STR .

OF ATOM

CLIff-JEE
① DALTONS THEORY

failed After Isotopes .

②

#
CATHODE RAY TUBE
- -

at dow P blu High voltage -

gas

by Electric Magnetic
-
Blue beam
of Rays deflected

field

in Beam on
chage
in
go (fudamatch
chage
.

Mo
particle
-

g natul
.
discovered
~ electrons were

x1079c /Milliken oil drop Exp

&e = -1 .
6

me
=
9 : 11 x 10-31 kg
 Anode
-
R tube
-

-
Pq

a
charged more from
ionise becomes they
Gases
-

to cathode -
[Depende an
gal
Anude

- ionised H = H
+ =
P

dependent
.

these gas
changed
-

& changed a gas

M

1 . 625 x 1527 leg

=
-
mp
16 x
10-1 C
Op
=
 James Chadwick
-
-

were
discovered .

not add up neutrons

the did ,
As no

1067 X 1027 /S
-

Ma =

E
On =
 Rutherford Gold foil Exp . (6 =
mett) ]
-
-

-
Atom Empty
has spaces

at Centre
-

Mucleus
contains the charge s

mas)

Nucleus ~10-5 m

- 10
m
~
10
A for

Moxwell
-

Any accelerated nucleus

into
gradually fall
-
emit I
particle will energy
 ⑭ planck
Quantum theory
-

↓,
dual nature
light
is
of
photons
- E &
called Qunta
.

in small blankets
-
light carries E
(discret packet)
Wale

v
I
no
=

v
=
nv =

Qutamum
E in one
freauery
=
C = av
h = 6 .
63 x 10-34 JS Planck cast
 Planch's theory was used to
Explain photoelectric effect

Albert
-
Einstein

S
Threshold Energy mir E
a
needed to

work function Reme e-

w + k light/Radiation
Ex =
threshold freaney of
Vo =

incident
twevt
↑

he = Gr +
Atomic
-
spectrum

-
Atomic spectrum was different

for different gase

gases looking
- we identify
at its spectrum
.

-
Balmer studied the idea
El

proposed formula for spectrum

Lines
of Hydrogen .
 Spectrum
Hygen -

R = 1 : 09 x
107 m
-

(i (i) +
or
1 = mz
-
=
ann
↑ (A))

10 = 151m
10-am
=
I
E
Inm =
 (Long(r)

(short IR)

/Short 2R]

-
911-3000 As
3644 - 6552As
 -trasitic
emitted during
Mo
o wavelength
.

M = (nz - H .
) (
+
2
- n, + 1)

2
H-spectrum
-
Rad to Bohr's
Atomic Model

↓
to 1-e species
limited only

Litt
H ,
Het ,
 Quantization
of Angular momation

is integral
t
·
momatum
mevr =
Angular
he
multiple of -

2
0 529n o
·

v = A
.

· xn =
2 . 10 x
100 als

xey
RE = 15 .

X
· LE = -

13 6.

XEL
ex
PE = -2 x 156
 shell Hrature
Tota Energy of e in th
of

R Energy on
Jumping e-gains or

I
-
15 :
6 ex
looses Energy

3 42x DE
2
El-El
.
-

3 -
1 .
51 ex

Y -
0 .
05 ex

Co O
 ideas Mechanics
Mudern I -
Quantum
- -

in motion wouel-

De-brogle Hypothesis -
All particle are

-
-

- Duol nature of e- a =
↓
P
be or
-

e ca particle wove.

A
P = mometer.
-e as wove
ne =

-
k = p2
-

2n
Heisber uncertanity principle
-
we can't
simultaneoly
-

position momati
-

el
-
measure

& a microscopic moving

Dpd)
, particle

(
momatum
& position
error
Error

Schodingers wove Equation which

-
-
Y = wove functio
tells about position
HY = EY 5) Monatur of
particle -

S Orbitals were introduced

around to fod
volume/space/Regin nucleus e-
Quatun -
Rules for Electronic configuration

+el Rule

-
 orbitals
Shopes &
-

Exceptions -

(v(z = 24)

Expected (Ar) 3 d44s2

observed = Car] Sd54s

w(z =
(a)

(Ar] 3094st
Spected =

(A) 3010 us
Observed =
in atom space
Modes =
-
Region
where probabity
to fed e-

is 0

Total Radio nodes = 1 -1-1

tota Angular nodes =

l

nocks n 1
Total
= -