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Firewall Notes

A firewall is a security system that protects internal networks from external threats by filtering traffic based on predefined rules. Firewalls can be classified by OSI layers, form factors, types of inspection, and architecture, with various types including software, hardware, stateful, and proxy firewalls. Each type has its own operational characteristics and security implications.

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13 views2 pages

Firewall Notes

A firewall is a security system that protects internal networks from external threats by filtering traffic based on predefined rules. Firewalls can be classified by OSI layers, form factors, types of inspection, and architecture, with various types including software, hardware, stateful, and proxy firewalls. Each type has its own operational characteristics and security implications.

Uploaded by

sawantvighensh
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Firewalls - Full Notes

Firewall Notes

1) Introduction to Firewalls:

A firewall is a security system that acts as a barrier between a trusted internal network and an untrusted

external network (like the internet).

- It allows safe data to pass through while blocking harmful data, similar to a security checkpoint at an airport.

- It filters network traffic based on predefined security rules, blocking harmful data while allowing safe

communication.

2) Classification of Firewalls:

Based on OSI Layers | Based on Form Factors | Based on Type of Inspection | Based on Architecture

---------------------------|-----------------------------|------------------------------|-----------------------------

a) Layer 2 | a) Software | a) Stateful | a) Dual-Homed

b) Layer 3 | b) Hardware | b) Stateless | b) Screened Host

c) Layer 4 | | | c) Screened Subnet

d) Layer 7 | | | d) Proxy

3) Explanation of Firewall Types

A) Based on OSI Layers:

- Layer 2 Firewall: Works at the data link layer and controls traffic based on MAC addresses.

- Layer 3 Firewall: Operates at the network layer and filters traffic based on IP addresses.

- Layer 4 Firewall: Works at the transport layer and blocks or allows traffic based on TCP/UDP port numbers.
Firewalls - Full Notes
- Layer 7 Firewall: Operates at the application layer, analyzing web requests and emails for security threats.

B) Based on Form Factors:

- Software Firewall: Installed on a computer or server to filter traffic. Easy to install but may slow down system

performance.

- Hardware Firewall: A physical device placed between the internal network and the internet. Provides strong

security but is expensive and requires expert management.

C) Based on Type of Inspection:

- Stateful Firewall: Keeps track of active connections and makes decisions based on context.

- Stateless Firewall: Examines each packet individually. Faster but less secure.

D) Based on Architecture:

- Dual-Homed Firewall: Uses two network interfaces (internal and external) to enforce strict control.

- Screened Host Firewall: Uses an additional security layer (filtering system) before reaching the main

network.

- Screened Subnet Firewall: Uses multiple firewalls to create a buffer zone (DMZ) between the internet and

internal network.

- Proxy Firewall: Acts as an intermediary, filtering and forwarding requests securely.

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