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Questions For MID Fall 2024

The document covers key concepts in atomic structure, chemical equilibria, colligative properties, and phase diagrams. It includes detailed questions on Rutherford's experiment, Bohr's theory, quantum numbers, chemical equilibrium dynamics, and methods for determining molar mass. Additionally, it discusses important principles such as Le Chatelier’s Principle and Raoult’s law.

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20 views3 pages

Questions For MID Fall 2024

The document covers key concepts in atomic structure, chemical equilibria, colligative properties, and phase diagrams. It includes detailed questions on Rutherford's experiment, Bohr's theory, quantum numbers, chemical equilibrium dynamics, and methods for determining molar mass. Additionally, it discusses important principles such as Le Chatelier’s Principle and Raoult’s law.

Uploaded by

24101038
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Atomic Structure

1. Write Rutherford’s experiment of scattering of α-particles and give the drawbacks of


atomic model.
2. State postulates of Bohr’s theory of an atom and derive an expression for radius of Bohr
orbit of hydrogen atom.
3. Using Bohr’s atomic model, derive an equation for total energy of orbit of an electron
4. What is the wavelength of a photon emitted during a transition from the ni = 5 state to
the nf = 2 state in the hydrogen atom? Rh = 2.18×10-18J.
5. Define quantum numbers. Calculate the value of l, m and number of electrons of the
orbitals when n= 1, 2, 3, 4.
6. What are quantum numbers? Which orbitals are possible among 2s, 2d, 3f and 4f?
7. What are the significances of quantum numbers?
8. Discuss the following :
1. Hund’s Rule of Maximum multiplicity.
2. Pauli’s Exclusion Principle.
3. Aufbau principle

1.

Chemical Equilibria
1. Why is chemical equilibrium called a dynamic equilibrium?
2. Describe homogenous and heterogeneous equilibria.
3. What is standard free energy change? Derive a relationship between standard free energy
change and equilibrium constant of a reaction at a given temperature (Prove that ΔG° = –
RT ln Kp) / Derive van’t Hoff reaction isotherm for the reaction:
aA + bB + ..... ↔ lL + mM + ........
4. Derive the relation between Kc and Kp
5. For a reaction Kp = Kc : What do you infer from this?
6. Show the relationship between Kp and Kc where the reaction is 2SO2 + O2 ↔ 2SO3.
7. Write a short note on “Le Chatelier’s Principle”.
8. SOLVED PROBLEM 1. At 500°C, the reaction between N2 and H2 to form ammonia has
Kc = 6.0 × 10–2. What is the numerical value of Kp for the reaction?
9. SOLVED PROBLEM 2. The value of Kp at 25°C for the reaction 2NO(g) + Cl2 (g) ↔
2NOCl(g) is 1.9 × 103 atm–1. Calculate the value of Kc at the same temperature.
10. SOLVED PROBLEM 1. Calculate K for reaction which has ΔG° value –20 kcal at 25°C.
11. SOLVED PROBLEM 2. The standard free energy change for the reaction N2(g) + O2(g)
↔ 2NO(g) is +173.1 kJ. Calculate Kp for the reaction at 25°C.
12. The equilibrium constant, Kp for the reaction C2H4(g) + H2(g) ↔ C2H6 (g) is 5.04 × 1017
atm–1 at 25°C. Calculate ΔG°.

Solution
1. Define colligative properties. State Raoult’s law and derive the Raoult’s law from
lowering of vapour pressure.
2. Describe a method for determining the molar mass of a non-volatile solute by the
relative lowering of vapour pressure of solvent.
3. What is the molal elevation constant? Show the relationship between the elevation of
boiling point and lowering of vapor pressure
4. What do you understand by boiling point? Derive an expression relating the elevation
of boiling point of a solution with the mole fraction of the dissolved solute.
5. Define osmosis? State van’t Hoff’s law of osmotic pressure and deduce osmotic
pressure equation p = CRT. The symbols have their usual significance.
6. Define osmotic pressure. How molecular weight of a substance can be determined by
osmotic pressure method?
7. In a Cottrell determination, 22 g of benzene was used as solvent. The readings on the
differential thermometer before and after adding 0.586 g of naphthalene (mol mass =
128), were 1.262 and 1.799 respectively. In a separate experiment, using the same
amount of benzene but this time adding 0.627 g of an organic compound X, the
temperature readings were 1.269 and 1.963. Calculate the molecular mass of X.
8. Acetone boils at 56.38∘C and a solution of 1.41g of an organic compound in 20 g of
acetone boils at 56.88∘C. Calculate the molar mass of the organic compound
(Given Kb for acetone =1.67Kkg/mol).
9. The boiling point of a solution containing 0.20 g of a substance X in 20.00 g of ether
is 0.17 K higher than that of pure ether. Calculate the molecular mass of X. Boiling
point constant of ether per 1 Kg is 2.16 K.
10. 1.250 g of naphthalene was dissolved in 60 cm3 of benzene and the freezing point of
the solution was found to be 277.515 K, while that of benzene 278.495 K. Density of
benzene = 0.880 g cm–3, Kf = 5.1 K per 1000 g benzene. Calculate the molecular mass
of naphthalene.

Phase diagram
1. Discuss main features of the phase diagram of water system.
2. Discuss the salient features of phase diagram of carbon dioxide system.
3. Define phase, component, and degrees of freedom.
4. Find out the number of degrees of freedom in the following systems:
i. Sulphur(l) ↔ Sulphur(vap)
ii. CaCO3(s) ↔ CaO(s) + CO2(g)
iii. NH4Cl(s) ↔NH3(g) + HCl(g)
iv. H2O(s) ↔H2O(l ) ↔ H2O(g)
v. N2(g) + O2(g) ↔ 2NO(g)
vi. Na2SO4 .10H2O ↔ Na2SO4 + 10H2O(g)

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