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Intro To Basic Operations of Computer

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10 views4 pages

Intro To Basic Operations of Computer

Uploaded by

marynamutanda12
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LESSON

SIX
INTRODUCTION TO BASIC
OPERATIONS OF A
COMPUTER
TOPIC OBJECTIVES
AT THE END OF THIS TOPIC, YOU SHOULD…
1. Know the four basic operations of a computer
2. Illustrate the basic operations of a computer
3. Identify and explain each operation of the computer
4. Identify and explain which devices are used for each of the
four basic operations.
6. BASIC OPERATIONS OF A COMPUTER
A computer’s operations can be divided into four basic functions which determine
the basic components used to perform a particular operation or function. These four
basic operations are:
 Input
 Processing
 Output
 Storage
The diagram below shows the components in relation to its basic operations.

These components are connected together using cables or connectors


known as:  Bus
The diagram below shows:

There are three types of buses


 Data bus: These transport data and information within a computer system.
 Control bus: These carry control messages within a computer system.
 Address bus: Carries information that describes the memory location of
where the data is being sent or retrieved (got).
Divided into:
 System or local (Internal) buses
 Peripheral (External) buses
These allow the computer carry out the basic operations or functions.
A. Input
To input is:
 To place inside the computer system data and
instructions The purpose of the input components of a
computer system is:
i. To accept data and instructions in the required form.
ii. To convert data and instructions to a machine readable form.
iii. To transmit data and instruction to the Central Processing Unit.
Forms of Input
Some forms of input are:
 Text: Consists of characters (letters, numbers, punctuation marks, or any
other symbol requiring one byte of computer storage space) that are used
to create words, sentences, and paragraphs.
 Graphics: Are digital representations of non-text information such as
drawings, charts, photographs, and animation (a series of still images in
rapid sequence that gives the illusion of motion).
 Audio: Is music, speech, or any other sound.
 Video: Consists of images played back at speeds to provide the appearance
of full motion.
B. Processing
Processing means that the computer uses a set of instructions or program to
work on some data given to it in order to produce information that is useful to
the computer user.
This is done by a very small, yet very important piece of hardware called:
 The Micro-processor
 Processor
 Central Processing Unit
 CPU
Without the processor (CPU) the computer will simply not function.
C. Output
To output is:
 To take out of the computer system.
Forms of output
Some forms of output are:
 Text
 Graphics
 Tactile: These are raised symbols for example Braille
 Audio
 Video
D. Storage
Storage Devices and media are used in the computers to keep, preserve, save and
maintain the data, instruction and information placed inside it. The computer has
many types of data storage devices and media.
Storage can be classified as:
 Removable Storage Devices and Media
 Non-removable or Fixed Storage Devices.

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