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Lab Report of AI2

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6 views8 pages

Lab Report of AI2

Uploaded by

mdsourovahmed7
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Experiment No.

1: Deduction Based on Food Preferences

Statement of the Program:


Write a PROLOG program to deduce what kinds of food Priya and Pranab like based on properties
like being delicious or spicy.

Solution of the Program:


We define facts describing the food (e.g., whether it is delicious or spicy) and define rules for what
Priya and Pranab like based on those food properties.

PROLOG Code:
% Facts
delicious(cakes).
delicious(pickles).
delicious(biryani).
spicy(pickles).
relishes(priya,coffee).

% Rules
likes(priya,Food) :- delicious(Food).
likes(pranab,Food) :- spicy(Food), delicious(Food).
%?- delicious(Food).

Observation.
Experiment No. 2: Student-Teacher-Subject Relationship

Statement of the Program:


Create a PROLOG program to relate students and teachers through the subjects they study and teach.

Solution of the Program:


We define who is a student and teacher, what subjects they are associated with, and create a rule that
connects a student and teacher via a common subject.

PROLOG Code:

% Facts
student(john).
student(sara).
teacher(mr_smith).
teacher(ms_clark).

studies(john,math).
studies(sara,science).

teaches(mr_smith,math).
teaches(ms_clark,science).

% Rules
teaches_subject_to(Teacher, Student, Subject) :-
teacher(Teacher),
student(Student),
teaches(Teacher, Subject),
studies(Student, Subject).

Observation.

Experiment No. 3: Family Relationships

Statement of the Program:


Write a PROLOG program to describe family relationships including parents, siblings, and
grandparents.

Solution of the Program:


Facts are created for parenthood and gender. Rules use logic to infer additional family relations.
PROLOG Code:

parent(john, mary).
parent(jane, mary).
parent(john, mike).
parent(jane, mike).
parent(mary, alice).
parent(tom, alice).

male(john).
male(mike).
male(tom).

female(jane).
female(mary).
female(alice).

% Rules
father(X, Y) :- parent(X, Y), male(X).
mother(X, Y) :- parent(X, Y), female(X).
sibling(X, Y) :- parent(Z, X), parent(Z, Y), X \= Y.
grandparent(X, Y) :- parent(X, Z), parent(Z, Y).

Observation.

Experiment No. 4: Understanding PROLOG Terminology

Statement of the Program:


Learn the concepts of facts, rules, queries, and logical deduction in PROLOG.
Solution of the Program:
This experiment builds a foundational understanding. Examples are derived from previous
experiments.

Experiment No. 5: Using Variables and Querying Facts

Statement of the Program:


Write a PROLOG program to store car brand, color, and type. Query using variables to get details.

Solution of the Program:


We define facts for cars and add a rule to identify eco-friendly (electric) vehicles.

PROLOG Code:

car(maruti, white).
car(fiat, black).
car(tesla, red).

Observation.
Agin:
Code;
% ----------- Knowledge Base (Facts) -----------
% car(Brand, Color, Type).

car(maruti, white, sedan).


car(fiat, black, hatchback).
car(tesla, red, electric).
car(toyota, white, suv).
car(honda, black, sedan).

% ----------- Rule: Eco-friendly Cars -----------


% Electric cars are considered eco-friendly.

eco_friendly(Car) :-
car(Car, _, electric).

%Query:
%?- car(_, Color, _).
%?- car(Brand, black, _).
%?- car(Brand, white, sedan).
%?- car(Brand, _, Type).
%?- eco_friendly(Brand).
%?- car(_, _, Type).
%?- car(Brand, red, _).

Observation.
% ----- Facts -----
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

% ----- Rules -----


p :- a, b, c.
p :- d, e, f.
p :- (a, b -> c ; (d, e, f)).

%query
%?-p.

Observation.

● .

Previous class work question:(Just practice)

Lab 2:
Code:

% Facts
man(marcus).
pompeian(marcus).
roman(X) :- pompeian(X). % All Pompeians are Romans
ruler(caesar).
tried_to_assassinate(marcus, caesar).

% Rules
% Clauses for hates/2
hates(X, Y) :- tried_to_assassinate(X, Y), ruler(Y). % People hate rulers they try to assassinate
hates(X, caesar) :- roman(X), \+ loyal_to(X, caesar). % Romans hate Caesar if they are not loyal

% Clauses for loyal_to/2


loyal_to(X, caesar) :- roman(X), \+ hates(X, caesar). % Romans are loyal if they do not hate
loyal_to(X, someone) :- man(X), X \= caesar. % Everyone is loyal to someone (not necessarily
Caesar)

%query
%?-hates(marcus, caesar).
%?-loyal_to(marcus, caesar).

Result:
Lab-3:

Code:
% Facts
greek(aristotle).
greek(plato).
student(plato, aristotle).
born(aristotle, -348). % -348 represents 348 BC
lifespan(human, 120).

% Rules
is_greek(X) :- greek(X).
is_alive(X, Year) :-
born(X, BirthYear),
lifespan(human, Lifespan),
DeathYear is BirthYear + Lifespan,
Year =< DeathYear.
% Queries
% ?- is_greek(plato). % To check if Plato was a Greek
% ?- is_alive(plato, 2024). % To check if Plato is alive in 2024

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