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Assignment 4 Sem2 2024-25

The document is an assignment for Applied Physics-II focusing on Band Theory of Solids, covering topics such as energy bands, conductors, insulators, semiconductors, the Kronig-Penney model, Brillouin zones, effective mass of electrons, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, p-n junctions, and various semiconductor phenomena. It includes specific questions and calculations related to these concepts, aiming to deepen understanding of solid-state physics. Additionally, it addresses practical applications like Zener diodes and voltage regulation.

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7 views2 pages

Assignment 4 Sem2 2024-25

The document is an assignment for Applied Physics-II focusing on Band Theory of Solids, covering topics such as energy bands, conductors, insulators, semiconductors, the Kronig-Penney model, Brillouin zones, effective mass of electrons, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, p-n junctions, and various semiconductor phenomena. It includes specific questions and calculations related to these concepts, aiming to deepen understanding of solid-state physics. Additionally, it addresses practical applications like Zener diodes and voltage regulation.

Uploaded by

virtualvoygers
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Applied Physics-II(BS-106)

(2024-2025)
ASSIGNMENT-4
Unit-4Band Theory of Solid(CO4)

Q1(a) Define an energy band. Which fundamental concept accounts for the existence of energy
bands in a solid instead of energy levels?

(b) Distinguish between conductors, insulators and semiconductors on the basis of band
theory
(c) Why are some solids transparent to visible light, while others are opaque?

Q2. Explain the Kronig-Penney (KP) model for the motion of electrons in a periodic potential
and hence show that E vs k curve is not a continuous curve

Q3(a). What are Brillouin zones? Sketch the first two Brillouin zones for a two-dimensional
square lattice.
(b). Consider a two-dimensional square lattice of side 0.2nm. At what electron momentum
value do the sides of first Brillouin Zone appear? What is the energy of free electron with this
momentum?
Q3 (a). What do you mean by the effective mass of an electron?
(b). The energy near the top of valence band of a crystal is given by E=-Ak2, where A=10-
39 Jm2. An electron with wave vector k= 1010kˆ m-1 is removed from an orbital in the completely
x
filled valence band. Find the effective mass, momentum and energy of the hole.
(c). For an intrinsic semiconductor having a band gap Eg= 0.7 eV, calculate the density
of holes and electrons at room temperature (270 C).
(d). Q4 (a) Distinguish between Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor
(b) Show that the Fermi energy lies midway between the conduction band and valence band
for the intrinsic semiconductor.
(c) For Cu at 1000K, find the energy at which the probability f(E) that a conduction electron
state will be occupied is 0.90 (Fermi Energy of Cu =7eV)

Q5(a). What is a p-n junction? How potential barrier is formed in a p-n junction diode?
(b) A P-N junction silicon diode conducts 240mA current when a forward voltage 0.8 Volts is
applied. (i) Find current for forward voltage of 0.7 Volts (ii) Reverse Saturation current
(c)In a voltage regulator a 12V Zener Diode is connected in series with a resistor of 150Ώ. .A
load resistance of 1KΏ is connected in parallel with diode. If minimum Zener Current is zero
and maximum Zener Current is 20mA. Calculate the operating range of input voltage.
Q6. Write short notes on:
(a) Fermi level and Fermi energy
(b) Avalanche breakdown and Zener breakdown
(c) Photo diode and Tunnel diode
(d) Energy level diagram for intrinsic and doped semiconductors

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