Date- 07/03/2025

Chapter -01 (Communication skills)

Session 01- Methods of Communication
Answer in Brief

1. What do you mean by a channel in the communication process?

A channel in the communication process refers to the medium or pathway through which a message is
transmitted from the sender to the receiver. It can be verbal (spoken words), non-verbal (body language,
gestures), or written (emails, letters, messages). Examples include telephone, television, social media,
and face-to-face conversation.
2. What is the process of sharing information called?
The process of sharing information is called communication. It involves the exchange of ideas,
thoughts, or messages between individuals or groups through various mediums like speech, writing, or
gestures.
3. What is the purpose of making a poster?
The purpose of making a poster is to visually communicate important messages, spread awareness, or
promote an idea, product, or event. Posters are designed to attract attention and convey information
effectively using images, slogans, and minimal text.
4. What do you mean by the term 'decoding'?
Decoding is the process by which the receiver interprets or understands the message sent by the sender.
It involves converting symbols, words, or gestures into meaningful information. Effective decoding
ensures that the message is understood correctly.

Answer in Detail

1. Make a list of different methods of communication. Which of these do you think is most effective?

The different methods of communication are:

o Verbal Communication: Speaking, telephone calls, video calls.

o Non-Verbal Communication: Body language, facial expressions, gestures.
o Written Communication: Emails, letters, reports, social media posts.
o Visual Communication: Posters, infographics, presentations.
o Digital Communication: Emails, chat messages, social media, video conferencing.

Most Effective Method:

The most effective method depends on the situation. However, verbal communication (face-to-face or
video calls) is often considered the most effective because it allows immediate feedback, reduces
misunderstandings, and conveys emotions effectively.

2. What is feedback? Have you ever given feedback to someone for improvement of something?
What was its result?

Definition:
Feedback is the response or reaction of the receiver to the sender’s message. It helps in understanding
whether the message was received and interpreted correctly. Feedback can be positive (appreciation,
agreement) or negative (suggestions for improvement). It plays a crucial role in effective
communication.

Personal Experience Example:

Yes, I have given feedback to someone. For example, I once provided feedback to a student on their
presentation skills. I pointed out their strengths and suggested improving their body language and voice
modulation. As a result, the student worked on these aspects and performed much better in the next
presentation. This showed that constructive feedback helps in learning and improvement.
Session 2- Verbal communication

Answer in Brief

1. Define verbal communication.

Verbal communication is the process of exchanging information using spoken or written words. It
includes face-to-face conversations, phone calls, speeches, presentations, and written messages like
emails and letters.

Example: A teacher explaining a concept in class is verbal communication.

2. Give the type of communication in which the senior discusses issues with the juniors.
This type of communication is called downward communication, where information flows from a
senior (higher authority) to juniors (subordinates).

Example: A manager giving instructions to employees.

3. What do you mean by active listening?

Active listening means paying full attention to the speaker, understanding their message, and
responding appropriately. It involves eye contact, nodding, asking questions, and avoiding
distractions.

Example: A student attentively listening to a teacher and asking relevant questions shows active
listening.

Answer in Detail

1. Differentiate between intrapersonal and interpersonal communication.

Feature Intrapersonal Communication Interpersonal Communication

Communication with oneself (self-talk,
Definition Communication between two or more people.
reflection).
Helps in self-analysis, decision-making, and Used for exchanging ideas, emotions, or
Purpose
self-motivation. information.
Thinking about your daily tasks in your
Example Talking to a friend about a school project.
mind.
Verbal (spoken/written) or non-verbal
Medium Internal thoughts, writing a journal.
(gestures, expressions).

2. Give any two advantages of verbal communication.

Advantage 1: Quick and Efficient

o Verbal communication allows immediate feedback and clarification, making it faster than
written communication.
o Example: In a meeting, employees can instantly respond to their manager’s instructions.

Advantage 2: Helps in Expressing Emotions Clearly

o Tone, pitch, and voice modulation help convey emotions effectively, which is difficult in
written communication.
o Example: A teacher praising a student verbally creates a motivational impact.
Session 3- Non-Verbal Communication

Answer in Brief

1. Which type of written communication is very fast?

Electronic communication (such as emails, instant messaging, and SMS) is the fastest form of written
communication. It allows instant delivery of messages across the world.
2. Which communication is not bound to any formality: written or non-verbal?
Non-verbal communication is not bound to any formality. It includes gestures, facial expressions,
body language, and eye contact, which are spontaneous and do not follow a structured format like
written communication.
3. Why do people take great cautions in written communication?
People take great caution in written communication because it creates a permanent record, can be used
as legal proof, and requires clarity to avoid misunderstandings. Errors in written communication can
lead to confusion, misinterpretation, or even legal consequences.

Answer in Detail

1. Draw any five traffic signs used for visual communication. Explain what each of them conveys.

Traffic signs are a form of visual communication used to guide and regulate road users. Below are
five important traffic signs:

o Stop Sign 🚦: This red, octagonal sign instructs vehicles to come to a complete stop before
proceeding.
o Speed Limit Sign 🚗💨: Indicates the maximum permissible speed on a road.
o Pedestrian Crossing Sign 🚶♂️: Alerts drivers to a pedestrian crossing ahead, instructing them
to slow down.
o No Parking Sign ❌🅿️: Restricts vehicles from parking in a designated area.
o U-turn Prohibited Sign 🔄❌: Warns drivers that making a U-turn is not allowed.
2. Draw four facial expressions used for non-verbal communication.

Facial expressions convey emotions without words. Here are four common expressions:

o Smiling Face 😊: Indicates happiness or friendliness.

o Sad Face 😞: Shows disappointment or sorrow.
o Angry Face 😠: Expresses frustration or anger.
o Surprised Face 😲: Reflects shock or amazement.

Session 4- IMPORTANCE OF FEEDBACK

Answer in Brief

1. Define positive feedback.

Positive feedback is the response given to appreciate or encourage someone's efforts, actions, or
performance. It highlights strengths and motivates improvement.
Example: "Your presentation was well-structured and engaging. Keep up the good work!"
 2. Why is it important to be polite while giving feedback?
Being polite while giving feedback ensures that the receiver feels encouraged rather than discouraged. It
promotes a positive learning environment, helps in improvement, and prevents misunderstandings or
negative reactions.

3. Give an example of specific feedback.

Example: Instead of saying "Your work is good," say "Your report was well-organized with clear
headings and relevant examples. You can improve further by adding more data points."

Answer in Detail

1. What is the importance of feedback?

Feedback is important because:

o It helps in learning and improvement by identifying strengths and areas for growth.
o It ensures effective communication, making sure the message is understood as intended.
o It motivates and boosts confidence, especially when given constructively.
o It fosters personal and professional development by guiding individuals toward better
performance.
o It helps in error correction, leading to better decision-making and outcomes.

Example: In a classroom, when a teacher provides feedback on a student’s answer, it helps them
understand mistakes and learn better.

2. What type of feedback is considered good? Give an example in support of your answer.

Good feedback is:

o Specific (focuses on particular areas)

o Constructive (helps in improvement rather than just pointing out faults)
o Polite and encouraging (motivates rather than discourages)
o Timely (given when it is still relevant)

Example of good feedback:

o Instead of saying: "Your speech was bad,"

o Say: "Your speech had great content, but try to speak a little louder and maintain eye contact to
make it more engaging."

Why is this good feedback? It highlights strengths and suggests improvements without being harsh,
encouraging the receiver to improve positively.

Session 5- BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

Answer in Detail

1. Define a barrier to communication.

A barrier to communication is any factor that prevents the effective exchange of ideas, thoughts, or
information between a sender and a receiver. These barriers can lead to misunderstandings, confusion, or lack
of clarity in communication. Barriers can be of different types, such as language barriers, psychological
barriers, cultural barriers, physical barriers, and organizational barriers.
Example: If two people speak different languages, they may struggle to understand each other, causing a
language barrier.

2. What is a language barrier to communication?

A language barrier occurs when people communicating with each other do not share a common language or
have difficulty understanding the words, phrases, or accents used. This can lead to confusion, misinterpretation,
or even complete failure of communication.

Causes of Language Barriers:

 Speaking different native languages

 Use of complex vocabulary or jargon
 Strong accents or different dialects
 Poor grammar or incorrect sentence structure

Example: A tourist visiting a foreign country might find it difficult to communicate with locals if they do not
speak the same language.

3. Give one way to overcome an emotional barrier.

One effective way to overcome an emotional barrier is by practicing active listening.

How Active Listening Helps:

 It encourages open and honest communication.

 It makes the speaker feel valued and understood.
 It helps in overcoming fear, anxiety, or nervousness.

Example: A student feeling nervous about asking questions in class can be encouraged by a teacher who listens
patiently and responds positively, making the student feel comfortable.

4. Define the term "concise."

The term concise means expressing information in a clear and brief manner, using fewer words without
unnecessary details while still conveying the complete message.

Importance of Being Concise:

 Saves time for both the sender and receiver.

 Prevents confusion and makes communication more effective.
 Keeps the message to the point and easy to understand.

Example:

 Lengthy Message: "I would like to inform you that the meeting has been scheduled for tomorrow at 10:00 AM
in the conference room, and I kindly request your presence."
 Concise Message: "The meeting is tomorrow at 10:00 AM in the conference room. Please attend."
5. What are the seven Cs of communication?

The Seven Cs of Communication are key principles that help in making communication effective, clear, and
professional. They are:

1. Clarity – The message should be clear and easy to understand.

2. Conciseness – The message should be brief and to the point.
3. Correctness – The message should be free from errors in grammar, spelling, and facts.
4. Courtesy – The message should be polite and respectful.
5. Concreteness – The message should be specific and detailed rather than vague.
6. Consideration – The message should be audience-centered, considering their needs and emotions.
7. Completeness – The message should provide all the necessary details and information.

6. Why do we need the seven Cs of communication?

The Seven Cs of Communication are essential because they:

 Ensure that the message is clear and easily understood.

 Reduce the chances of miscommunication and misunderstandings.
 Help maintain professionalism in verbal and written communication.
 Improve relationships in personal, academic, and professional settings.
 Increase the effectiveness of instructions, feedback, and discussions.

Example:
In a job interview, a candidate who speaks clearly, concisely, and politely using correct language will make a
better impression than one who communicates poorly.

Answer in Detail

1. Write down the communication barriers you may come across when you move to a city that
you are not familiar with its culture and language.

When moving to a new city, especially one with a different culture and language, several communication
barriers can arise:

1. Language Barrier – If you do not understand the local language, it can be difficult to communicate with
people in daily life.
2. Cultural Differences – Every place has different traditions, behaviors, and social norms, which can
cause misunderstandings.
3. Accent and Dialect Issues – Even if you speak the same language, regional accents or dialects can
make communication difficult.
4. Psychological Barrier – Being in an unfamiliar environment might make you nervous or hesitant to
interact with locals.
5. Non-Verbal Misinterpretation – Gestures and body language vary across cultures, and some actions
might be misunderstood.

Example:
If someone from Uttarakhand moves to Tamil Nadu and does not know Tamil, they may find it difficult to
communicate with shopkeepers, landlords, and local people.

2. Give an example of an emotional barrier to communication that you came across. What was its result?

Example:
A student in my class was afraid to ask questions because they feared being judged by their classmates. As a
result, they did not clarify their doubts, which affected their performance in exams.
Result:
Since the student did not overcome their fear, they struggled with understanding concepts, leading to lower
grades. Later, when they received encouragement and support, they gained confidence and started participating
actively.

3. What is effective communication?

Effective communication means exchanging information in a clear, accurate, and understandable way so that
the message is received as intended.

Key Features of Effective Communication:

 Clear and Simple Language – Avoids confusion and misinterpretation.

 Active Listening – Ensures both parties understand each other.
 Proper Tone and Body Language – Enhances the message’s impact.
 Timely Feedback – Helps in correcting mistakes and improving understanding.

Example:
A teacher explaining a concept using simple words and visual aids ensures that students understand better
compared to a teacher who uses difficult terms and speaks too fast.

4. Why is courteous communication very effective?

Courteous communication means speaking in a respectful, polite, and professional manner. It is effective
because:

 It helps in building strong relationships in personal and professional life.

 It ensures that the receiver feels valued and respected.
 It creates a positive environment for discussion and feedback.
 It reduces the chances of conflict or misunderstanding.

Example:
If a teacher tells a student, "You made a mistake in your answer, but I appreciate your effort. Keep practicing,
and you’ll improve!" – this polite feedback encourages the student to improve.

On the other hand, if the teacher says, "Your answer is completely wrong!" in a rude tone, the student may feel
discouraged and lose confidence.

Session 6-Writing skills-Parts of Speech

Answer in Brief

1. Define noun giving an example.

A noun is a word that represents a person, place, thing, or idea.
Example: Ravi is reading a book. (Here, Ravi is a person, and book is a thing.)
2. Name five words that begin with a vowel sound.
o Apple
o Elephant
o Orange
o Umbrella
o Ice
3. Give four examples of conjunctions.
o And
 o But
o Because
o Although
4. Give three common prepositions of time and place.
Prepositions of Time: in, on, at
Prepositions of Place: under, between, behind
5. Give four examples of verbs.
o Eat
o Write
o Jump
o Run
6. Give four examples of object pronouns.
o Me
o Him
o Her
o Us

Answer in Detail

1. Write four examples of verbs. Now use them in your own sentences.

Examples of verbs:

o Speak
o Dance
o Play
o Study

Sentences:

o She speaks English fluently.

o The children dance gracefully.
o We play cricket every Sunday.
o He studies hard for his exams.

2. Give four examples of adjectives. Now use them in your own sentences.

Examples of adjectives:

o Beautiful
o Tall
o Fast
o Intelligent

Sentences:

o She is wearing a beautiful dress.

o The tall man reached the top shelf easily.
o He is a fast runner.
o She is an intelligent student.

3. What is the use of conjunctions?

Conjunctions are used to connect words, phrases, or sentences, making communication smoother and
more structured.
 Uses of Conjunctions:

o To join words: Ravi and Rohan are friends.

o To join phrases: I like reading books but dislike watching TV.
o To join clauses: She went to the market because she needed groceries.

4. Give one example of each:

a) ‘in’ as a preposition of place and time:

o Place: The books are in the bag.

o Time: I was born in July.

b) ‘on’ as a preposition of place and time:

o Place: The keys are on the table.

o Time: We have a holiday on Monday.

5. Which of these are conjunctions— over, because, on, but, across, besides, at, until?
Conjunctions from the given list:
o Because
o But
o Besides
o Until

Other words are not conjunctions:

o Over, on, across, at → These are prepositions.

SESSION 7- WRITING SKILLS- SENTENCES

Answer in Brief

1. Write an imperative sentence.

o Please close the door quietly.

(Imperative sentences give commands, requests, or instructions.)

2. Write a negative assertive sentence.

o I do not like spicy food.

(Assertive sentences state facts, and a negative assertive sentence includes "not" or "never.")

3. Express your sadness by writing an exclamatory sentence.

o Oh no! I lost my favorite book!

(Exclamatory sentences express strong emotions.)

4. Write a passive sentence in past simple tense of verb.

o The letter was written by John.

(Past simple passive: was/were + past participle of the verb.)

5. Write a sentence in passive voice using the modal 'must'.

o The rules must be followed by everyone.
 (Passive voice with a modal: modal (must) + be + past participle.)

6. What is the first sentence of a paragraph called?

o The first sentence of a paragraph is called the topic sentence.

(It introduces the main idea of the paragraph.)

Answer in Detail

1. Write a paragraph on the topic "My Favourite Sport" in active voice.

My Favourite Sport

My favorite sport is cricket. I play cricket every evening with my friends in the park. I love batting because it
gives me a chance to score runs. My friends enjoy bowling, and they try their best to get me out. We follow the
rules of the game strictly. Watching cricket matches on TV also excites me. My favorite cricketer is Virat
Kohli, and I admire his dedication to the sport. Playing cricket keeps me active and healthy. It also teaches me
teamwork and discipline.

2. Write a paragraph on the topic "My Pet Dog" in passive voice.

My Pet Dog

A beautiful pet dog is owned by me. He is named Bruno. He is taken for a walk every morning and evening.
His food is given at the right time every day. Bruno is loved by everyone in my family. He is trained to obey
simple commands. His vaccinations are completed on time. He is treated like a family member. His loyalty
and affection are appreciated by all.

(This paragraph is written in passive voice, where the focus is on the action rather than the doer.)

3. Write the kinds of sentences giving one example of each.

There are four kinds of sentences:

1. Declarative (Assertive) Sentence – It states a fact.

o The sun rises in the east.
2. Interrogative Sentence – It asks a question.
o Where do you live?
3. Imperative Sentence – It gives a command, request, or instruction.
o Please help me with my homework.
4. Exclamatory Sentence – It expresses strong emotions.
o Wow! That was an amazing performance!

END