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IGCSE_Programming_Summary

The document provides an overview of programming essentials for IGCSE Computer Science, covering key programming languages such as Python, Visual Basic, and Java. It outlines core concepts including data use, sequence, selection, iteration, and basic data types, as well as input/output handling, operators, procedures, functions, scope, arrays, and file handling. The summary emphasizes the importance of understanding these foundational elements for effective programming.

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2 views

IGCSE_Programming_Summary

The document provides an overview of programming essentials for IGCSE Computer Science, covering key programming languages such as Python, Visual Basic, and Java. It outlines core concepts including data use, sequence, selection, iteration, and basic data types, as well as input/output handling, operators, procedures, functions, scope, arrays, and file handling. The summary emphasizes the importance of understanding these foundational elements for effective programming.

Uploaded by

hasith
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IGCSE Computer Science - Programming Summary

Chapter 8: Programming Essentials

Programming Languages Used:

- Python - General-purpose, open-source language using IDLE.

- Visual Basic - Common Windows-based language using Visual Studio.

- Java - Widely used, commercial language using BlueJ.

Core Programming Concepts:

1. Data Use - Variables, constants, arrays.

2. Sequence - Order of execution.

3. Selection - Decision making (IF, CASE).

4. Iteration - Repetition (FOR, WHILE, REPEAT).

5. Operator Use - Arithmetic, logical, Boolean.

Variables & Constants

- Variable: A named data store whose value can change.

- Constant: A named data store whose value does not change during execution.

Basic Data Types

- Integer: Whole numbers.

- Real: Numbers with decimal points.

- Char: A single character.

- String: Sequence of characters.

- Boolean: TRUE or FALSE.


IGCSE Computer Science - Programming Summary

Input & Output

- All inputs are strings by default; use typecasting (e.g., int(), float()).

- Outputs should be accompanied by clear messages for users.

Sequence, Selection, Iteration

Sequence: Correct order is essential.

Selection: Use IF/CASE to choose different paths.

Iteration:

- Count-controlled: FOR loops.

- Condition-controlled: WHILE (pre-condition), REPEAT (post-condition).

Counting & Totaling

- Counting: Incrementing values.

- Totaling: Accumulating sums.

- Similar in Python, VB; slightly different in Java.

String Handling

- Length: Number of characters in a string.

- Substring: Extracting parts of a string.

- Upper/Lower: Change case of characters.

Operators

- Arithmetic: +, -, *, /

- Logical: AND, OR, NOT


IGCSE Computer Science - Programming Summary

- Boolean: Conditions returning TRUE or FALSE.

Procedures & Functions

- Procedure: Reusable block of code (no return value).

- Function: Reusable block of code that returns a value.

- Known as:

- Python: void/fruitful functions

- VB: subroutines/functions

- Java: methods

Scope: Local vs Global

- Local: Accessible only within its block.

- Global: Accessible throughout the program.

Library Routines

- MOD: Remainder

- DIV: Quotient

- ROUND: Rounds value

- RANDOM: Returns a random number

Arrays

- One-Dimensional: A list (e.g., index 0-9).

- Two-Dimensional: A table (e.g., rows and columns).


IGCSE Computer Science - Programming Summary

File Handling

- Data stored in files persists after program ends.

- Operations:

- Open for read/write

- Write/Read line

- Close file

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