x3)/2 = ½
∴ x1+x3 = 1 …(iii)
By midpoint formula, (y1+y3)/2 = 0
∴ y1+y3 = 0
∴ y1 = -y3 …(iv)

Consider BC
By midpoint formula, (x2+x3)/2 = ½
∴ x2+x3 = 1 …(v)
By midpoint formula, (y2+y3)/2 = ½
∴ y2+y3 = 1 …(vi)

Substitute (i) in (iii)

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 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula
Then (iii) becomes -x2+x3 = 1
Equation (v)⇒ x2+x3 = 1
Adding above two equations, we get
2x3 = 2
∴x3 = 2/2 = 1
Substitute x3 = 1 in (iii), we get x1 = 0
∴x2 = 0 [From (i)]
So x1 = 0, x2 = 0, x3 = 1

Substitute (iv) in (ii)

Then (ii) becomes -y3+y2 = 1
Equation (vi)⇒ y2+y3 = 1
Adding above two equations, we get
2y2 = 2
∴y2 = 2/2 = 1
Substitute y2 = 1 in (i), we get y1 = 0
∴y3 = 0
So y1 = 0, y2 = 1, y3 = 0
Hence the Co-ordinates of vertices are A(0,0), B(0,1) and C(1,0).

29. Show by section formula that the points (3, – 2), (5, 2) and (8, 8) are collinear.

Solution:
Let the point B(5,2) divides the line joining A(3,-2) and C(8,8) in the ratio m:n.
Then by section formula, x = (mx2+nx1)/(m+n)
∴ 5 = (m×8+n×3)/(m+n)
∴ 5 = (8m+3n)/(m+n)
5m+5n = 8m+3n
2n = 3m
∴m/n = 2/3 …(i)
By section formula, y = (my2+ny1)/(m+n)
∴2 = (m×8+n×-2)/(m+n)
∴ 2 = (8m-2n)/(m+n)
2m+2n = 8m-2n
6m = 4n
m/n = 4/6 = 2/3 …(ii)
Here ratios are same.
So the points are collinear.

30. Find the value of p for which the points ( – 5, 1), (1, p) and (4, – 2) are collinear.

Solution:
Let A(-5,1) divides the line joining (1,p) and (4,-2) in the ratio m:n
Then by section formula, x = (mx2+nx1)/(m+n)
∴ -5 = (m×4+n×1)/(m+n)
∴ -5 = (4m+n)/(m+n)
-5m-5n = 4m+n
-9m = 6n
∴m/n = -9/6 = -2/3 …(i)

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 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula
By section formula, y = (my2+ny1)/(m+n)
∴ 1 = (m×-2+n×p)/(m+n)
∴ 1 = (-2m+pn)/(m+n)
m+n = -2m+pn
3m = (p-1)n
m/n = (p-1)/3 ….(ii)
Equating (i) and (ii)
(p-1)/3 = -2/3
p-1 = -2
p = -2+1 = -1
Hence the value of p is -1.

31. A (10, 5), B (6, – 3) and C (2, 1) are the vertices of triangle ABC. L is the mid point of AB, M is the mid-
point of AC. Write down the co-ordinates of L and M. Show that LM = ½ BC.

Solution:
Given points are A(10,5), B(6,-3) and C(2,1).
Let L(x,y) be the midpoint of AB.
Here x1= 10, y1 = 5
x2 = 6, y2 = -3
By midpoint formula, x = (x1+x2)/2
∴x = (10+6)/2 = 16/2 = 8
By midpoint formula, y = (y1+y2)/2
∴y = (5-3)/2 = 2/2 = 1
So co-ordinates of L are (8,1).

Let M(x,y) be the midpoint of AC.

Here x1= 10, y1 = 5
x2 = 2, y2 = 1
By midpoint formula, x = (x1+x2)/2
∴x = (10+2)/2 = 12/2 = 6
By midpoint formula, y = (y1+y2)/2
∴y = (5+1)/2 = 6/2 = 3
So co-ordinates of M are (6,3).

By distance formula, d(LM) = √[(x2-x1)2+(y2-y1)2]

The points are L(8,1) and M(6,3)
So x1= 8, y1 = 1
x2 = 6, y2 = 3
∴ d(LM) = √[(x2-x1)2+(y2-y1)2]
∴ d(LM) = √[(6-8)2+(3-1)2]
∴ d(LM) = √[(-2)2+(2)2]
∴ d(LM) = √(4+4)
∴ d(LM) = √8 = 2√2 …(i)

By distance formula, d(BC) = √[(x2-x1)2+(y2-y1)2]

The points are B(6,-3) and C(2,1).
So x1= 6, y1 = -3
x2 = 2, y2 = 1

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 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula
∴ d(BC) = √[(x2-x1)2+(y2-y1)2]
∴ d(BC) = √[(2-6)2+(1-(-3))2]
∴ d(BC) = √[(-4)2+(4)2]
∴ d(BC) = √(16+16)
∴ d(BC) = √32 = 4√2 …(ii)
From (i) and (ii), LM = ½ BC

32. A (2, 5), B ( – 1, 2) and C (5, 8) are the vertices of a triangle ABC. P and Q are points on AB and AC
respectively such that AP : PB = AQ : QC = 1 : 2.
(i) Find the co-ordinates of P and Q.
(ii) Show that PQ = 1/3 BC

Solution:

(i) Given vertices of the �ABC are A(2,5), B(-1,2) and C(5,8).
P and Q are points on AB and AC respectively such that AP:PB = AQ :QC = 1:2.
P(x,y) divides AB in the ratio 1:2.
x1= 2, y1 = 5
x2 = -1, y2 = 2
m:n = 1:2
By section formula, x = (mx2+nx1)/(m+n)
∴ x = (1×-1+2×2)/(1+2)
∴ x = (-1+4)/(3)
∴ x = 3/3 = 1
By section formula, y = (my2+ny1)/(m+n)
∴ y = (1×2+2×5)/(1+2)
∴ y = (2+10)/(3)

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 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula
∴ y = 12/3 = 4
∴Co-ordinates of P are (1,4).

Q(x,y) divides AC in the ratio 1:2.

x1= 2, y1 = 5
x2 = 5, y2 = 8
m:n = 1:2
By section formula, x = (mx2+nx1)/(m+n)
∴ x = (1×5+2×2)/(1+2)
∴ x = (5+4)/(3)
∴ x = 9/3 = 3
By section formula, y = (my2+ny1)/(m+n)
∴ y = (1×8+2×5)/(1+2)
∴ y = (8+10)/(3)
∴ y = 18/3 = 6
∴Co-ordinates of Q are (3,6).

(ii) By distance formula, d(PQ) = √[(x2-x1)2+(y2-y1)2]

Points are P(1,4) and Q(3,6).
So x1= 1, y1 = 4
x2 = 3, y2 = 6
∴ d(PQ) = √[(x2-x1)2+(y2-y1)2]
∴ d(PQ) = √[(3-1)2+(6-4)2]
∴ d(PQ) = √[(2)2+(2)2]
∴ d(PQ) = √(4+4)
∴ d(PQ) = √8 = 2√2 ..(i)

By distance formula, d(BC) = √[(x2-x1)2+(y2-y1)2]

Points are B(-1,2) and C(5,8).
So x1= -1, y1 = 2
x2 = 5, y2 = 8
∴ d(BC) = √[(x2-x1)2+(y2-y1)2]
∴ d(BC) = √[(5-(-1))2+(8-2)2]
∴ d(BC) = √[(6)2+(6)2]
∴ d(BC) = √(36+36)
∴ d(BC) = √72 = √(36×2) = 6√2 ..(ii)

BC/3 = 6√2/3 = 2√2 = PQ

∴PQ = 1/3 BC.
Hence proved.

33. The mid-point of the line segment AB shown in the adjoining diagram is (4, – 3). Write down the co-
ordinates of A and B.

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 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula

Solution:
Let P(4,-3) be the midpoint of line joining the points A and B.
Since A lies on X axis, its co-ordinates are (x2,0)
Since B lies on Y axis, its co-ordinates are (0,y1)
By midpoint formula, x = (x1+x2)/2
∴4 = (0+x2)/2
∴ x2 = 4×2 = 8
By midpoint formula, y = (y1+y2)/2
∴-3 = (y1+0)/2
∴ y1 = -3×2 = -6
Hence the co-ordinates of A and B are (8,0)and (0,-6) respectively.

34. Find the co-ordinates of the centroid of a triangle whose vertices are A ( – 1, 3), B(1, – 1) and C (5, 1)
(2006)

Solution:
Given vertices of the triangle are A(-1,3), B(1,-1) and C(5,1)
Co-ordinates of the centroid of a triangle, whose vertices are (x1,y1), (x2,y2) and (x3,y3) are
[(x1 + x2+ x3)/3, (y1 + y2+ y3)/3]
(x1,y1) = (-1,3)
(x2,y2) = (1,-1)
(x3,y3) = (5,1)
∴(x1 + x2+ x3)/3 = (-1+1+5)/3 = 5/3
∴(y1 + y2+ y3)/3 = (3-1+1)/3 = 3/3 = 1
Hence the co-ordinates of centroid are (5/3, 1).

35. Two vertices of a triangle are (3, – 5) and ( – 7, 4). Find the third vertex given that the centroid is (2, –
1).

Solution:

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 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula
Let third vertex be C(x3,y3).
Given (x1,y1) = (3,-5)
(x2,y2) = (-7,4)
Co-ordinates of centroid are (2,-1)
Co-ordinates of the centroid of a triangle, whose vertices are (x1,y1), (x2,y2) and (x3,y3) are
[(x1 + x2+ x3)/3, (y1 + y2+ y3)/3]
∴(x1 + x2+ x3)/3 = (3+-7+x3)/3 = 2 [x co-ordinate of centroid]
∴-4+x3 = 2×3
∴-4+x3 = 6
∴ x3 = 6+4
∴ x3 = 10

(y1 + y2+ y3)/3 = -1 [y co-ordinate of centroid]

-5+4+y3 = -1×3
-1+y3 = -3
∴y3 = -3+1
∴y3 = -2
Hence the third vertex is (10,-2).

36. The vertices of a triangle are A ( – 5, 3), B (p, – 1) and C (6, q). Find the values of p and q if the centroid
of the triangle ABC is the point (1, – 1).

Solution:
Given vertices of the triangle are A(-5,3), B(p,-1) and C(6,q).
Co-ordinates of centroid are (1,-1).
Co-ordinates of the centroid of a triangle, whose vertices are (x1,y1), (x2,y2) and (x3,y3) are
[(x1 + x2+ x3)/3, (y1 + y2+ y3)/3]
(x1,y1) = (-5,3)
(x2,y2) = (p,-1)
(x3,y3) = (6,q)
∴x co-ordinate of centroid, (x1 + x2+ x3)/3 = (-5+p+6)/3 = 1
∴p+1 = 3
∴p = 3-1
∴p = 2
∴y co-ordinate of centroid, (y1 + y2+ y3)/3 = (3-1+q)/3 = -1
∴2+q = 3×-1
∴2+q = -3
∴q = -3-2
∴q = -5
Hence the value of p and q are 2 and -5 respectively.

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 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula

www.clearexam.ac.in
 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula

www.clearexam.ac.in
 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula

www.clearexam.ac.in
 ML Aggarwal Solutions Class 10 Maths
Chapter 11: Section Formula

www.clearexam.ac.in