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Lesson 2 Animal Production

The document outlines a lesson on animal production, specifically focusing on swine production, including its evolution, breeds, and facilities. It discusses the history of swine domestication, the impact of industrialization, and consumer preferences, as well as detailing various local and exotic breeds of swine. Additionally, it highlights the different types of swine facilities used for breeding and raising pigs.

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christianlunag24
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9 views42 pages

Lesson 2 Animal Production

The document outlines a lesson on animal production, specifically focusing on swine production, including its evolution, breeds, and facilities. It discusses the history of swine domestication, the impact of industrialization, and consumer preferences, as well as detailing various local and exotic breeds of swine. Additionally, it highlights the different types of swine facilities used for breeding and raising pigs.

Uploaded by

christianlunag24
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GOOD

AFTERNOON!
ICE BREAKER:
I MAKE THE FACE YOU
MAKE THE SOUND!
LESSON 2:

ANIMAL
PRODUCTION
REPORTERS;
Anain, Casandra Joy
Nervar, Shanesse
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the learners will
be able to:
▪ Discuss what is Animal Production
▪ Enumerate the different Breed of
Swine
▪ Differentiate between the various
parts of pig and swine facilities.
What is Animal Production?
● Animal production encompasses agricultural
practices centered on breeding and raising
animals for various products and purposes.
● This includes the feeding, housing, and overall
care of farm animals to produce meat, eggs, milk,
fiber, and other materials for private or
commercial use.
● It is one of the branches of agriculture
concerned with animals and also where
technology can be applied to keep animals for
profit.
SWINE
PRODUCTION
2.1 Swine Production
a. Evolution of Swine Production
The evolution of swine production involves several key
aspects, including domestication, pre-industrial practices,
industrialization's impact, antibiotics use, the adoption of
concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs), genetics and
breeding, consumer preferences, and regulations related to
welfare and environmental impact.

Early Domestication and History


• Pigs were domesticated from the Eurasian wild boar around
8,000–10,000 years ago in China and Turkey
• Domesticated pigs have larger body sizes, litter sizes, and
growth rates than wild boars.
2.1 Swine Production
Pre-Industrial Swine Production
• In pre-industrial Europe, pigs foraged freely, which
slowed domestication and allowed them to interbreed
with Eurasian boars
• As European populations grew in the 17th and 18th
centuries, free-ranging space diminished, leading to
increased domestication efforts
• These efforts were expedited by hybridizing European
pigs with more domesticated Asian pigs, breeding for
frequent, large litters and faster weight gain
• In the 1500s, pigs were introduced to the Americas and
allowed to roam freely due to plentiful food
2.1 Swine Production
Industrialization and CAFOs
• Instead of open land, concentrated animal feeding
operations (CAFOs) began to emerge, pioneered by the
poultry industry in the 1950s and adopted by swine
producers in the 1970s and 1980s
• The growth of the animal production sector is often
dictated by distances to processing plants, feed mills,
and transportation routes to minimize transportation
costs.
2.1 Swine Production
Genetics and Breeding
• Modern breeding goals focus on reproduction,
resistance, and meat quality
• There's a growing trend towards "balanced
breeding," which focuses not only on increasing
litter size but also on improving piglet survival rates
Consumer Preferences
• Consumer preferences significantly impact swine
production practices they are showing increased
interest in animal welfare, with many willing to pay
more for pork from welfare-friendly farms
BREEDS
OF SWINE
b. Breeds of Swine

There are only a few breeds of swine


available in the country today. These breeds have
been chosen by popular demand and perhaps
according to their capacity to reproduce and grow
efficiently under Philippine conditions. The
selection of breeds adapted to the system of swine
farming has been done through trial and error
methods.
1. Local / Indigenous Breed
“Philippine Native Pig”
Characteristics:
● Small and lack the anatomical
symmetry of standard breeds
● Most are named after the
region and/or province where
they are found, thus, there are
Ilocano pigs, Tagalog pigs,
Waray pigs, and others. These
pigs differ from one another in
size, color, general
conformation, and appearance.
Exotic Breed
A. Pure breeds
1. “ Landrace “
Characteristics:
a. Origin: Developed in Denmark for the production
of high-quality bacon
b. Color: white, although black skin spots or freckles
are common.
c. Body: long, known as the longest breed of swine
(16 to 17 ribs).
d. Back: much less arched than the other breeds of
swine
e. Head: long and rather narrow and light neck and
jowl is clear
f. Ears: medium to large drooping
g. known for its prolificacy and mothering ability
under the Philippine condition
Major Objection: weak legs and pasterns especially
on the hind leg.
Exotic Breed
A. Pure breeds
2. “Yorkshire/ Large White “

Characteristics:
a. Origin-England
b. Color white with sometimes black
pigments on the skin
c Face slightly dished
d. Ears medium size, erect and inclined
forward
e. Body- long
f. Good mothering ability (Mother
breed) farrow and wean large litters
called freckles
Exotic Breed
A. Pure breeds
3. “Duroc Jersey, or simply Duroc“

Characteristics:
a. Origin: U.S.A. chiefly in New York and New
Jersey
b. Color: red, varying from light to dark
c. Face: straight and slightly dished, snout
moderately long
d. Ears: medium, set forward 2/3 erect and
1/3 drooping
e. Superior growth rate and feed conversion
f. Prolific and good mother
Exotic Breed
A. Pure breeds
4. “Pietrain “

Characteristics:
a. Origin: Belgium
b. Color: spotted black and white
c. Has well shaped hams and
meaty shoulder: good proportion of
lean- to fat meat
d. Slow growers and have
relatively poor feed conversion
Can you give at least two
Exotic Breeds (Pure
breed)?
Exotic Breed
B. Synthetic breeds

1. “Nieuw Dalland /TOPIGS “

● Developed in Netherlands by
TOPIGS breeding company
● Foundation: Pietrain, Large
White, and Landrace
● Fast growth rate, excellent FCR,
high fertility
● Solid legs, well-developed
udder, and stress negative animals
Exotic Breed
B. Synthetic breeds

2. “Hypor“

● Developed by Eurobrid,
Netherlands
● Sow line: Large White,
Landrace, Meishan
-Developed for high litter size and
weaning capacity
● Boar line: Pietrain, Duroc
-Developed for meat percentage,
confirmation and FCR
Exotic Breed
B. Synthetic breeds

3. “Segher “

● Developed by Segher hybrid


Company in Belgium
● Makes up the line: Large white,
Landrace, and Pietrain
● Parent gilt: Dutchess
-known for reproductive efficiency
-a large number of born and weaned
-designed durability
-strong mothering ability
-good carcass quality
Can you give at least two
Exotic Breeds
(Synthetic breed)?
Exotic Breed
C. Upgrades

a. Kaman- Native pig from Batangas x Duroc Jersey


b. Dianu - Native pig from Batangas x Berkshire
c. Berkjala - Native pig from Jala Jala Rizal x
Berkshire
PARTS OF PIG
c. Parts of Pig
SWINE
FACILITIES
d. Swine Facilities
Sow Facilities
A. Farrowing House
• Sows are moved in a few days before farrowing.
Remain there for 15-30 days when litter is weaned,
• Sows are stalled in farrowing crates

B. Gestation Building/Barn
• Sows are located here when not in a farrowing house.
Breeding and gestation periods take place here.
• Sows are placed in individual stalls or group pens
d. Swine Facilities
Market Swine Facilities
A. Nursery
• Facility for weaned pigs (approx. 20 – 50 pounds) •
• Equipment/building is designed for small pigs.
B. Grower/Finisher
• Next “home” for the pigs after the nursery.
• Facilities are designed for larger animals up to market
weight – usually grouped by size in pens
C. Wean to Finish
• Combines everything together into 1 facility
Alternative
Group
Activity
GROUP 1: Swine Production

Develop a diagram illustrating the various stages of swine


production, tracing its evolution from the early domestication of
pigs to the changing consumer preferences in modern times.
Include key milestones, significant developments in breeding
practices, technological advancements, and shifts in consumer
demand over different time periods. The diagram should effectively
highlight how each phase has contributed to the overall landscape
of swine production today.
Group 2: Breeds of Swine

Provide a detailed overview of at least five (5) local breeds


of swine, highlighting their unique characteristics and traits that
distinguish them from one another. In addition, include a list of
five (5) exotic swine breeds, elaborating on their distinctive
features, advantages, and any notable qualities that make them
stand out in the realm of livestock.
Group 3: Swine Facilities

Give at least five (5) distinct advantages and disadvantages


of Sow Facilities, which are designed for the breeding and raising of
swine, in comparison to Market Swine Facilities, which focus on the
growth and preparation of swine for the market. Please provide
specific insights into aspects such as animal health, operational
efficiency, cost implications, and overall productivity.
QUIZ!

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