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Nanoelectronics

This document discusses nanotechnology, focusing on single-electron and few-electron phenomena, including tunnel junctions and the Coulomb Blockade. It also touches on the origins of quantum mechanics, highlighting key experiments like the photoelectric effect and Young's double-slit experiment. The content emphasizes the relationship between quantum mechanics and electron behavior in nanodevices.

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mitalimeshram4
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6 views31 pages

Nanoelectronics

This document discusses nanotechnology, focusing on single-electron and few-electron phenomena, including tunnel junctions and the Coulomb Blockade. It also touches on the origins of quantum mechanics, highlighting key experiments like the photoelectric effect and Young's double-slit experiment. The content emphasizes the relationship between quantum mechanics and electron behavior in nanodevices.

Uploaded by

mitalimeshram4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NANOELECTRONICS

ENT458-1 (Module: 2)
2

MODULE-2
Single–Electron and Few Electron phenomena
and Devices: Tunnel junctions and applications
of tunneling, Coulomb Blockade and the single
electron Transistor, Other SET and FET
structures
3

TIME-INDEPENDENT SCHRODINGER’S EQUATION

For a particle of mass m in a potential V ( r, t), Schrodinger’s equation is

Consider the wave function in a product form

Substituting this in Schrodinger’s equation will yield

How can a function of position but not time be equal to a function of time but
not position???
4

Both side will get equal when a constant is added with “E” i.e energy
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ORIGINS OF QUANTUM MECHANICS

In 1887, Heinrich Hertz observed what came to be known as the


photoelectric effect. Stated briefly, if light is incident on a metal,
some energy carried by the light can be transferred to electrons at the
metal’s surface, and they then may have enough energy to escape
from the metal. Classical electromagnetic theory (itself a relatively
new discipline at the time) considers light as an electromagnetic
wave, and the energy carried by the wave only depends on its
amplitude (or intensity), not on its frequency. So if light is indeed a
wave phenomenon, experiments should show that the energy of
photo-emitted electrons increases as the intensity of the light
increases.
In 1801, Thomas Young performed his famous double-slit experiment, showing
evidence for the wave theory of light by demonstrating interference. He was
motivated by his earlier work with sound waves, which are known to interfere
with each other.
1 km =0.6214 miles

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