AWN ation compounds - Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, ‘of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding, Werner's theory, VBT, and CFT: structure erism, importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and rem). DDITION COMPOUNDS ---(P¥ anpounds which are formed by the combination of two or more stable compounds in stoichiometric ratio. a There are 2 types of addition compounds. 1 Double Salts 1D Coordination Compounds 1, Double salts: Addition compounds which lose their identity in solution are called double salts. For example: Potash Alum (K,SO,.AI,(SO,),.24H,0) K SO; AP SO; Evaporation —_ “Hycraisis K,SO,(aq) Al,(SO,);(0q) Solution K,SO,,Al,(SO,),.24H,0 Braces test Tt gives test +Tt gives test of Crystals of Potash alum of k, SOF of Al*, SO? K:, AP", SOP 2 Coordination Compounds/Coordination Complex: Addition compounds which does not lose their identity in ‘Solution are called co-ordination ‘compounds/complex. For example: K,Fe(CN),} Fee chr oN a. | ais — | ree : a of t aS 4 KCN(aq.) K,[Fe(CN), (oq) NC nN «It gives test + It does not give test of Fe, g of K/CN CN: because Fe* forms a complex ion with CN’.Q (1) Identify the compound as double salt or coordination ‘compound? l Fe(CN),.4KCN, CuSO, 4NH,, KCLMgCI,,6H,0, FeSO, (NH,),50,.6H,0 Sol. Fe(CN), 4KCN K,{Fe(CN),] > Coordination compound CuSO, 4NH, [CuNH,),J50, > Coordination compound KCI.MgCl,,6H,0 Double salt (known as Carnallite) FeSO, (NH,),S0,6H,0 Double salt (known as Mohr's salt) TERMINOLOGY AND ITS DEFINITION 1. Coordination Entity/Sphere: The central atom/ion and the ligands Coordination sphere/entity attached to it are enclosed in square brackets and are collectively a ite known as coordination entity or coordination sphere. i ¥ NX Ion 2. Ligand: The donor atoms, ions or molecules which donate a pair of [Co(NH,),] (Cl, ) electrons to the central metal atom/ion are called ligands. y - F le: Central SF sinction rere ce Metalatom Ligand numer” Here NH, is a ligand because it donates lone pair of electron to Co* ion. Pee Re UL. Loa CUT aan) y De Cu piu ee ae ele Ld ary aig ai ite ito Nitrite NO; Nitrito NO Nitrosy! ide. ido Chloride cl- Chloride | No* | Nitrogen ate ato NitrateNO; | — Nitrato | NH, -1 NH, | Hydrazine NH, | Hydrazinion Co) UN F Fluorido Hydroxo I Chlorido H ieiverido, [aaa Ba Bromide GOR | Onaerot00) | r Todido cox Carbonate | “| eyanide/¢yano Nes: “Tsothiocyanato NH; ‘Amido ‘SCN Thiocyanato Thiosulphato ONO” Nitrito-O [Senne | Tw | nem 2 J QO Pyridine NO Nitrosy! Gg reeceDenticity: The no. of donor atoms present in a ligand, is called denticity of ligand. Cee eee) reed oa having only | When a ligand can bind through 2 | When a ligand can bind to metal ion/ donor site. donor sites. atom through more than 2 donor “IT Ethane - 1, 2-diamine: (en) EDTA®: Ethylene diamine tetraace- NH, - CH, - CH, - NH, ‘tate ion 0Cc-cH, Noles doc-cH ie \\cH,-coo- It is a hexadentate ligand because it can bind through 2 nitrogen and 4 Piety iyerinea (og) ‘oxygen atoms to a central metal. 2 gether, o Oxalate: ox ome TM Glycinate: (gly)MCQ (3) Which of the following is not a chelating agent? : (A) Thiosulphato (8) Oxalato (©) Glycinato (D) Eth, ‘Sol. (A) Thiosulphate or $,0%is not a chelating agent since it is a monodentate ligand MCQ (4) Which of the following is the most stable complex species? (A) [Fe(co),) (8) [Fe(cn), > (©) [Fe(c,0,),F (©) (Fey Sol. (C) Only [Fe(C,0,),F isa coordination compound which contains oxalate ion as.a chelating jg 'T stabilizes coordination compound by chelating Fe™ ion, Ambidentate Ligand: Unidentate ligands containing more than one coordinating atoms are ambidentate igang ° MONG M<0_N=o Mesen M«N¢cs ‘° nitrito-N nitrito-O Thiocyanato Tsothiocyanato - Homoleptic and Heteroleptic Complexes RoC Pica Complex in which a metal is bound to only one kind of | Complex in which a metal i donor ligands. kind of donor ligands, [Co(H,0),¥* : only one ‘type of ligand [Co(H,0),8r, + Two different ligands, 7. Coordination Number: No. of li 'gand donor atoms to which the Coordination number = No. of ligands « Denticity [Co(NH,),)*= Coordination number = No, of ligands « Denticity = 6x1= 6 [Co(en),}* = Coordination number = 3x2=6 INWNH,),F* = Coordination number = 41 = 4 8. Coordination Polyhedron: The ‘Spatial arr central atom/ion defines a ‘coordination metal is directly bonded, rangement of the ligand atoms which are directly attached to the Polyhedron about the central atom, L See oy 1, aa a i a 5 Im NL INi i ~, Tetrahedral ‘Square planar Trigonal Square bipyramidal pyramidal 9. Oxidation State of Central Metal 74 x is the oxidation state of central metal then eS Serve secinesee+ 6 (charge on NH, X+6x0=+3, then J. |tere,o.ce, 0 oxidation state of Cr + 6(charge on Hy i x + 6(0) + 3(1) = 0, then x= oxidation state of Ni+4 (charge on CO) = 0 x+4(0)=Othenx=0 tity i is enclosed in square bracket. dination sphere, metal atom is written first, followed b of abbreviation is considered in abbreviated ligands [like en, Ox, EDTA ] Cc aieeielee ee x Anion | Complex| " Tg perma ead Naa Cation ‘Same as element INi(H,0),F° N Anion Ends with ate (Nicl,¢ Nic Neutral ‘Same as element [Ni(CO),] Metal pamela cr Chromium Chromate Pt Platinum Platinate Co Cobalt Cobaltate Zn Zine Zincate | Ag Silver Argentate ‘Au Gold Aurate Fe Tron Ferrate @ K,{Fe(N)] > (®) Ni(Co),> (©) [Co(NH,),(H,0),] Br. > (@) [Ag(NH,),] [AQ(CN),} > Potassium hexacyanidoferrate (IIT) Tetracarbonyinickel (0) Tetraamminediaquacobalt (IZ) bromide Diamminesilver (Z) dicyanidoargentate (Z) Note: Silver always has +1 oxidation state in its compound. Cationic part: [Ag(NH,),]: diamminesilver (I) Anionic part: [Ag(CN),}: dicyanidoargentate (I) MCQ (5) IUPAC name of [Pt(NH,),CI(NO,)] is: (A) Platinum diaminechloronitrite (©) Diamminechloridonitrito-N-platinum (IZ) (B) Chloronitrito-N-ammineplatinum (IZ) (D) Diamminechloronitrito-N-platinate (II) Sol. (C) [Pt(NH,),CI(NO,)] is diamminechloridonitrito-N-platinum (qm). PYQ's Table (2013 - 2024) BTN[Potesum hecho | Hexamminecobalt (ITT) c chloride, Pentaamyminenitrito- O-cobalt (IIT) ion | Potassium trioxalatoaiuminate (EET) [Dicheridbis (ethane, 2-donine bal xt) Sodium dicyanideaurate(t) i | Tetraammine chloridonitrito-N-platinum (ZV) sulphate Tris(ethane-1, 2-diamine) cobalt (TZ) ion | Hexaamminecobalt (ITT) sulphate fie Potassium trioxala techromate (III) When a co-ordination compound Nicl,.6H,O mixed with AgNO,, 2 moles of AgCl are precipitated per mole ‘of the compound. Write (a) Structural formula of the complex. (®) Secondary valency of 'Ni' in the complex. ) TUPAC name of the complex. INi(H,0), C1, [Nich 64.0 2A9¢1 1] ‘Secondary Valency = Co-ordination No. Hexaaquanickel (IT) chloride. aleptic complex from the following complexes is: Triamminetriaquachromium (IIT) chloride _(B) Potassium trioxolatoaluminate: (ZIT) jiamminechloridonitrito - N- platinum(IZ) _ (D) Pentaamminecarbonatocobalt (III) chloride Ssium trioxalatoaluminate (III) is K,(AI(C,0,),] which has only oxalate ion os ligand. TUPAC name of the complex: [Ag(H,0),][Ag(CN),1] is (8) Dicyonidesilver(TT) diaquaargentate(IT) ilver(II) dicyanidoargentate(IZ) (0) Dicyanidosilver(Z) diaquaargentate(I) [AQ(CN),] -» Diaquasitver(Z) dicyanidoargentate(Z) state of Ag= +1 lof the complex dichloridobis (ethane 10,),] (B) {PtCl,(en), (NO) ds <1, 2-diamine) platinum (LV) nitrate is (CBSE, 2023) (6) [PtCl,{en)(NO,)INO, (D) [Pt(en),(NO,),I¢1, ieWERNER’S THEOR Werner was the first to formulate his idea about the structures of coordination compounds. The main » 1. In coordination compounds metals show two types of valency: (@) Primary Valency (b) Secondary Valency 2. The primary valencies are normally ionisable and are satisfied by negatively charged ions. 3. The secondary valencies are non-ionisable. These are satisfied by neutral molecules or negatively cho-s, . The ions/groups bounded by secondary valency to metal have spatial arrangements corresponding + coordination number. MODERN FORMULATION Primary valency = oxidation state of metal. Secondary valency = coordination num aed Pi rimary Valency/Oxidation state Secondary Valency/ No. [co(NH,),J01, 3 6 (this valency is satisfied by 3Ct) (this valency is satisfied by 6NH,) [co(NH,).c1)C1, 3 5+1=6 (this valency is satisfied by 3CI) (this valency is satisfied by 5NH, and [eo(NH,),C1,}C1 +3 4+2=6 (this valency is satisfied by 3Ct) (this valency is satisfied by 4NH, a’ EXPERIMENTS, 1. Precipitation reaction with AgNO, Ina series of compounds of cobalt (III) chloride with ammonia, it was found that some of chloride ions coulc Precipitated as AgCl on adding excess AgNO, solution but some remained in solution. @ Tt means that 3 mol Ct were AgNO, present in aq. solution of Excess CoCl, 6NH, White ppt ‘Aq. Solution of ‘AgCl (3 mol) 1 mol CoCl,.6NH,(a9.) © O Ttmeans that 2 mol Ci were present ‘A5N0, ing, Solution of CoCl, SNH, Excess White ppt Ag. Solution of AgCl (2 mol) © Q Ttmeans that 1 mol Ci was present in aq. Solutic CoCl,.4NH, pees in aq. Solution of CoC, White ppt Aq. Solution of AgCl (1 mol) eee OL, * eeFons in ag. soltion conductivity corresponds to | ne of ions ing. solution be Order of conductivi > G0Cl,5NH, > _CoCl,4NH, CoC, 6NH. The formula of the W2Q (6) When 1 mol CrCl, 6H,0 is treated with excess of AgNO,, 3 mol of AgCl are obtained complex is: te (A) [erci,(H,0),}3H,0 (B) [Crcl,(H,0),}€12H,O i (©) [Crc\(H,0),}¢1,H,0 (0) [er(H,0),Je Beat, (0) 3 mol of AgCl means 3ct are given in the solution hence, the formula of the complex will Be [er(H,0),J¢,. {9) When 0.1 mol CoCl,(NH,), is treated with excess of AgNO,,0.2 mol of AgClare abtained The conductivity of solution will correspond to: (A) 1:3electrolyte (8) 1:2 electrolyte |. (B) One mole of AgNO, precipitates one mole of chl | istreatedwith excess of AgNO,,0.2 mole of Ag¢l in the solution of electrolyte. So, molecular formula of complex will be [ [Co(NH,),Cl}* and two CI as constituent ions. (2) What is the secondary valency of Cobalt in [Co(en 6 (e) 4 joe2 (0) 8 In{Co(en),Ci,}, secondary valency is 6 because en (bidentate ligand) binds to the Co ion by its 2 coordination ‘sites, for two en, it has 4 coordination sites and Cl from its 2 donor sites (unidentate ligand). 8) Write the modern representat Ptcl,2NH,,CoCl,. 4NH,.PtCl, 2HCI, NiCl, (©) 1: Lelectrolyte () 3: Lelectrolyte loride ion. In the above reaction, when 0.1 mole CoCl,(NH;), ‘are obtained, thus, there must be two free chloride ions Co(NH,), CCl, and electrolytic solution must contain Thus, it is 1:2 electrolyte. CY? (CBSE, 2023) jon and secondary valency of following compounds? H,0, PACl,. 4NH, mee eo (PHONH,).Cld -CoCl,.4NH, 2 [Co(NH,),€1,IC1 1, 4NH, = in 7 2 (NiO), IC). complexes in the increasing order of conductivity of thelr solution: [Co(NH,),Cl), _ [Cr(NH,)-CHIC,‘A coordination compound CrCl,: 4H,0 precipitates silver chloride when treated with si L ae molar conductance of its solution corresponds to a total of two ions, Write the struc ‘compound and name it, P Sol TH gies white precipitate of Agcl with AQNO, it means it has cI ion outside the oan. | sphere. Since it gives conductance of two ions the formula wll be {Cr(H,O),,]Cl THs Tura. ‘etraaquadichloridochromium(IIZ) chloride. VALENCE BOND THEOR As we have studied in chemical bonding chapter (in class 11"), hybridization happens only for Here we are going to consider the bonding between central metal atom/ion and ligands (3 Because ligand gives a pain of electron to central metal through overlapping of orbitals. So, atomic orbitls that are going in hybridization should be empty. bonding purpose The metal ion/atom under the influence of ligand can use its [(n = 1) d, ns, np] or [ns , np , nd] orbitals f hybridization to give a set of definite geometry (octahedral, tetrahedral, square planar), ten ae er en procera Rl er ear dsp? pe esp? | _Tetrahedral ‘Square planar Octahedral — Octahedral Sen eenedrs HYBRIDIZATION IN OCTAHEDRAL COMPLEX Inner Orbital Complex Hf inner (n-1) d-orbitals of metal is used in hybridization with outers and 'P orbitals then such hybridization is know 5 inner orbital hybridization, A complex having such hybrid ation is known as inner orbital complex (EOC) GEE we ae Q Two , 3d orbitals are vacant in Ve- ion. G So, two Sd orbitals one 4s and three 4p orbitals oe going to take part in hybridisation, ai) | I ¢®sp? Hybridization © After hybridization six dsp hybrid orbitals are obtained. Now these hybrid orbitals are ready 1° accept electron pair from ligand. in 3d wHor GOT Gee pps G Here, 6H,0 ligands are donating lone pir in 6 voro"! 3d Honeabad hybrid orbitals, used Q In this hybridization, inner (n-1) d-orbitals are us (Bd), So [V(H,0),}* is an LOC. & D na orbitals of metal are taking part in hybridization with ns and 1 oe Srl hybridization, And complex having such hybridization is know" yen suchCET 2 Nevacant orb 4d bite a available re penne: (TATUM bottle © Here, 6H,0 ligands are donating 3d H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0 lone air in 6 ant hybrid 0 Iris possible to predict the geometry of a complex from the knowledge of its magnetic behaviour on the basis of VBT. fe Magnetic moment of a complex depends on no. of unpaired electrons “ Mognes moment = n(n *2) BM 0, of unpaired electrons, BM = Bohr Magneton (ii) Paramagnetic (n+ 0) @ Magnetic behaviour: (i) Diamagnetic (n= 0) d-Scale for Hybridisation (Octahedral) deed i++ 44 ti lee coe {espe fi Lt eee ee ec coe ec eae eee "aca eana ceca Peas atmo Poem Pea eeu alg ce Air lable for hybridisation Peurrg For d* complex Hybridisation Type of complex Er cucus Inner orbital complex mplex [mn(cN),} spd? —_| Outer orbital complex ecg Pee aaa a eS octal so ee Inner orbital complexal Se aaa Mag Inner orbital com Coc d'sp? [co(¢,0.),P Diamagnetic (mnagnetic moment = 0) | orbital complex 7 [car,jr [Poramagretic with 4 unpaired electrons (magnetic moment = 4.89 BM) 1. [Co(NH,),]?° : Diamagnetic in nature ~--(PYQ) O It is given that complex is pe miter] CI diamagnetic, so all elect (Gd?) 3d 4s 4p should be paired. Hybridisation: [coNH,),P: (INT ROBO ROR GIES © Here, 6 NH, ligands are donating t i [Inner orbital Tlceanetnay lone pair in vacant hybrid orbitals complex] as 2. [CoF,J* : Paramagnetic octahedral complex ~--(PYQ) Paramagnetic means unpaired electrons are present. Co’ fon Bo f ] 9 Tris given that complex Gd) 3d 4s ap ‘4d is paramagnetic, means ’ unpaired electron/s. sp'd? : outer orbital hybridisation Hybridisation: [TT [4 [> ] torr: TT) fe = [nner t _ O Here, 6 F® ligands are Complex] F = ft ie Orbital donating lone pair in vacant hybrid orbitals1 [Nicl,J* : Paramagnetic in nature ---(P¥Q) Ni® ion: MINT [T] ff (3d*) 3d Fes —] Hybridisation: [UTI 17] I ] sP° Hybridisation, 3d = So geometry is tetrahedral INiCI,F: MININTT TT] 2, Ni(CO), : Diamagnetic in nature. ---(PYQ) Ni(O): a a (3d*4s*) 3d 45 aa Hybridisation: [FU[T[T[N[TD 3d [ [J sp? Hybridisation > Tetrahedral dsp? Hybridisation, ‘So geometry is square planar AN) elec tush “th CN CN CN CN plain colour of coordination compounds. rnation of kinetic and thermodynamic stabilities of complex. between weak and strong ligands.CRYSTAL FIELD THEOR CRYSTAL FIELD SPLITTING IN OCTAHEDRAL COMPLEXES Under the influence of 6 ligands degeneracy of d orbitals has been removed in octahedral complex. Removal of degeneracy gives three orbitals [d,,, 4, energy [d,.d. yp =, set] Gd, ondd, orbitalspoint tovards theaxes long the direction the igand,wilexperience more repulsionc due to ligand-metal ele 4,,= th, set] of lower energy (t,,) and t in energy, @ d,,4_,d, orbitals are directed between axes, will be lowered in energy relative to average energy (in crystal field) G1 Splitting of degenerate levels due to the presence of ligands in a definite geometry is called Crystal field spj ‘and the energy separation is denoted by A, [Crystal field splitting energy]. =P, Energy Metal” dy dyes dy, d orbitals SS Average energy of the plitting of d orbital: dy.dj.d,.dzd,., orbitals in spherical Sha lady. pies fhe octahedral crystal field d Orbital Spli eis Set ing in an Octahedral Crystal Field arrest depends upon the field produced by ligand and charge on metal ion ne cd 7 sic Ra Cie un ey \. ed \, Elect ; aii Wty onic configuration: 1),¢° 4 ae Electronic confi ; No. of unpaired electrons = 1 pe Magnetic moment = A(t+2) em Electronic configuration: tie? No. of unpaired electrons = 2 No. of unpaired electrons = 3 Magnetic =1.73 8M ‘cmoment = 2(22) om Example: [Ti(H,0),)* 82 BM a Example: (Ti(H,0),7-ergy: ThE energy to sionarewillbe ris, atts [pata (P= pairing enersy) 1D If the crystal field splitting parameter (4) is Jarge because of strong-bonding ligands, then the pairing energy will be smaller, and the complex wil bbe low-spin. | 1 4Melectron enters into t, orbital and configuration | ne G Ligands for which A, >P ore known os strong field | | ligand. (SFL) | 1 No. of unpaired electron = 2 ray (in the spheric: rystal field splitting =--P¥Q) 'B Magnetic moment = \2(2+2) =2.82 8h 1G Example: [Cr(CN),] | SPECTROCHEMICAL SERIES 1 Tf ligands are arranged in a series (in the order 0 spectrochemical series, {8 Halogen donors « Oxygen donors « Nitrogen in G Fe Br Son < Ct « S*< Fs OH P 1,0 0s SFL with Co? dP 1,0 0s WPL with NIT,

P : Low Spin Complex Ade HHT. M4: Electronic configuration = te Electronic configuration = t3,¢ | No, of unpaired electron No. of unpaired electrons = Magnetic moment = ,fi(1=2) 8M Magnetic moment = /5(5+2) 8M 738M =5.91BM Beep SA Example = [FeF}” @ (6) Explain why [Fe(},0),}* has a magnetic moment value of 5.92 BM whereas [Fe(CN),]* has a value of on'y 1748M. | ic ‘Sol, The weak field ligand, H,0 in [Fe(H,0),}*, does not cause pairing of electrons. And therefore, there w bbe 5 unpaired electrons. {GN is avery strong field ligand which can easity cause the pairing of the electrons. And Fe* in [Fe(CN),]' hos one unpaired electron. 1,» P Low Spin Complex 4,

Large splitting = field strength 7 Wavelength of light for transition (7) {= field strength T (@) [Co(CN), > Field strength: CN" > NH, > H,0 > Cl (b) [Co(NH,),}* Absorbed energy for transition: a> b> > d (0) [Co(NH,).(H,0)]" ‘Absorbed wavelength of light for transition: (d) (CoCI(NH,),F* (Because absorbed and observed colours are complementary) {e) [Cu(H,0), Tt has tetrahedral geometry (A, «4o) $° less energy is required for transition than octahedral (a,b, c and d) complexes Absorbed wavelength for transition :a {Co(NH,).50,} +By- (iii) Solvate Tsomerism: Q Isomers having same molecular for Solution are known as ionisation isomers ond ---¥0) is solution mula but i Seas neo thepeen DAGSSw l n a Eurigite ---(PYQ) (GAHLONIE,,[erH. 03.1, 440, {EXH.0),01 16.2440 and fcr 0),C1,13H,0 (iv) Coordination Isomerism: aoe Q This type of isomerism arises in i metal ions present ina compte ‘he interchange of ligands between cationic ‘and anionic entities of different Example : ~(PYQ) [ten XEMEN Send een), feat 1 | 8 i aaa teven B TPHONH,) Iicucl,} and (cu(NH, PC)~-P¥q) Geometrical Isomers of [Co(NH,),Cl,} > 3 Ne ( Hy 1D Geometrical isomers of [CoCl,(en),] > ( HN’ cis O Geometrical isomers of [Ma,b,] (a, b = monodentate ligand) Facial (fac]: All 3 same ligands are at the corner of face of ‘octahedron Bond angle between same ligands => 0 = 90° (but 0 = 180°) Meridional {mer]: All 3 same ligands are on the same plane that bisects octahedron Bond angle between same ligands => (9 = 90° & 0 = 180°) 2 Geometrical Isomers ON No, NH, NH, ON, NO, gq Ae we Example: [Co(NH,),(NO,),} Co: we ON — 4) NH, O.N™ NH, NH, NH, ial Meridional 4 2 Geometrical Isomers a. & Tetrahedral complexes do not show geometrical isomerism because the relative positions of the Bi Uunidentate ligands (L) attached to the central metal atom (M) are the same nivh respect to each X other (all bond angles are same in tetrahedral complex), MCQ (17) Indicate the complex ion which shows geometrical isomerism, (A) [6r(H,0),C1,} (8) [Pt(NH,),cl] (C) [Co(NH,),}* Sol. (A) [Cr(H,0),¢l,} Ha Taga |” H, af Pali (D) [Co(en),(Nc)F cr cr S180" Vi Aree HO I ‘OH, H,0' q "OH cis-isomer ‘trans-isomer Raia ‘An imaginary plane which bisects th molecule into two equal halves Example: A -B- ~~ =f) -E SIsomerism ‘ical F ror images are non-superimposable are called optical isomers Complexes whose min hea msau- ar fi plone of symmetry and optical activity in geometrical isomers of (Co(NH,),Cl,] Trans form aS Here, Plane of symmetry is present because this plane bisects the molecule in2 equal halves. This plane bisects the molecule in 2 equal halves. So it has POS. © Optically Inactive Compound. _| 1 Optically Inactive Compound _ it will be optically inactive. having plane of symmetry cannot rotate plane polarized light $0, as two geometrical isomers, in which cis form is optically active (chiral) and shows optical isomerism. Note: Molecules 0 [Prcl,(en),] he ore aren 4 ; r unt ea } fo) Hine Pt. ' ( 1 Pr. SN | SNH, HN | NH; HN HN} l © Plane of symmetry is present so, it © No plane of symmetry 2 Optically active is optically inactive. One of the optical isomer is dextrorotatory (4) ‘and other is laevorotatory (!) mers (d and I) of [Cofen),}*: ---(PYQ) Optical isomers (d and 1) of cis [PtCl,(en),]*:---(PYQ) Ten ‘en_]show optical isomerism, { Square planar complexes have plane of symmetry. So they can not p' of these will ex Q (10) Write all the geometrical isomers of {Pt(NH,) (Br)(Cl)(Py)] and how many isomers? None of the above will s how optical isomerism because these platinum compounds are square have plane of symmetry, ically active only when all ligands are different O Tetrahedral complexes are opt ° ‘ M 1 Is | 4 eel °c Q C1) A complex of the type EMA), Y° is known to be optically active. What does this indicate about the structure of the complex? Give one example of such a complex, Sol. An optically active (M(AA),X, I" indicates cis-octahedral Structure, For example, cis- [Pt(en),C| F or cis-[Cr(en),cl,} For example: Grignard Reagent R= Mig - Br and Metal BONDING IN METAL CARBONYLS formed by the donation of a Pair of electron from a filled orbital of metal into vacant n* orbita) of co. P Ni ea q a “0 Ni(CO),{sp) Tetrahedral{2co co a aN CO och Mn—co 7 Py, be | Pe I oc ¢ co co co i [Mn,(CO),o] [Co,(CO),] Rees ee, to tis bond [Mn - Mn}: 1 Number of metal to metal bond [Co - Co}: 1 aridging CO: Number of bridging CO: 2 Number of terminal CO: 6 : complexing agent than NH,, why? pe pala, back papeing in CO complexes in which CO accepts electron density from filled orbitals of atom into their orbital, So, there is « as well as x interaction with metal in case of CO. But NH, ces only « bond with metal. Therefore CO is a stronger complexing agent than NH, INT eYeran Sar oe CML cca om oer 1 can be measured by a simple titration with Na,EDTA. Calcium estimation due to Water Hardness Testing: The hardness of water a) and magnesium (Mg) ions form stable complexes with EDTA, allowing for their selective ‘erences in the stability constants of their respective complexes. “Applications: There is growing interest in using chelation therapy in medicine to treat metal toxicity in plants and animals. excess copper and iron can be removed by chelating ligands such as D-penicillamit h the formation of coordination compounds. + Chelating agent ~> Binds with Cu» Treatment of wilsor's disease. ine and desferrioxime-B Desferrioxamine B -> Chelator -> Binds with Fe latin cis-[P1(NH,),Cl,] — To inhibit the growth of tumours. alamine) -» Coordination compound of Co -» Vitamin By: P ‘the amino acid residue from the e-term nal 0Note: Benzal Hel z 7 MONO-HALO COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ¢,, - X BOND (CBSE, 2022 Term-1) ov (case, 2023) (0) chEC—Be