Journal of Engineering Vol 14 Issue

Sciences 06,2023

AUTOMATIC WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER

1
Alimineti Shilpa,2S.Sai Anand Reddy,3Bhupathi Pranathi,4Mr. S. Rajendra Kumar
123
Student,4Associate Professor
Department Of Electronics And Communication Engineering
ACE Engineering College,Ghatkesar (M), Medchal (Dist)-501 301
ABSTRACT It also displays the real-time data of the water present
This is an Arduino based automatic water level in the tank.
controller and indicator project. Here, we are going to The objective of our project is to provide an
measure the water level by using help of ultrasonic automated water level controlling for preserving water
sensors. The ultrasonic sensors use the principle of using Arduino. We can see many houses as overhead
"echo". When sound waves are transmitted, they after tanks and they keep on overflowing water. It wastes a
striking any obstacle return. So, by using this principle lot of water as well as electricity. If we do not do
anything on this matter than we can face huge scarcity
we can calculate the time of travel for outgoing as well
of water. In this project, I Am going to implement
as returning. By calculation we can calculate the
automated water level tank controlling system which
distance. Here we use this concept in our project. The helps in monitoring the level in the tank. People
motor pump automatically turns ON when the water generally worry about the wastage of water, when they
level is low. Actually, there is a lot of drinking water switch ON the motor and forget to OFF them. Our idea
crisis in India and also in other countries. Today we may help them in saving water for future.
need to preserve water at any cost. In India, we can see 1.2 Project Elaboration
many houses as overhead tanks and they keep un In this Arduino based automatic water level controller
overflowing water. It wastes a lot of water as well as project we are going to measure the water level by
electricity. If we do not do anything on this matter than using ultrasonic sensors. Basic principle of ultrasonic
we can face huge scarcity of water. In this project I Am distance measurement is based on ECHO. When sound
going to implement automatic water level controller to waves are transmitted in environment then they return
that we no longer have to manually switch ON and back to the origin as ECHO after striking on any
obstacle. So, we have to only calculate its traveling
OFF the motor. The device automatically monitors the
time of both sounds means outgoing time and returning
water level and hence triggers the relay which in turn
time to origin after striking on any obstacle. And after
triggers the motor. This helps in reducing wastage of some calculation we can get a result that is the
water as well as electricity. This also reduces distance. This concept is used in our water controller
manpower as we no longer need to operate it manually. project where the water motor pump is automatically
turned on when water level in the tank becomes low.
I. INTRODUCTION
And automatically turn off when water level is high.
1.1 Introduction:
with help of programmed Arduino the valve
Water is the most important substance for the
automatically turns off which shuts the motor and
survival of living being. It is the most necessary factor
thereby closes the water flow
of our life. Therefore, conservation of water should be
the outmost priority of
living beings as there is only 1% fresh water available
in liquid form, 2% is in frozen state and rest of the 97%
water is saline. Conservation of water includes rain
water harvesting, protecting ground water, and
practicing sustainable methods of utilising water
resources and educating the people through different
water programs.
An Arduino is a development board which
consist of microcontroller. It is an opensource
development board which is designed to build
prototypes. In our project, we have used Arduino to
build "Water Level and Controller", which serve the
purpose of conservation of water. This circuit can be
installed on water tank and problem of water overflow
can be eliminated. This circuit measures height of
water in the tank and turn off the pumping system Figure 1. Working model
when water reaches a certain level. This not only saves 1.3 System Design and Implementation:
water but also save electrical energy at the same time. The following requirements are considered for the
Hence the ground water can be conserved This device proposed Automatic water level controller.
is cheap, affordable and easy to install. It is fully
automated i.e., once installed it can operate on its own.

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1) It is necessary to have ultersonic Sensors by using

this sensor we gets distance from sensor to water
surface after it we need to calculate water level.
2) In addition, the Arduino should be capable of
connection to the sensor

Figure 3. Arduino UNO

2.2 ULTRASONIC SENSOR
Ultrasonic sensors are in available for the past many
decades and these devices continue to hold huge space
Figure .2 Block diagram in the sensing market because of their specifications,
1.3.1 Block Diagram of water level controller affordability, and flexibility. As the automation
1.3.2 Details of Block Diagram industry has been progressing, the employment of
 In this project only few components ultrasonic sensors in multiple domains such as drones,
are used. Ultersonic sensor of each EV vehicles is emerging.
lanes are interfaced to the Arduino.  Ultrasonic measurement of distance, depth
These sensor sends the information and thickness;
to the Arduino board  Ultrasonic testing;
 An AC power supply is connected to  Ultrasound imaging;
run Arduino as well as sensors  Ultrasonic machining, such as polishing,
 Relay and some other connections drilling;
are interfaced to the Arudino and  Ultrasonic cleaning;
relay is connected to the motor  Ultrasonic welding;
 The flow of progress continues from Ultrasonic sensors are electronic devices that calculate
left to right in the above block the target’s distance by emission of ultrasonic sound
diagram waves and convert those waves into electrical signals.
II. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION The speed of emitted ultrasonic waves traveling speed
2.1 ARDUINO UNO is faster than the audible sound.
The Arduino Uno R3 is a development board Ultrasonic transducers are transducers that convert
based on the ATmega328.It has 14 digital input/output ultrasound waves to electrical signals or vice versa. As
pins, 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a they can both transmit and receive signals, they are
USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a also called ultrasound transceivers; many ultrasound
reset button. It contains everything needed to support sensors besides being sensors are indeed transceivers
the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer because they can both sense and transmit. These
with a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC devices work on a principle similar to that of
adapter or battery to get started. The Arduino UNO can transducers used in radar and sonar systems, which
be powered via a USB connection or with an external evaluate attributes of a target by interpreting the echoes
power supply. The power source is selected from radio or sound waves, respectively. Active
automatically. External (non-USB) power can come ultrasonic sensors generate high frequency sound
either from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or a waves and evaluate the echo which is received back by
battery. The board can operate on an external supply of the sensor, measuring the time interval between
6 to 20 volts. If supplied with less than 7V, however, sending the signal and receiving the echo to determine
the 5V pin may supply less than five volts and the the distance to an object. Passive ultrasonic sensors are
board may be unstable. If using more than 12V, the basically microphones that detect ultrasonic noise that
voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board. is present under certain conditions, convert it to an
The recommended range is 7 to 12 volts. electrical signal, and report it to a computer.

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Figure 3.0 Volts dc motor

III. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND RESULT
Figure 2.4 Ultrasonic sensor 3.1 Circuit Diagram of water level controller
2.3 RELAY
In order to isolate two circuits electrically and to
connect them magnetically relays are used. They
are very useful in switching from one circuit to
another when they are completely separated. The
relays comprise of an input and an output section.
The input
section has a coil which produces magnetic
field when a small voltage from an electrical
circuit is applied. This applied voltage is known as
the operating voltage.
2.4 MOTOR
A 12-volt DC motor is a type of electric motor that Figure 4.1 Circuit Diagram
runs on 12-volt direct current (DC) power. These An Arduino-based water level controller using
motors are often used in a variety of applications, such an ultrasonic sensor can be used to automatically
as automotive systems, robotics, and portable tools and control the level of water in a tank. The ultrasonic
equipment. They are popular due to their versatility, sensor is used to measure the distance from the top of
efficiency, and low cost. the tank to the water level, and this information is used
to control a relay. and the relay is used to turn off the
power when the water level reaches a certain point. A
power supply and wires are also needed to complete
the setup. To use the water level controller, the
Arduino board must be programmed with code that
reads the distance measured by the ultrasonic sensor
and controls the solenoid valve and relay accordingly.
3.2 Result
Figure 2.8 Relay When the power is turned on, an AC current of 230V is
There are several types of 12-volt DC motors, sent to a step-down transformer, which converts it into
including brushed motors and brushless motors. a 12V AC current. This AC current is then converted
Brushed motors have a set of stationary electromagnets into a DC current using voltage regulators, with 5V
on the stator and a set of rotating magnets on the rotor. used for the ultrasonic sensor and 12V used for the
The stator generates a magnetic field that interacts with Arduino and relay. The ultrasonic sensor sends a delay
the magnetic field of the rotor, causing the rotor to to the Arduino, which calculates the distance to the
rotate. Brushless motors, on the other hand, do not water surface and determines if the water level is low
have a mechanical brush and commutator assembly. or sufficient. If the water level is low, the Arduino
Instead, they use an electronic controller to switch the sends pulses to the relay to turn on the water supply. If
stator windings and produce the necessary magnetic the water level is sufficient, the Arduino does not send
field for rotation. any pulses and the relay remains off.
12-volt DC motors are widely used in a range
of applications because they can operate at a wide
range of speeds, from low to high, and can produce a
variety of torque outputs. They are also relatively easy
to control and can be easily reversed by changing the
direction of the current flow. However, they do have
some limitations, such as a lower power density
compared to other types of motors, and a shorter
lifespan due to the wear and tear of the brush and
commutator assembly in brushed motors.

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The performance of the machine purely

depends on the software (code) we define. The
Arduino turns the water pump ON/OFF by calculating
the data received from the Ultrasonic Sensor. If the
water level is in a particular distance (In Code - Inches)
less from the sensor, then the Arduino turns the water
pump ON. After turning it ON, it checks if the water
level is in a particular distance (In Code - Inches) high
from the sensor, the Arduino turns the water pump
OFF. Hence by this it reduces the wastage of water.
4.2 Future Scope
Automatic water level monitoring system has
a good scope in future especially for agriculture sector.
There are many areas where we need water level
Figure 4.2 Result controller. It could be agricultural fields, overhead
3.3 Advantages tanks. We can make this project wireless by using NRF
 Automatic water level controllers can maintain an transmitter and receiver. We can also add Ethernet
exact preset water level. shield so that we can get all the information using
 It can be installed in homes, hotels, and hospitals. mobile phones and control it accordingly. The
The power used by this controller is low and automatic water level controller using Arduino project
negligible. can also be installed with pH sensors which will help to
 It can be installed in metro cities where the regulate the acidity. The automatic water level
drinking water is the only water used for all controller has a great future scope. By adding a Wi-Fi
purposes, which keeps the drinking water from module through which it can be controlled through
being wasted. mobile application by doing so it can be used in big
 These controllers are compact, easy to install, and building, offices, malls It also has a bright future in
easy to move. Agricultural sector
 Power saver REFERENCE
 Minimal maintenance Books:
 Can help avoid seepage of roofs and walls due to  Principle of electronics by V.K Mehta, M.K
tanks overflowing Mehta
 It can control water levels in any type of storage  Electronics fundamentals By David M.
tank or body of liquid Thomas, Buchle I. Floyd
 Automatic operation saves the manual labor time Websites:
3.4 Disadvantages http://www.electronicshub.org
 Water level sensor need to be replaced every 3 http://www.circuitdigest.com
years. https://www.arduino.cc
 We need to insert the wire in accordance with the https://www.youtube.com
level of water
 The rust, foul and deteriorate
 Electronics are usually built separately
3.5 Applications
 It can be used in water tanks to control water
levels and automatically turn ON/OFF pumps.
 Can be used in factories, commercial complexes,
apartments, home, fuel tank level gauging.
 High & low-level alarms.
 Pool water level control.
 Oil tank level controlling
 It will be very much useful to farmers
 It is used for all household purposes
IV. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
4.1 Conclusion
The project work “Automatic Water Level
Controller Using Arduino” is designed & developed
successfully and for the demonstration purpose a
prototype module is constructed and results are found
to be satisfactory. All electronic hardware section is
mounted on a wooden structure.

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