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Key Terms Vocabulary

The document provides a comprehensive list of key terms related to computer systems and networking, including definitions for operating systems, hardware components, memory types, and security measures. It also covers concepts related to Windows Server, Active Directory, and networking protocols. Each term is explained succinctly to aid understanding of essential IT vocabulary.

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benjaminhall672
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11 views6 pages

Key Terms Vocabulary

The document provides a comprehensive list of key terms related to computer systems and networking, including definitions for operating systems, hardware components, memory types, and security measures. It also covers concepts related to Windows Server, Active Directory, and networking protocols. Each term is explained succinctly to aid understanding of essential IT vocabulary.

Uploaded by

benjaminhall672
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Key Terms Vocabulary

Kenneesha Matthews

Seattle Cental

IT130 1OL 30641

11/01/2025
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Key Terms Vocabulary

Windows: An operating system developed by Microsoft that provides a graphical interface for

interacting with a computer's hardware and software.

Processor: The central processing unit (CPU) that executes instructions and performs

calculations necessary for the computer to function.

RAM (Random Access Memory): Temporary memory used by the computer to store data for

active tasks; it clears when the computer shuts down.

ROM (Read-Only Memory): Permanent memory that contains essential instructions for booting

the computer; data cannot be modified.

Drives: Storage devices (e.g., hard drives, SSDs) used to store data and software permanently.

Video Systems: Hardware and software components responsible for rendering and displaying

images on the monitor, including GPUs and video drivers.

Pointing Devices: Input devices like mice, touchpads, and styluses used to interact with a

computer’s interface.

Network Card: Hardware that enables a computer to connect to a network for data

communication.

User Mode: A restricted execution mode for running applications with limited access to system

resources.

Kernel Mode: A privileged execution mode allowing the operating system to control hardware

and manage critical tasks.


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I/O Manager: Handles input/output operations between hardware devices and the operating

system.

Process Manager: Manages processes (programs in execution), including creation, scheduling,

and termination.

IPC Manager: Inter-process Communication Manager, facilitates data sharing and

communication between processes.

Power Manager: Manages the computer’s power usage, including sleep, hibernation, and

power-saving features.

Windows Manager: Handles graphical user interface (GUI) elements like windows, taskbars,

and menus.

Object Manager: Manages system resources as objects, providing a consistent interface for

interacting with them.

Device Driver: Software that allows the operating system to communicate with hardware

devices.

FAT (File Allocation Table): An older file system used for organizing and storing data on

drives.

FAT32: An improved version of FAT, supporting larger storage sizes and better performance.

NTFS (New Technology File System): A modern file system offering better security,

compression, and support for large volumes.

CDFS (Compact Disc File System): A file system used for reading data on optical discs like

CDs.
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Volumes: Logical storage units created on physical drives, like partitions.

Network Security: Measures and protocols to protect data and resources from unauthorized

access or cyberattacks.

Virus Protection: Software and strategies designed to detect, prevent, and remove malicious

programs.

Firewall: A security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic.

Work Groups: Peer-to-peer networks that allow resource sharing between computers in the

same group.

Windows Server: A Microsoft server operating system used for hosting applications, managing

networks, and providing services.

Domain: A centralized network model where a server manages user accounts and permissions.

Four Domain Models

1. Single Domain: All users and resources in one domain.

2. Multiple Domain: Separate domains connected by trust relationships.

3. Parent-Child: Hierarchical domains.

4. Forest: Multiple domain trees under one umbrella.

Active Directory

A directory service by Microsoft for managing users, groups, and computers in a domain.
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Server Roles: Functions performed by a server, such as file sharing, web hosting, or managing

domains.

Objects: Entities within Active Directory like users, groups, and printers.

Schema: Defines the structure and rules for objects in Active Directory.

Forest: A collection of domains and their shared configuration within Active Directory.

User Group: A collection of users with shared permissions and privileges.

Group Accounts: Accounts used to manage permissions for multiple users collectively.

Home Directories: Personal storage locations for users on a network.

User Profiles: Settings and preferences saved for individual users.

Global Groups: Groups used to organize users across multiple domains in a forest.

Universal Groups: Groups that can include users and groups from any domain within a forest.

Policies: Rules and settings applied to manage users, computers, and security.

Rights and Permissions: Authorization settings determining access to resources.

Client Software: Applications running on client devices to interact with servers or services.

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): The foundational protocol suite

for networking and internet communication.

IPCONFIG: A command-line tool for viewing and managing network configurations.

Share Permissions: Settings determining access levels (read, write, full control) for shared

resources.
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Event Viewer: A Windows tool for viewing logs about system and application events.

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