3.

Cooperative Learning
- makes use of a classroom organization where students work in groups or teams to help each other
learn. Concepts from small group theory and group dynamics serve as the basis upon which skills in
democratic procedures and collaborations are developed. This approach evolved strategies and
procedures that can help small groups solve their own problems and acquire information through
collective effort. The learning environment is characterized by strong motivation and smooth
interpersonal interactions
EXPLANATION:
This is a way of organizing the classroom where students are grouped into teams. In these teams, they
work together and help each other learn. Concepts or ideas from how small groups work and how
people interact in groups are used to help students learn how to work together, make group decisions,
and respect each other’s opinions. This approach evolved strategies and procedures that can help small
groups solve their own problems and acquire information through collective effort. The learning
environment is characterized by strong motivation and smooth interpersonal interactions

Characteristics Feature
1. It has two important components, namely:
Cooperative incentive structure - one where two or more individuals are interdependent for a
reward. They will share if they are successful as a group
This means that people in a group depend on each other to succeed. If the group does well,
everyone benefits. So, the reward (like a grade, praise, or achievement) is shared by the group
members. They are more likely to work together and support each other because their success
depends on teamwork.
Example: In a group project, everyone gets the same grade if the team does well. So, each
person has a reason to help others, ensuring the whole group succeeds.
 Focuses on the reward system for the group.
 Members are interdependent for a shared reward. If the group succeeds, everyone gets the
reward.
 The main idea is that the reward motivates group members to work together.

Cooperative task structure - a situation in which two or more individuals are allowed,
encouraged or required to work together on some tasks, coordinating their efforts to complete the
task
This means that group members are encouraged (or required) to work together on a specific
task. They have to coordinate their efforts to complete the task. In this structure, the focus is on
collaboration, where individuals combine their skills and knowledge to achieve a common
goal.
Example: In a science experiment, each group member might be responsible for different steps,
but everyone has to work together to make sure the experiment is completed successfully.
 Focuses on the task itself.
 Group members are required to coordinate their efforts to complete a specific task or
project.
 The main idea is that the task requires cooperation to be completed successfully, regardless
of the reward.

2. Student work in teams to tackle academic tasks

- Students are placed in groups and work together to complete their school assignments or
projects. Instead of working alone, they help each other understand and finish the tasks.
3. Rewards system are group-oriented rather than individually-oriented
- Instead of giving rewards to just one person for doing well, rewards are given to the entire
group. This means everyone benefits when the team works well together.
 4. The interactions within the group is controlled by the members themselves
- The group members decide how they will work together. They communicate, make decisions,
and solve problems as a team, without a teacher telling them what to do every step of the way.
5. Teams are made up of mixed abilities-high, average and low achievers
- Each group is made up of students with different levels of skills or abilities. This helps
everyone learn from each other, and stronger students can help others who might be struggling.
6. Each individual learner is accountable for his/her learning
- Even though the group works together, each student is responsible for their own learning. They
must do their part and make sure they understand the material.
7. The group reflects on and evaluates the group process they underwent
- After working together, the group talks about how they worked as a team. They discuss what
went well, what could be improved, and how they can work better next time.
8. Cooperative learning groups exhibit less competitive behavior
- In cooperative learning, the focus is on working together, not competing against each other.
Students are more focused on helping each other succeed rather than trying to outdo one another.
9. Group work develops friendliness, willingness to assist and the worthwhile value of "caring and
sharing"
- When students work in groups, they become more friendly and helpful toward each other. They
learn the value of sharing knowledge and supporting one another, building positive relationships.
Guidelines for its Effective Use
1. Heterogeneous grouping wherein high, average, and low achievers are mixed in a group.
Heterogeneous grouping has been found out to effect the performance of the group since the high
achievers can tutor the other members of the group, thus raising the group's achievement level.
However, homogenous grouping may be resorted to at times depending on the objectives of the learning
task.
- This means putting students with different abilities (strong, average, and struggling students) in
the same group. It helps because the better students can help others, which raises the overall
performance of the group. Sometimes, though, groups with students of similar abilities might be
used if the task needs it.
2. Make sure that the students exhibit the necessary social skills to work cooperatively in group
situations
- Students need to have good social skills, like being respectful, listening to others, and
communicating well, so they can work together smoothly in groups.
3. Arrange the furniture so that groups of students can sit facing each other during sessions. Provide
adequate space for ease and speed in movement
- The classroom furniture should be set up so students can sit in groups, facing each other. This
helps them discuss and collaborate more easily. There should also be enough space for them to
move around comfortably.
4. Provide adequate learning tools so as not to make others wait at a time they are needed
- Make sure that there are enough learning materials (like books, papers, or tools) for everyone in
the group. This prevents any students from having to wait while others use the materials
5. Encourage students to assume responsibility for individual and group learning by offering rewards for
achievement
- Students should be motivated to do well both for themselves and their group. Giving rewards
for individual and group success helps them take responsibility for their learning.
6. Make sure each group understand the goals, procedures, tasks and methods of evaluation
- Before starting any task, each group should know exactly what they need to do, how they will
do it, and how their work will be judged. This helps everyone stay focused and clear on their
objectives.
 Home Economics Example:
Goal: The group is tasked with planning and preparing a nutritious meal.
 Goal: To plan, cook, and present a healthy, balanced meal within an hour.
 Procedure: The group divides the tasks: one person plans the menu, another prepares
ingredients, and others cook and set the table.
 Tasks: Research and select a nutritious recipe, ensure all ingredients are prepared, cook
the meal, and present it attractively.
 Evaluation: The teacher will evaluate based on the nutritional value of the meal,
presentation, time management, and teamwork.

Advantages of Cooperative Learning

1. Interdependent relationship is strengthened and reinforced when group cooperation is rewarded.
- An "interdependent relationship" means that two or more people rely on each other to achieve a
common goal.
- When students work together and get rewards for cooperating as a group, they become more
connected and rely on each other to succeed. This strengthens their teamwork.
2. Group work develops friendliness, willingness to assist and the more worthwhile value of caring and
sharing
- Working in groups helps students become friendlier and more willing to help one another. They learn
the value of caring and sharing their ideas and efforts.
You are not just working alone, but as a group or as a whole.
2. Cooperation in groups promotes maximum generation and exchange ideas, tolerance and respect for
other people's points of view
- In groups, students share their thoughts and listen to each other. This encourages them to be open-
minded, respect different opinions, and come up with more creative ideas together.
- promotes maximum generation" means that working in groups helps to produce the most ideas
or solutions
- Maximum" just means the most or highest possible amount of something, or ideas.
4. Cooperative learning groups exhibit less competitive behavior compared to whole-class teaching
classrooms
- In a group setting, students focus more on working together than on competing with each
other. This creates a more supportive and less stressful learning environment.
5. The group members gain skills of cooperation and collaboration through experience
- When students work in groups, they learn important skills like cooperation and working
together. These skills help them in school and in life because they get experience in how to
collaborate effectively.

In summary, cooperative learning helps students build stronger relationships, work together better, and develop
important life skills like cooperation and respect.

4. Hands on Learning
- is a form of education in which children learn by doing. Instead of simply listening to a teacher or
instructor lecture about a given subject, the student engages with the subject matter to solve a problem or
create something.
Explanation: Hands-on Learning is a way of learning where students learn by actually doing things
instead of just listening to a teacher talk. For example, Instead of just learning about baskets, students
will create their own baskets by folding and weaving newspaper. students will sew a button and a zipper
onto a piece of cloth. Instead of just hearing about sewing, they will practice the proper technique for
sewing a button and putting on a zipper. They'll learn the steps, like threading the needle, making
stitches, and securing the button and zipper properly by actually doing it themselves. This way, they get
 to practice and experience the lesson firsthand. It helps them understand and remember things better by
actively participating in the learning process.

Benefits of hands-on learning

Hands-on learning brings so many benefits to students, including:
 It is a more engaging way to learn
- Hands-on learning is fun and interesting because students are actively involved in doing things
instead of just sitting and listening. It grabs their attention and keeps them interested. Just like, what
we did in creating a basket using news paper is that, it was engaging for us because it allows us to
demonstrate our skills in a creative way and you could also see the creativity of your classmates
which makes is more engaging because ma amaze ka.
 It can lead to increased retention
- When students do something themselves, they are more likely to remember it. This is because they
are experiencing the lesson with their hands, which helps them remember the information better.
 It can offer practice in problem solving and critical thinking
- Hands-on activities require students to think and make decisions as they work. They have to solve
problems and think about how to approach tasks, which helps develop their critical thinking skills.
- Example: While making a basket from newspaper, students might run into a problem like the basket
being too flimsy. They need to think of ways to fix it, like adding more layers or using a different
folding technique.
 It often results in a physical creation.
- Hands-on learning helps students create something they can touch and keep. It gives them a sense of
accomplishment when they see the results of their work.
- Example: After sewing a button onto a shirt or making a piece of artwork, students can look at their
creation and feel proud of what they've made. This provides a concrete reminder of their learning.
In short, hands-on learning makes lessons more fun, memorable, and helpful for developing
problem-solving skills, while also giving students something real to show for their efforts!

Another benefit is that:

1. Hands-on is another way to learn.
Hands-on is another way to learn" because, in addition to traditional learning methods like reading, listening,
and watching, These are called visual, auditory, and reading/writing learning styles, respectively. But, hands-on
learning (or kinesthetic learning) is another important way that students can learn effectively. Kinesthetic
learning, which is a fancy way of saying "learning by doing."
When students are forced to do something, they are engaged in active learning. They're practicing their skills
and they're putting their knowledge to the test. It makes them practice skills and apply knowledge, so they are
creating knowledge rather than just absorbing it. This active participation has been shown to lead to better
learning, including higher test scores and better overall academic success so in other words, students must be
engaged in their education.
2. Hands-on gives students practice.
That’s why, there’s always a saying that “Practice makes perfect” because the more students engage in hands-on
learning and practice their skills, they are more likely to master what they are learning. So students get the
chance to enhance to enhance their skills, widen their knowledge and remember things better.
3. Hands-on gives students something "real." Or authentic
- means that when students engage in hands-on learning, they create or experience something that is real and
has a real-world application or it reflects more in what is in the reality. it is not just about memorizing facts or
concepts but more on applying it. It gives students something real because they use their senses, and there's a
saying that says" the more senses involved, the better the learning?
4. Hands-on lets students be creative.
- So, it allows students to think outside the box, they have the chance to think of their own ideas and try
different approaches, which helps them express their creativity.

SUMMARY:
Cooperative learning helps students work together in groups, where they share ideas, help each other, and
solve problems. In entrepreneurship, working well with others is a key skill, as businesses often need teamwork
to succeed.
Hands-on learning gives students the chance to do things themselves, like making products or managing a
small business. This type of learning helps them practice real skills they will use in their own businesses, like
budgeting, planning, or making decisions.
Together, these methods help students not only understand business concepts but also apply them in real life,
making them more ready to start and run a business in the future.