CS-112

Object Oriented Programming

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
COURSE INSTRUCTOR : MS. HABIBA ARSHAD
Google Classroom Codes
Theory Code
For queries related to course(Assignments/Projects) just leave an email at

[email protected]

during office timings 08:00AM - 04:00 PM

Evaluation Criteria (3+1) Theory
Assessment %Age

Assignments/ Quizzes 10% + 15% = 25 %

Mid Term Exam 30%

Final Term Exam 45%

Total 100
 Assignments Quizzes
Assignments will be due at the beginning of the class. Under • Oral Quizzes are conducted to check understanding
normal circumstances, late work will not be accepted. of previous lectures before starting the next lecture.
Students are expected to do their own assignments. • Announced quizzes to assess the understanding of
taught topics.
Plagiarism will be observed strictly.
 Few Things to Remember
Show sensibility in your conduct.
Learning should be your primary objective.
Attendance will be marked within 10 minutes at the start of the class.
80% of your attendance is mandatory.
Zero tolerance policy on attendance, discipline of class during lectures.
Assignments must be submitted on time, no late submissions.
In case of copied assignment both parties will be given zero.
Don’t miss your Classes, Quizzes, Presentations, Assignments and Projects/Presentations.
You all need to be a good human being.
 Recommended Books
1.Java: The Complete Reference by Herbert Schildt latest edition
2.Java How to program , Eigth Edition, by Deitel and Deital
3.Case Studies and other related material will be provided during the course.
 Course Overview
▪An Overview of Object Oriented ▪ Java Packages
Programming and Java
▪ Arrays and Java Collections
▪ Fundamental Programming Structure
in Java ▪ Introduction to GUI
▪ Layouts and event Handling
▪ Introducing Classes
▪ Exception Handling
▪Constructors in Java
▪ Threads in java
▪Inheritance ▪ File handling and Database
▪Polymorphism connectivity
▪Dynamic Memory Allocation
 Topics To be Covered Today
What is a Program?
Evolution of Programming Languages
Why Java?
Java History
Features of Java
Procedural vs object oriented programming language.
Java Procedure
CLO Covered
CLO1: Understand the underlying concepts of
object-oriented paradigm.
What is a Program?
A computer program (also a software program, or just a program) is a sequence of
instructions written to perform a specified task for a computer.
Programming Language
The definition of programming language states;
“any kind of language that is used to do computational tasks
on the computer and written to produce some output after
doing computations is called programming language”.
 The Evolution of Programming Languages
1. Machine language: 1940’s
2. Assembly language: early 1950’s
3. Higher-level languages: late 1950’s
4. Today: thousands of programming languages
What is Programming?
When we say “programming” we are actually referring to the
science of transforming our intentions in a high-level programming
language.
It is the process of creating a set of instructions that tell a computer
how to perform a task.
What are we doing in this course?
There is a proper way or format or structure available to write programming tasks using
various languages. This way of writing programs using the proper format is called
programming paradigms.
Paradigms is also called programming design philosophy. Various programming
paradigms are available through which we can write our programs. Three main
programming paradigms are:
▪ Object-Oriented Programming Model
▪ Procedural-Oriented Programming Model
▪ Functional Programming Model

We will study Object-Oriented Programming using ‘Java’, a popular high-level

object-oriented programming language.
 Why Java?
oJava mean Cup of coffee
oIt’s almost entirely object-oriented
oIt has a vast library of predefined objects and operations
oIt’s more platform independent
o this makes it great for Web programming
oIt’s more secure
oIt isn’t C++
Java History
James Gosling And Sun Microsystems Invented The
Java Programming Language In 1991.
Motto is “ Write Once Run Anywhere”.
Java History
◦ They first named this language
“Oak” because of the oak tree
outside Gosling’s office.
◦ Later, the name changed to Green,
◦ then to Java Coffee, which was
named after the coffee from
Indonesia,
◦ and eventually shortened to Java in
1995.
What is Java-Based Upon?
Java is based on C and C++.
The first Java compiler was developed by Sun Microsystems and was
written in C using some libraries from C++.
Java files are converted to bit code format using a compiler that the Java
interpreter then executes.
Java code runs on Java Virtual Machine (JVM)—the runtime environment.
Steps for creating and running a Java program
Applications of Java technology
Widely used in web consoles, GUIs, web and mobile applications,
game development, embedded systems, and desktop applications.
Apart from these, Java is also used to develop software for devices.
It is used not only in computers and mobile devices, but even in
electronic devices like televisions, air conditioners, washing
machines, and so on.
Online registration forms, banking apps, and shopping via the
internet are all possible because of Java.
 Traditional Procedural Programming VS
OOP
Procedural Programming can be defined as a programming model which is
derived from structured programming, based upon the concept of calling
procedure. Procedures, also known as routines, subroutines or functions, simply
consist of a series of computational steps(algorithms) to be carried out. In
procedural programming, all functions are treated as separate programs.
COBOL, C, FORTRAN, PASCAL

Object oriented programming can be defined as a programming model which is

based upon the concept of objects. Objects contain data in the form of attributes
and code in the form of methods. In object oriented programming, computer
programs are designed using the concept of objects that interact with real world.
Java, Python, JavaScript, C++,Perl, C#
Objects
• An object represents an entity in the real world such as person, thing or
concept etc.
• An object is identified by its name
• An object consists of the following two things
1. Properties: are the characteristics / attributes of an object
• For example: the properties of object Car can be
• Model
• Color
• Price
• Engine Power
Objects
2. Functions: are the actions / task that can be performed by an object
• For example, the object Car can perform the following functions
• Start
• Stop
• Accelerate
• Reverse
• The set of all functions of an object represents the behavior of the object
Classes
• A collection of objects with same properties and functions is known as
class.
• A class is used to define the characteristics of the objects.
• It is used as a model for creating different objects of same type.
• For Example
• A class Person can be used to define the characteristics and functions of a person
• It can be used to create many objects of type Person such as Ali, Usman, Abdullah
etc.
• All objects of Person class will have same characteristics and functions
• However, the values of each object can be different and assigned after creating an
object
Classes
• Each object of a class is known as instance of its class.
• For example
• Ali, Usman and Abdullah are three instances of a class Person
Key Tools for Programming
Editors: Allows user to enter the program. Notepad etc are all editors.

Compilers: Translates the program into target code .

Debuggers: Allows a programmer to run the program to see the execution of the program and correct
any errors.

Profilers: Used to evaluate program’s performance.

Integrated Development Environment (IDE): Combines editor, compiler, debugger and profiler or a
subset into one tool.
◦ Common Java IDEs are Eclipse, Netbeans, BlueJ, and DrJava.
Characteristics of the Java PL
Simple

Object oriented

Distributed

Multithreaded

Dynamic

Architecture neutral
Java Procedure
The essential steps to creating and running Java programs go as follows:
◦ Create a Java source code file
◦ Compile the source code
◦ Run the compiled code in a Java Virtual Machine.
 Java Procedure Detail
1. You create the code with a text editor (for example
notepad) and save it to a file with the ".java" suffix.
2. All Java source code files must end with this type name.
3. The first part of the name must match the class name in
the source code.
4. In the figure the class name is Test so you must therefore
save it to the file name Test.java.
 Java Procedure
Detail
1. With the javac program, you compile this file
as follows:
◦ C:> javac Test.java

2. This creates a bytecode file that ends with

the ".class" type appended.
◦ Here the output is Test.class.
◦ The bytecode consists of the instructions for the
Java Virtual Machine (JVM or just VM).
Java Procedure Detail
The JVM is an interpreter program that
emulates a processor that executes the
bytecode instructions just as if it were a
hardware processor executing native
machine code instructions.
◦ The Java bytecode can then run on any
platform in which the JVM is available and the
program should perform the same.
◦ This Write Once, Run Anywhere approach is a
key goal of the Java language.
 Programming Tools
You can choose from essentially two different programming environments for Java:
◦ Manual – with text editor (notepad) create the Java source code files (*.java) and
then use the command line tools in the Java Software Development Kit (SDK). The
SDK is provided by Sun for several platforms and includes a number of tools, the
most important of which are:
◦ javac - compiles Java source code files (e.g. Test.java) to bytecode files (e.g.
Test.class) *
◦ java - runs Java application programs (i.e. implements the
JVM for the Java programs.)
 Programming Tools
◦ Integrated Development Environment (IDE) - graphical user interface
programming environments (often called GUI Builders) are elaborate, programs
that allow you to interactively build graphical interfaces, edit the code, execute
and run the applets and applications all within the IDE system. Example Java
IDEs include:
◦ NetBeans
◦ Borland JBuilder
◦ Eclipse
◦ Dr Java
◦ Visual Studio Code
Examples
Let's create our first Java file, called Main.java, which can be done in any text editor (like
Notepad).
The file should contain a "Hello World" message, which is written with the following code:
Java Syntax

Every line of code that runs in Java must be inside a class. In our example, we
named the class Main. A class should always start with an uppercase first letter.
Note: Java is case-sensitive: "MyClass" and "myclass" has different meaning.
The name of the java file must match the class name. When saving the file,
save it using the class name and add ".java" to the end of the filename.
The main Method
 Java Output

Note: The curly braces {} marks the beginning and the end of a block of code.

System is a built-in Java class that contains useful members, such as out, which is short
for "output". The println() method, short for "print line", is used to print a value to the
screen (or a file).
 Cont..
You can add as many println() methods as you want. Note that it will add a new line for each method:

You can also output numbers, and perform mathematical calculations:

 The Print() Method
There is also a print() method, which is similar to println().
The only difference is that it does not insert a new line at the end of
the output:
 Java Comments
Comments can be used to explain Java code, and to make it more readable. It can also be used
to prevent execution when testing alternative code
Single-line Comments
Single-line comments start with two forward slashes (//).
Any text between // and the end of the line is ignored by Java (will not be executed).
This example uses a single-line comment before a line of code:
 Java Multi-line Comments
Multi-line comments start with /* and ends with */.
Any text between /* and */ will be ignored by Java.
This example uses a multi-line comment (a comment block) to explain the code:
Example for Classes and Objects