Download

Please note!
All BIOS binaries available here must be properly configured with the
configuration tool XTIDECFG.COM before flashing/programming to
ROM. In addition to configuring the BIOS file for use with your
specific hardware you must also make sure the file is checksummed
by saving the file to disk as that will create the padding and
checksum required for installation in a computer.
Always use the version of XTIDECFG.COM supplied together with the
BIOS files.
If you haven't read the documentation available here then
you are strongly encouraged to do so first before proceeding
to the Pre-built Binaries Download Centre.
Introduction
XTIDE Universal BIOS makes it possible to use modern large ATA
hard disks or Compact Flash cards on old PC's. You can then enjoy
quiet or noiseless drives with more capacity than you'll ever need for
old computers.
XTIDE Universal BIOS (also known as simply "XUB") can be used on
any IBM PC, XT, AT or 100% compatible system. On AT systems you
can use any 16-bit ISA or VLB IDE or Multi I/O controller. For XT
systems you can use XTIDE rev1 (not available anymore), XTIDE
rev2 or JR-IDE/ISA.

License
XTIDE Universal BIOS and associated tools are Copyright (C) 2009-
2010 by Tomi Tilli, 2011-2020 by XTIDE Universal BIOS Team.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at
your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
[License GNU General Public License] for more details.

Features
Some of the features included in XTIDE Universal BIOS are...
 Supports up to 4 IDE controllers
 Support for virtual drives via serial port (see Serial Drives)
  Supports drives with any capacity (MS-DOS 7.x (Windows 9x) or
FreeDOS is required to access more than 8.4 GB)
 PIO transfers with block mode support
 Hard disk autodetection
 Autodetected capacity, both CHS and LBA, can be overridden
to make drive appear smaller than it actually is
 Hotkeys and optional Boot menu (included in the large official
builds) for selecting any floppy drive or hard drive to boot from,
including drives that are not handled by XTIDE Universal BIOS
 Compact Flash and Microdrive support
 Support for most 8-, 16-, and 32-bit IDE controllers
 Native support for QDI Vision QD6500 and QD6580 VLB IDE
controllers

...and many more.

Different builds
XTIDE Universal BIOS is modular and has many optional features. It
is not possible to include all features in the Small (8 kiB) builds.
Officially released builds include the modules that benefits most
people. You can quite easily make your own custom build from
source to include only the features you need if you are not satisfied
with the official builds.
See the build instructions for module descriptions and how to create
custom builds.

Installing XTIDE Universal BIOS

Important if you are upgrading from any previous XTIDE
Universal BIOS version
The v2.0.0 beta 2 and later versions, like most other BIOSes, adheres
to the Phoenix Enhanced Disk Drive Specification. The older v1.x.x
versions and v2.0.0 beta 1 do NOT - they may generate different L-
CHS parameters for many drives. If you move a drive handled by a
v1.x.x or v2.0.0 beta 1 BIOS to another system or upgrade to v2.x.x
you risk data corruption if different L-CHS parameters are used.
IMPORTANT! This means that, after upgrading to XTIDE Universal
BIOS v2.0.0 beta 2 or later, you need to re-create and format any
partitions on drives handled by this BIOS.
Hardware supporting XTIDE Universal BIOS ROM
The most convenient way to use XTIDE Universal BIOS is to use an
XTIDE card or Lo-tech XT-CF. They can be used on any PC with a free
8-bit ISA slot. You might not want to connect any drives to them in
16- or 32-bit systems since 8-bit transfers will be very slow. Using
these cards allows in-system EEPROM programming so it is really
easy to update XTIDE Universal BIOS.
Another option is to use any card with a free option ROM socket.
Official XUB builds are meant for use with 4 kiB, 8 kiB or 16 kiB ROMs
depending on the size of the BIOS you intend to use. Many network
cards have unused ROM sockets and there are also a few multi I/O
cards and IDE controllers with ROM sockets. These cards remain fully
usable even if you place a ROM with XTIDE Universal BIOS on them.
You don't need an EPROM/EEPROM programmer if you already have
an XTIDE card. The XTIDE card can be used to flash additional
EEPROMs (8 kiB 2864) that can then be moved to EPROM (8 kiB
2764) sockets.

Configuring and flashing

The XTIDE Universal BIOS comes with a DOS utility called
XTIDECFG.COM. Its primary purpose is to configure and flash the
XTIDE Universal BIOS but it can also be used as a generic EEPROM
flasher supporting EEPROM sizes up to 32 kiB. XTIDECFG.COM also
allows saving changes to XTIDE Universal BIOS images for later
programming with other devices or programming software.

Other things to know

CTRL can be held down to skip XTIDE Universal BIOS initialization.
Press CTRL when the POST OK beep is heard or just before the
memory test has completed.

Using XTIDECFG.COM (XTIDE Universal BIOS

configuration and flashing program)
XTIDECFG.COM is intended to be user friendly. At the bottom of the
screen appears quick information for each menu item. Pressing F1
displays more detailed help for menu items (some menu items do
not have detailed help available). Up, Down, PgUp, PgDn, Home and
 End keys are used for menu navigation. Enter selects the highlighted
menu item and Esc returns to the previous menu.
Most menu items appear only when needed to make configuring
easier.

Menu items on "Main Menu"

 Copyright and License Information
Displays just that.

 Load BIOS from file

Loads any (not just XTIDE Universal BIOS) file to be flashed.

 Load BIOS from EEPROM

Loads XTIDE Universal BIOS from EEPROM to be reconfigured if
a supported version of the BIOS is found in the system.

 Load old settings from EEPROM

Loads current settings from EEPROM if a supported version of
the XTIDE Universal BIOS is found in the system.

 Configure XTIDE Universal BIOS

This is for configuring the XTIDE Universal BIOS. This menu
item appears only when a supported version of the BIOS is
loaded.

 Flash EEPROM
This menu item appears when a file has been loaded.

 Save BIOS back to original file

 Exit to DOS
If you have made configuration changes, then a dialog will be
displayed asking if you want to save them. You can also exit to
DOS by pressing Esc at the main menu.

 Web Links
Displays links to this site and to the vcfed.org forum where
additional support is available if needed.

Menu items on "Flash EEPROM" submenu

 Start flashing

 EEPROM type [default=2864]

Selects EEPROM type. XTIDE rev1 uses 2864 (8 kiB) EEPROM.
 Select 2864mod if you have done the A0-A3 address line swap
modification (aka the Chuck(G) mod) to your XTIDE card.

 SDP command [default=Enable]

Selects Software Data Protect command to be written before
every page. You should set this to Enable if the EEPROM
supports SDP.

 Page size [default=1]

Larger page sizes makes flashing faster. You will probably want
to select the largest that your EEPROM supports. Slow XT
systems might not be fast enough for large page sizes.

 EEPROM address [default=D000h]

Segment address where the EEPROM is located. Supported
versions of XTIDE Universal BIOS will be detected
automatically.

 Generate checksum byte [default=Yes]

This option will generate a checksum byte at the end of the
EEPROM. You'll want to enable this if you have done any
changes to the XTIDE Universal BIOS settings. Note that for
Small builds (8 kiB) the checksum is actually 3 bytes. This is
required for compatibility with the 3Com 3C503 network
interface card.

Menu items on "Configure XTIDE Universal BIOS" submenu

 Back to Main Menu

 Primary/Secondary/Tertiary/Quaternary IDE Controller

Each "xxx IDE Controller" submenu displays IDE controller
specific settings. Note that "IDE controllers" menu item below
specifies the number of visible "xxx IDE Controller" submenus.

 Boot settings
Opens a submenu for boot related settings such as display
mode, etc.

 * Auto Configure
Tries to automatically detect controllers and sets settings
accordingly. Note that a drive must be attached to each
controller for the autodetection to work.

 Full operating mode [default=No for XT builds, not available for

AT builds]
 "Full operating mode" reserves a bit of Conventional memory
for XTIDE Universal BIOS variables. Disabling this will reduce
the maximum number of supported IDE controllers to 2 and
place the variables in a memory area reserved for IBM ROM
Basic (30:0h). You should always enable this option unless:
o You don't need to use IBM ROM Basic or any BIOS or
software (e.g. Turbo BASIC, BASICA) that requires that
memory area.
o You have a Tandy 1000 with 640k or less RAM (see "kiB to
steal from RAM" for a way around this problem).
o You really need the 1 kiB of Conventional memory that
"Full operating mode" requires.

 kiB to steal from RAM [default=1]

This menu item will appear only when "Full operating mode" is
enabled. Leave it at the default unless you need to enable "Full
operating mode" on Tandy 1000 models with 640k or less RAM.
Setting this to 33 (almost always enough) or 65 (always
enough) will reserve the top of RAM to Tandy video circuitry in
addition to the XTIDE Universal BIOS variables thus avoiding a
conflict between the two.

 IDE controllers [default=1 for XT builds, 2 for AT builds]

Number of IDE controllers to be searched by XTIDE Universal
BIOS. The maximum is 4 if "Full operating mode" is enabled.
Otherwise the maximum is 2.

 Power Management [default=Disabled]

This menu item opens up a submenu where you can select the
amount of time before idling harddrives should enter standby
mode (i.e. stop spinning). This setting applies only to drives
controlled by XTIDE Universal BIOS and requires that the
drive(s) supports the Power Management feature set.
Harddrives that do not support Power Management (only very
old drives) will just keep spinning. Note that this option is not
available if the BIOS has been built without
MODULE_POWER_MANAGEMENT.

Menu items on "Boot settings" submenu

 Display Mode [default=Default]

This setting allows you to force a display mode change before
the boot menu is displayed. This setting will work even if there
is no boot menu and will leave the specified display mode set
when booting to the OS. Forcing the display mode can be
handy if you have a composite monitor (use 40 column modes
 for better readability) or a Black & White VGA monitor (use 80
column Black & White mode for better readability).

 Color Theme [default=Classic]

This option is available only in builds with
MODULE_BOOT_MENU. It lets you customize the colors used for
the boot menu (and hotkey bar, if available) by selecting one of
a number of pre-defined themes.

 Number of Floppy Drives [default=Auto]

In some systems the number of floppy drives cannot be reliably
autodetected. This setting allows you to specify it manually so
all drives can be displayed on the boot menu.

 Scan for Serial Drives [default=No]

When enabled, the BIOS will scan COM1-7 for a Serial Drive
server at the end of standard drive detection. Even without this
option enabled, holding down the ALT key at the end of drive
detection will accomplish the same thing (useful for
bootstrapping scenarios). The BIOS will display "Serial Master
on COM Detect:" while it is scanning. See the Serial
Drive documentation for more information.

 Default boot drive [default=80h]

Specifies the drive to boot from by default if the user doesn't
select a drive using the hotkeys or the boot menu. The default
of 80h means the first hard drive in the system, 81h means the
second, and so on. 00h means the first floppy drive and 01h
means the second, etc. This menu option is only available on
interactive builds, i.e. builds that contain either one or both of
MODULE_BOOT_MENU and MODULE_HOTKEYS. Non-interactive
builds (e.g. the Tiny build) will always attempt to boot from
drive A: first, then drive C:.

 Selection timeout [default=546]

Appears only if MODULE_BOOT_MENU is included in the build.
Specifies the duration in timer ticks before the default boot
drive is automatically selected. 1 tick = 54.9 ms so the default
of 546 is about 30 seconds.

 Remove other hard drives [default=Yes on the 386-builds, No

on all other builds]
This option exists for two reasons:
o When the built-in protected-mode IDE hard disk driver is
loaded in Windows 95/98/ME, it checks the system BIOS
hard disk configuration stored in CMOS to make sure that
 a drive is installed. If not, it will refuse to load and the
drive will be running in "MS-DOS compatibility mode". For
this reason, a "dummy" drive must be configured in the
system BIOS, either by the user running BIOS Setup and
changing the configuration that way, or the configuration
can be modified automatically by XUB, if
MODULE_WIN9X_CMOS_HACK has been included in the
BIOS build, and it deems it safe to do so. The system
BIOS, thinking it has a drive installed, will add its drive
count to the BIOS Data Area Hard Drive count. Then XUB
will add its drive count, which means that the same drive
will be counted twice. This confuses Windows into
detecting this extra drive. To avoid this mess, this option
must be set to YES, which means that the BDA HD count
is cleared and only drives under XUB control will be
detected by Windows.
o The system BIOS in some machines does not clear the
BDA HD count during initialization. The number of Foreign
Hard Disks shown in the Boot Menu incrementing with
every warm boot is a sure sign of this problem. Zenith
computer models Z-171 and Z-161 are known to behave
like this. They should be detected if running Auto
Configure and if so you will be notified of that and this
option will be set to YES automatically. If you experience
this problem with a computer that is not detected by Auto
Configure then please contact us so we can add detection
for your particular system BIOS to XTIDECFG.

Menu items on "xxx IDE Controller" submenus

 Back to Configuration Menu

Moves back to "Configure XTIDE Universal BIOS" submenu.

 Master/Slave Drive
Opens up a submenu for Master/Slave Drive specific settings
for this IDE controller.

 Device Type [default=Varies depending on BIOS build options]

Some of the IDE controllers supported by XTIDE Universal BIOS
can use several data transfer modes so the device types listed
below are in many cases just different transfer modes. The
following device types are available depending on build
options:
o 16-bit ISA/VLB/PCI IDE [default on AT-builds]
This device type is available in all builds. If
MODULE_ADVANCED_ATA is included in the BIOS, then
 32-bit mode will be automatically enabled when a
supported VLB/PCI controller is detected.
o 32-bit VLB/PCI IDE
For those 32-bit controllers that do not require software
support (PIO mode is set with jumpers). Can be used with
all 32-bit controllers but PIO mode is 0 just like on 16-bit
controllers. Requires MODULE_ADVANCED_ATA.
o 16-bit ISA IDE in 8-bit mode
Allows use of 16-bit IDE controllers on XT systems. This
will require a drive that supports 8-bit transfers (Compact
Flash cards and Microdrives all support 8-bit mode).
Requires MODULE_8BIT_IDE.
o XTIDE rev 1 [default for XT-builds without
MODULE_8BIT_IDE_ADVANCED]
Use this option if you have an XTIDE rev 2, 3 or 4 set to
Compatibility mode or if you have a rev 1 card without
the Chuck(G) mod. Requires MODULE_8BIT_IDE.
o XTIDE rev 2 or modded rev 1
XTIDE with A0 and A3 address lines swapped. Use this
option if you have an XTIDE rev 2, 3 or 4 set to High
Speed mode or if you have a rev 1 card with the Chuck(G)
mod. Requires MODULE_8BIT_IDE.
o XTIDE rev 2 (Olivetti M24)
Same as above except this must be used when the XTIDE
card is installed in any of the following machines: Olivetti
M24, AT&T PC6300, Xerox 6060, Logabax Persona 1600.
Requires MODULE_8BIT_IDE.
o XT-CF PIO8 [default for XT-builds with
MODULE_8BIT_IDE_ADVANCED]
The slowest but also the most compatible device
type/transfer mode for use with any of the Lo-tech
boards. Requires MODULE_8BIT_IDE_ADVANCED.
o XT-CF PIO8 (BIU offload)
Requires MODULE_8BIT_IDE_ADVANCED.
o XT-CF PIO16 (BIU offload)
Requires MODULE_8BIT_IDE_ADVANCED.
o XT-CF DMA (v3 only)
Requires MODULE_8BIT_IDE_ADVANCED.
o JR-IDE/ISA
Requires MODULE_8BIT_IDE_ADVANCED.
o SVC ADP50L
Requires MODULE_8BIT_IDE_ADVANCED.
o Serial port virtual device
Note that a serial port controller must be the last
configured IDE controller. XTIDECFG will automatically
move any serial port devices to the end of the list if
 needed. This is done so that serial floppy disks, if any are
present, will be last on the list of drives detected. This
device type requires MODULE_SERIAL for serial harddrive
support and, in addition to that, also
MODULE_SERIAL_FLOPPY for serial floppy support.

 Base (cmd block) address [default=300h for XT-builds,

1F0h/170h/1E8h/168h for AT-builds]
Command block (base port) I/O-address where the IDE
controller is located. The JR-IDE/ISA and SVC ADP50L controllers
use memory mapped I/O, not port I/O, so for these controllers
the ROM segment address as configured with switches or
jumpers on the card should be set here instead. Note that this
is not necessarily the same segment address as the XTIDE
Universal BIOS has been installed into.

 Control block address [default=308h for XT-builds,

3F0h/370h/3E8h/368h for AT-builds]
Set to base port + 8h for XTIDE rev1, rev2 and Lo-tech XT-CF.
Set to base port + 200h for standard IDE controllers.

 Enable interrupt [default=Yes on Primary and Secondary IDE

interfaces on AT-builds, No on everything else]
Enables use of interrupts instead of polling when transferring
data. Does not offer any benefit for single-tasking operating
systems like DOS and will actually lower the performance on
machines with a fast drive and a slow CPU (i.e. where the CPU
is the bottleneck like on most vintage machines using flash-
based storage). Do not enable this unless you know you need
it. This option appears only when MODULE_IRQ is available.

 IRQ [default=14 for Primary IDE, 15 for Secondary IDE]

IRQ channel to use for this IDE controller. Appears when Enable
interrupt is set to Yes.

 COM Port [default=COM1]

Appears only when Serial port virtual device is selected.

 Baud Rate [default=9600]

Appears only when Serial port virtual device is selected.

Menu items for "Master/Slave Drive" submenus

 Back to IDE Controller Menu

 Disable Detection [default=No]
This menu option is only available for slave drives. Setting this
to Yes allows the BIOS to skip detection of this drive and the
computer will boot slightly faster as a result. You will probably
want to do this for IDE controllers that don't support slave
drives at all.

 Block Mode Transfers [default=Yes]

Block Mode Transfers will increase performance by speeding up
transfer rates. Normally this should be enabled but there are
some hard drives out there with a buggy block mode
implementation. For example, the Quantum ProDrive LPS 340A
will not work correctly with Block Mode Transfers enabled in
polling mode (i.e. with Enable interrupt set to No).

 CHS Translation Method [default=Auto]

The NORMAL/LARGE/LBA selection seen on many BIOSes.
Leave this to Auto unless you want this to be the same you are
using on some other BIOS.

 Internal Write Cache [default=Disabled]

This should be left disabled unless you know what you are
doing! Improper use of write cache can cause data corruption.

 User specified CHS [default=No]

Specify CHS parameters manually. This will force the drive to
use CHS addressing and EBIOS functions will be disabled.
Specifying CHS manually makes the drive incompatible with
other BIOSes unless they are specified to use the same CHS
parameters.

 User specified LBA [default=No]

Specify drive capacity manually (starting from 8.4 GB). All
versions of MS-DOS 7.x (Windows 9x) seem to have
compatibility problems with very large drives so you might
need to reduce drive capacity. Use FreeDOS if you want to use
full capacity of the drive.

 Cylinders, Heads and Sectors per track

These will appear when "User specified CHS" is enabled.
Maximum values of 16383 Cylinders, 16 Heads and 63 Sectors
per track will provide a capacity of 7.8 GiB/8.4 GB, the
maximum that MS-DOS 3.31 to 6.22 supports. Note that this
will force CHS addressing so once formatted, there will be data
corruption if you try to access the drive with systems using LBA
addressing.
  Millions of sectors
This will appear when "User specified LBA" is enabled. You can
specify the drive capacity in millions of sectors. Note that MS-
DOS 7.x (Windows 9x) or FreeDOS is required to access more
than 7.8 GiB/8.4 GB.

Hotkeys
If MODULE_HOTKEYS is included in the BIOS then the Hotkey bar will
appear at the top of the screen during drive detection.
Keys A to Z work as hotkeys for drives to select as boot device.
Hotkeys have another benefit: they allow the installation of DOS
from any floppy drive to any hard disk. For example if you want to
install DOS from floppy drive B to Hard Drive D then first press D and
then B. The last drive selected is always the drive to boot from.
F2 displays the Boot Menu (available only if MODULE_BOOT_MENU is
included in the BIOS).
F6 will search for virtual serial drives on COM ports 1-7 at the end of
standard drive detection (available only if MODULE_SERIAL is
included).
F8 calls software interrupt 18h. This starts IBM ROM Basic, ROM DOS
or displays an error message from the motherboard BIOS when there
is no ROM to boot from.

Drive swapping
DOS requires that it is loaded from the first floppy drive (00h) or the
first hard disk (80h) in the system. XTIDE Universal BIOS translates
drive numbers to make booting possible from any floppy drive or
hard disk. Drive number translation is implemented with a simple
swapping method: selected drive will be swapped with first drive and
vice versa. For example drive 81h (Second hard drive) would be
translated to 80h (First hard drive) and 80h would be translated to
81h. Drive swapping for floppy drives and hard disks are handled
separately to make it possible to install DOS from any floppy drive to
any hard disk.

Boot Menu
 Using the Boot Menu is optional and it is only included in the Large
official builds. It does not offer any more functionality than Hotkeys
except to display drive information. Drives can be selected with Up
and Down arrows. Home, End, PgUp and PgDn keys can speed up
selection if there are many drives in the menu. Press Enter to boot
from selected drive.
Note! Some people want the Boot Menu to be displayed
automatically without pressing F2 - this is the way older versions of
XTIDE Universal BIOS behaved. In such a scenario creating a custom
build with MODULE_BOOT_MENU but without MODULE_HOTKEYS will
have the desired effect of an always-on Boot Menu.

Boot menu drive information

The Boot Menu can display a little bit of information about the drive:
 Capacity
This shows the drive capacity. This is the same as reported by
the drive unless you have specified CHS or LBA manually.
Capacity is read from INT 13h AH=08h for drives not handled
by XTIDE Universal BIOS.

 Addr.
This shows the current addressing mode:
o NORMAL is used for drives with 1024 or less cylinders
(504 MiB / 528 MB and smaller drives). NORMAL is the
fastest mode since no address translations are required.
o LARGE is used for drives with 1025...8192 cylinders.
LARGE addressing mode L-CHS parameters are generated
with Revised Enhanced CHS calculation algorithm. LARGE
addressing mode can use LBA if drive supports it.
o LBA is used for drives with 8193 or more cylinders and
LBA support. L-CHS parameters are generated with
Assisted LBA algorithm.

 Block
Shows the maximum number of sectors supported in a single
multi-sector transfer. The larger the better. 1 means that block
mode is disabled or not supported. CF cards usually supports
block mode commands but do not allow blocks larger than 1
sector.

 Bus
Shows the bus/device type configured in "Device Type" menu
item on "xxx IDE Controller" submenu.
  IRQ
Shows the IRQ channel if enabled.

 Reset
Shows the status from drive initialization. This should always be
zero. If it is something else, then something has gone wrong.

Performance problems
MS-DOS DIR command takes a very long time
This is completely normal on systems with slow CPUs and a large
number of clusters in the drive's File Allocation Table (FAT).
Calculating free space is simply a very slow process in such cases.
It was very rare to have partitions larger than 32 MiB on XT systems
so there weren't long delays then. With XTIDE Universal BIOS it is
now possible to use very large drives on such slow systems. MS-DOS
3.31 allows partitions up to 512 MiB and MS-DOS 4.00 to 6.22 allows
partitions up to 2 GiB. Those are enormous sizes for XT systems and
the slow 8088 or even the V20 takes a considerable amount of time
to calculate the free space on such large file systems.
It might be a good idea to use a small partition for OS and frequently
used utilities and large partition(s) for games and less needed data.
You should experiment with what size feels the best for the small
partition. Please do let me know the results if you do some testing.
It is very likely that this same problem will occur if you decide to use
MS-DOS 7.x (Windows 9x) or FreeDOS and a large FAT32 partition on
a slow 386 or even 486.

SmartDrive can slow down transfer rates

When SmartDrive or other disk caching programs are used, data is
read from drive to RAM area used by the cache program. Then it is
copied to the program RAM area. If same data is required again it is
found in the cache. Reading from cache is a lot faster than reading
from drive, especially when the drive is old and slow.
Modern drives are a lot faster and they have very large internal
caches and data prefetch abilities. Modern drives are so fast on old
computers that the extra CPU usage required by caching programs
slow down more than reading directly from drive, at least with slow
CPUs and small caches.
 Don't assume that disk caching makes things faster. Always test it
first.

Importance of Shadow RAM

Always enable Shadow RAM and ROM area caching if your systems
supports them! They might speed up much more than you think.
This is especially true on Pentium systems.
Pentium will fetch at least 8 bytes (since it has a 64-bit wide bus)
before it can start to execute the instructions. Even if you have
placed the ROM on a 16-bit ISA or 32-bit VLB or PCI card the ROM
itself is only 8-bits wide. So the ROM must be read 8 times before the
CPU can start executing instructions. And if those 8 times are read
from 8 MHz ISA with wait states... Believe it or not, this can slow the
transfer rates on a mighty Pentium to the level of fast XT systems.
So always enable Shadow RAM to copy the ROM to RAM to get full
bus width and you might also want to enable cache for ROM areas to
compensate for RAM latencies and slower clock rate. The Shadow
RAM is the more important of the two.
You should be aware that you most likely need to disable Shadow
RAM when you flash the EEPROM. Another thing to note is that IDE
controllers using memory mapped I/O such as the JR-IDE/ISA and the
SVC ADP50L does not work if Shadow RAM or ROM area caching is
enabled. You wouldn't want to connect drives to an 8-bit bus on a
32-bit system anyway. You can use the JR-IDE/ISA if you just need
the 512 kiB FLASH.
Here are some transfer rate comparisons using v2.0.0β1. Results are
from IOTEST by Michael B. Brutman.
The test system is a 486DX4 100 MHz with a VLB Multi I/O card and a
6 GB Hitachi Microdrive. XTIDE Universal BIOS is configured for 16-bit
transfers without support for that specific VLB IDE controller.
Internal Cache Shadow RAM KB/s
Enabled Disabled 1185.50
Enabled Enabled 1911.37
Disabled Disabled 1145.48
Disabled Enabled 1851.30

IDE controllers on VLB and PCI bus

16-bit ISA IDE controllers or more properly interface cards are
basically very simple ISA to Parallel ATA adapters so they all perform
 alike. ISA is not fast enough for anything above PIO-0 transfer
method (with a theoretical maximum of 3.3 MB/s).
VLB and PCI IDE controllers are more complex since they have an
actual controller between bus and IDE drive. This controller can
buffer the data so the CPU can read 32-bits at a time. Early VLB
controllers are limited to PIO-2 but later VLB controllers and (all?) PCI
controllers also support PIO modes 3 and 4. These later VLB multi I/O
cards have two IDE connectors so you should use one of those even
if you don't need the other IDE connector.
Unfortunately many of the controllers work only at PIO-0 by default.
Some VLB multi I/O cards have jumpers to set transfer rates but
most require controller specific programming to enable higher PIO
modes. It is possible that your VLB multi I/O card don't offer any
advantages over ISA multi I/O cards if your BIOS does not support
the IDE controller on the VLB card. There are DOS drivers for many
VLB IDE controllers so BIOS support isn't a necessity.
At the moment XTIDE Universal BIOS has native support for QDI
Vision QD6500 and QD6580 VLB IDE controllers. There is also very
experimental support for the Promise PDC 20230-C and 20630 VLB
IDE controllers. The support is included in MODULE_ADVANCED_ATA
that is included in official 386 builds by default.

Known problems with fixes

Note! Some of these problems might be specific to certain older
versions of XTIDE Universal BIOS. It is recommended to always use
the latest version, especially if you experience a problem of some
sort.

Data corruption on the IBM PC/AT and IBM XT Model 286 machines

Data corruption will occur on the harddrive(s) when using an XTIDE

card (any revision) with XTIDE Universal BIOS in an IBM PC/AT (5170)
or an IBM XT Model 286 (5162) with the IBM system BIOS. The
reason for this incompatibility is currently unknown but there is a
workaround; install a non-IBM system BIOS in the machine. See
more here.

Flashing sometimes fails on a Pentium system

Set page size to maximum supported and try to reflash a few times.
Eventually it should work. It is currently unknown why flashing fails.
FreeDOS Format.exe freezes

Known to happen with 0.90 dated 4-30-02 when using user defined
LBA. Change FORMAT.EXE to newer. 0.91v dated 1-14-06 is known to
work.
Other known problems
 Flash utility hung the PC when saving settings on one occasion
(maybe because the FDD entry point was via the BIOS just
over-written?)
 Detecting non-available drives takes a lot longer on XT systems
than on AT systems. Both have same timeout values so it is
unclear what causes it.

Problems with Compact Flash cards and microdrives

CF cards and microdrives are IDE devices and should work as any
hard disk. Unfortunately there are many CF cards and microdrives
with limitations. Some of them only work as a master drive but not
as a slave drive. A lot of them requires that the master boot record
(MBR) is re-created before they can be used for booting.
The MBR can be re-created with FDISK using the /MBR switch
(available in FDISK from DOS version 5 or higher). You can also use
any low-level data wipe utility to clear a non-bootable MBR. The MBR
will then be created automatically when partitioning the drive.
Some CF cards and microdrives do not work properly with IBM
5150/5160 when using XTIDE rev 1 or rev 2. Some of the symptoms
are improperly displayed drive name on boot menu or the drive
appears to work on some occasions and sometimes not. This is a
hardware related problem and cannot be fixed by software. Wait for
Lo-tech XT-CF to be available or use known working drive such as
Hitachi 6 GB microdrive.

Contact information
XTIDE Universal BIOS thread can be found at Vintage Computer
Forums. I recommend to post there but you can also send email to
aitotat (at) gmail.com or krille_n_ (at) hotmail.com. Another thread to
take a look at is XTIDE Universal BIOS v2.0.0 beta testing thread.
When reporting bugs or other problems, please post the following
information:
 Computer specs (at least CPU and RAM but details about
expansion cards and how they are configured might be useful)
 Operating system and version (for example MS-DOS 6.22)
 Hard disk(s) you are using with XTIDE Universal BIOS
 Hard disk(s) not handled by XTIDE Universal BIOS (if any)
 Reset status that boot menu shows if problem is related to a
specific drive (if the boot menu is available)