SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (SSRG-IJECE) volume 5 Issue 4-April 2018

Embedded Based Smart Agriculture Monitoring

and Control Systems
S.I.Rajan1, M.Udhaya Devi2, A.Hepzi Kutty3
1
Assistant Professor, PSN College of Engineering and Technolgy (Autonomous), Melathediyoor, India.
2&3
Student, PSN College of Engineering and Technolgy (Autonomous), Melathediyoor, India.

Abstract
Agriculture plays crucial role in the automated system with self decision making
development of agricultural country. It’s the backbone capability. The decision making part will be carried out
of our economic system. The only solution to this by the Microcontroller. The solar tracking system will
problem is smart agriculture by modernizing the help in capturing maximum sunlight from the sun. This
current traditional methods of agriculture. In this energy will be stored in a DC Battery. The stored
system is mainly used to controlled and monitored power will be used to drive the irrigation pump. Here
tasks like Temperature sensing, soil moisture sensing, the system will be a sensor based one where the pump
Motor on/off and spraying. will start only when there is the need of water to the
land.
Keywords
A) Embedded System
Microcontroller,DC Motor,Sensor
An embedded system has three
I. INTRODUCTION main components:
i. It has hardware.
Agriculture in India has a significant history. ii. It has main application software. The
Today, India ranks second worldwide in farm output. application software may perform concurrently N the
Agriculture and allied sectors like forestry and fisheries series of tasks or multiple tasks.
accounted for 16.6% of the GDP in 2009, about 50% of iii. It has a real time operating system (RTOS)
the total workforce. The economic contribution of that supervises the application software and provides a
agriculture to India's GDP is steadily declining with the mechanism to let the processor run a process as per
country's broad based economic growth. Still, scheduling and do the context-switch between the
agriculture is demographically the broadest economic various processes (tasks).RTOS defines the way the
sector and plays a significant role in the overall socio- system works. It organizes access to a resource in
economic fabric of India. sequence of the series of tasks of the system.
An embedded system has software designed to
In India most of the power generation is carried keep in view three constraints:
out by conventional energy sources, coal and mineral i. Available system memory,
oil-based power plants which contribute heavily to ii. Available processor speed
greenhouse gases emission. Setting up of new power iii. The need to limit power dissipation.
plants is inevitably dependent on import of highly
volatile fossil fuels. Thus, it is essential to tackle the B) Processors in embedded systems
energy crisis through judicious utilization of Embedded processors can
abundantly available renewable energy resources, such be broken into two broad categories. Ordinary
as biomass energy, solar energy, wind energy, microprocessors (μP) use separate integrated circuits
geothermal energy and Ocean energy. The projection for memory and peripherals. Microcontrollers (μC)
for irrigation water demand basically depends on have on-chip peripherals, thus reducing power
irrigated area, cropping pattern, effective rainfall, and consumption, size and cost.
soil and water quality. India’s current population is
1100 million is expected to stabilize at some stage. The C) Microcontroller
projected population is 1500 million by 2050 with A microcontroller can be
agriculture remaining as the primary source of considered a self-contained system with a processor,
livelihood in rural areas. memory and peripherals and can be used as
an embedded system. The majority of microcontrollers
The system discussed over here is based on in use today are embedded in other machinery, such as
natural and clean solar power. This is a whole

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 SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (SSRG-IJECE) volume 5 Issue 4-April 2018

automobiles, telephones, appliances, and peripherals in required way by which it can handle the operation
for computer systems. of hardware components.

D) ATMEL AVR B) Data Flow Diagram

The AVR is a modified Harvard
architecture8- bit RISC single chip microcontroller.The
AVR was one of the first microcontroller families to
use on-chip flash memory for program storage, as
opposed to one-time programmable ROM, EPROM, or
EEPRO Mused by other microcontrollers at the time.

II. PROPOSED SYSTEM

In this proposed system, we use dynamic

virtual unit in which the screen with number of buttons
is designed using software and different operations are
handled by manually touching the screen focused on
the wall. Virtual reality hand buttons can control home
appliances. It is nothing that it does the work what the
hardware does. The block explains that the focus light
projecting the screen and the camera captures the
image and send the data to the system.

The system then passes the data through serial

cable to the PIC microcontroller. This controller is
electronic circuits that can be programmed to carry out
a vast range of tasks. They can be programmed to be Fig 2.Data Flow diagram of proposed system
timers or to control a production line and much more.
Figure shows the data flow diagram for the
The data passed to the wireless zigbee. At the receiver
virtual reality sensing system connected to the
the zigbee receive the data and gives it to AVR
microcontroller which can interfaced with personal
microcontroller. Based on the controller the relay is
computer. Virtual reality hand buttons can control
switched and the load is functioned.
home appliances. It is nothing that it does the work
A) Block Diagram what the hardware does.

C) Proteus tool
Proteus is a powerful management tool,
which can help your company to monitor and analyze
the usage of your telephones hence allowing you to
have more control of your telecommunications services.

Proteus can be used to:

 Apportion costs within your organization.

 Identify anomalies and use or abuse of your
facilities.
 Monitor the quality of service provided by your
customers when they call you.
Fig 1.Block diagram of proposed system  Identify whether you have a sufficient amount of
lines to handle the traffic your organization
For designing of system, there is a need of generates.
hardware components like resistors,Capacitors, Proteus records information about the
Virtual reality sensing system, Zigbee etc. and also connection and disconnection of each call, which takes
AvrStudio software is used to write the embedded place on the telephone system and stores this
Cprogramming is installed in the microcontroller with information in a file. The information can then be used
the help of compiler Xtreme Burner so as to operate it to generate different reports for example, costing,
operator, traffic etc.

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SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (SSRG-IJECE) volume 5 Issue 4-April 2018

III. RESULT & DISCUSSION

Fig 3.Proposed system Setup

Fig 4.Display of temperature and Moisture

level(Maximum level)

IV. CONCLUSION

In this paper, the design of the virtual reality-

based Smart Home system is introduced. This paper
has introduced the different aspects of the virtual hand-
button interaction without haptic feed-back. The
interaction method and its implementation are
explained. We have concluded from the user studies
that the task performance of the virtual hand-button
interaction is more dependent on the hand avatar than
the collision size of a button.
We have presented an alternative solution to
Fig 4.Display of temperature and Moisture the problem where the concealment of virtual objects
level(Minimum level) by virtual hands makes interaction difficult.
Representing a virtual hand with different granularities
can be beneficial to have a better view of virtual
cockpit objects, however our result shows that it has a
negative effect on the interaction as the virtual
transparent hand. We have observed that as the volume
and details of the hand avatar decrease, the virtual
hand-button interaction becomes less efficient.
The comprehensive experiments
statistically proved that abstract hand avatars can
reduce the task performance. We have demonstrated
that the change of collision volume does not have a
positive effect on the virtual hand-button interaction in
the virtual cockpit environment. The participants
achieved the most efficient interaction with the
collision volume of a button which was as same as its
visual volume.

Fig 4.Control llimit of temperature and Moisture

level viewed using Laptop

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 SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (SSRG-IJECE) volume 5 Issue 4-April 2018

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