Libon Community College

Libon, Albay

FS 1 EPISODE 9
Observations of Teaching-Learning in Actual School Environment)

Trisha Mae Onesa

BSEd Social Studies IV

OBSERVE, ANALYZE, REFLECT

Activity 10.1 - Demonstrating and Understanding of Research-Based Knowledge Principles of

Teaching and Learning.

Resource Teacher: Mr. Joel P. Camoral Teacher’s Signature: _______ School: PGCHS
Grade/Year Level: Grade 7 Subject Area :AP Date : November 19, 2024

OBSERVE

Observe a class with the use of the principles of learning given in the Revisit the Learning
Essentials. I will identify evidence of applications/violations of the principles of learning. I can cite
more than one evidence per principle of learning.

Principles of Learning What did the Resource Teacher do to apply

the principles of learning
1. Effective learning begins with the This evident in the lesson plan that prepared
setting of clear and high expectations by the teacher where objectives are presented
of learning outcomes. before the lesson proper
2. Learning is an active process The teacher prepared contextualized
interactive activities.

3. Learning is the discovery of personal The teacher give some sentence or topic the
meaning and relevance of ideas. she told the students to write their own ideas
or thoughts about the topic . The students
wrote their personal understanding about their
topic and what they wrote must be relevant to
the idea that they mean to express.
4. Learning is a cooperative and The teacher grouped them into 6 groups and
collaborative process. Learning is after that the teacher gave them a topic that
enhanced in an atmosphere of were going to discuss and after that the
cooperation and collaboration. student can share their own ideas about their
topic.

ANALYZE

1. What principles of learning were most applied?

Most Applied: In the context of educational practices, certain principles of learning are often more
effectively applied than others. Active engagement stands out as a frequently utilized principle, as teachers
encourage students to participate through discussions, hands-on activities, and collaborative projects. This
fosters a deeper understanding of the material.
Least Applied: Conversely, principles such as individual differences and metacognition are often less
emphasized. There is a tendency to overlook the diverse learning styles and needs of students, resulting in a
one-size-fits-all approach. Additionally, opportunities for students to reflect on their learning processes are
limited, which can hinder their ability to develop self-awareness and critical thinking skills.

REFLECT

From among the principles of learning, which one do you think is the most important?

Among the principles of learning, active engagement is arguably the most important. When students actively
participate in their learning process through discussions, hands-on activities, and collaborative projects, they
not only retain information better but also develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills. This principle
fosters a deeper understanding and stimulates curiosity, making learning more meaningful and enjoyable for
students.

Activity 9.2 - Identifying Learning Outcomes that are Aligned with Learning Competencies

OBSERVE
Observe a class, this time focusing on how the learning outcomes were stated. Determine if the lerning
outcome/s was/were achieved or not. Give evidence.

A. Write the learning outcomes stated in the lesson.

SMART Achieved
Learning Outcomes Objectives?
Yes No Yes No
1. Differentiated the types of flour / /
2. Identify the utensils and equipment that use / /
in baking/cooking
3. Explain the importance of kneading / /
technique.

B. Cite pieces of evidence that these learning outcomes were achieved.

A. Students participated in a project where they researched and presented on

significant historical events in the Philippines.
B. Students engaged in debates on current socio-political issues affecting the
Philippines, showcasing their ability to analyze multiple perspectives and
articulate informed arguments.
C. Reflective essays on their experiences indicated a greater awareness of their
roles as responsible citizens and the importance of active participation in
democracy
ANALYZE
1. Do SMART objectives make the lesson more focused?
Yes, SMART objectives significantly enhance lesson focus. By being Specific, Measurable, Achievable,
Relevant, and Time-bound, these objectives provide clear direction for both teachers and students. They clarify
expectations, enable effective assessment of learning outcomes, and keep the instructional process aligned
with educational goals. This structured approach fosters an engaging learning environment where students can
track their progress and achievements.

REFLECT

Lessons learned in determining SMART learning outcomes.

Determining SMART learning outcomes has provided valuable insights into effective teaching strategies.
Firstly, crafting Specific objectives clarified the focus of each lesson, ensuring that both students and educators
understood the desired results. The Measurable aspect allowed for the evaluation of student progress through
assessments, fostering accountability. Ensuring that objectives are Achievable motivated students by setting
realistic goals. The Relevant criteria aligned lessons with students' interests and real-world applications,
enhancing engagement. Lastly, establishing a Time-bound framework helped in managing lesson pacing and
ensuring timely completion of objectives. Overall, these principles have transformed lesson planning into a
more structured and impactful process.

Activity 9.3 - Distinguishing Between Inductive and Deductive Methods of Teaching

OBSERVE

I will observe one Resource Teacher with the use of this observation sheet. Using the guide questions, I
will reflect on my observations and analysis.

Teacher-centered Student-centered

Did teacher lecture all the time? Were students involved in the teaching-
learning process? How? Or were they mere
passive recipients of instruction?

- The students are involved in the teaching

learning process. This is very observable
because the students are participative.

Was the emphasis on the mastery of the Was the emphasis on the student’s application
lesson or on the test? Prove. of the lesson in real life? Give proofs.
 - The emphasis of the students application of
the lesson is in real life because most of the
time the teacher are contextualizing the
discussion.

Was class atmosphere competitive? Why? Was class atmosphere collaborative? Why?

- The class atmosphere is most collaborative

because students and teachers are freely to
share their ideas.

Did teacher focus only on one Did teacher connect lesson to other
discipline/subject? disciplines/subjects?

- Yes.

What teaching-learning practice shows that teaching approach was:

1. Constructivist - connected to past experiences of learners; learners constructed new

lesson meanings

- The teacher relates the lesson to the experiences of the learners which serves as a guide in
formulating new learning or concepts.

2. Inquiry-based

- The teacher provides activities to the students the leading to the new topic. The students will
be the one to discover while the teacher is guiding them.

3. Developmentally appropriate - learning activities fit the developmental stage of children

- The teacher prepared activities that is suitable to the learners learning styles and their skills
and capabilities.

4. Reflective

- The teacher always gives the students time to express their idea about the lesson. It was
sometimes included the activity sheets.

5. Inclusive - No learner was excluded; teacher taught everybody

- The class have a harmonious relationship since the teacher shows concern about this student.
She makes sure that everybody is giving attention regardless of his/her status.
 6. Collaborative - students work together

- Thought we are in the pandemic and students’ collaboration is not so evident, still the teacher
provides some activities that will at least give students a chance to help and collaborative with
one another.

7. Integrative - Lesson was multidisciplinary - e.g. In Science, Math concepts were taught.

- The teacher relates the lesson not just in the subject she was teaching in other subjects, like in
personal development. It is observable on the activities and examples that she gives to her
students.

ANALYZE

1. What possible consequences of teaching purely subject matter for mastery and for the test?

Teaching purely for subject matter mastery and test preparation can lead to superficial learning, where
students memorize information without understanding its application. This approach may result in increased
anxiety surrounding assessments, reduced motivation, and a lack of critical thinking skills, ultimately hindering
students' ability to apply knowledge in real-world situations.

2. If you were to reteach the classes you observed, would you be teacher-centered or student-
centered?

Why?

If I were to reteach the classes I observed, I would adopt a student-centered approach. This method
encourages active participation, allowing students to engage deeply with the material and collaborate with
peers. By fostering a supportive learning environment, students can express their thoughts and questions,
enhancing their critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Additionally, a student-centered approach caters to
diverse learning styles, promoting inclusivity and motivation. Ultimately, this strategy nurtures lifelong learners,
equipping them with the skills needed for success beyond the classroom.

REFLECT

The principles of teaching play a vital role in shaping effective educational experiences. They provide a
framework that guides educators in delivering content in a way that fosters comprehension and retention. For
instance, active learning promotes engagement, encouraging students to take ownership of their learning
journey. Differentiation ensures that instruction meets the diverse needs of all learners, allowing everyone to
thrive. Moreover, the principle of scaffolding supports students as they progress through challenging material,
building confidence and competence. Ultimately, these principles create a conducive learning environment that
not only enhances academic performance but also cultivates critical thinking and lifelong learning skills
essential for future success.