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Sensors 22 01142 v2 2

The document discusses various types of vehicular communication, including V2V, V2I, and V2P, which utilize sensors to enhance road safety and traffic management. It highlights the standardization efforts for vehicular communication bandwidth in the US and Europe, focusing on protocols like DSRC and ITS-G5. Despite the benefits of Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS), challenges such as implementation, standardization, and data security remain significant concerns.

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7 views1 page

Sensors 22 01142 v2 2

The document discusses various types of vehicular communication, including V2V, V2I, and V2P, which utilize sensors to enhance road safety and traffic management. It highlights the standardization efforts for vehicular communication bandwidth in the US and Europe, focusing on protocols like DSRC and ITS-G5. Despite the benefits of Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS), challenges such as implementation, standardization, and data security remain significant concerns.

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jetpshivamk
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Sensors 2022, 22, 1142 2 of 14

3. V2P Communication: V2P is the communication between vehicles and pedestrians UE;
4. V2N Communication: V2N is the wide area cellular communication between vehicles
and a cellular infrastructure to assist vehicular traffic functions [2].
The C-ITS communication uses different sensors to assist drivers in particular sit-
uations (e.g., maintaining a safe speed and keeping a safe distance from other vehicles,
avoiding a probable front-end accident) [3]. These different sensors exchange real-time
information between vehicles and transport infrastructure. This information is related
to the current road condition and weather updates that might considerably widen the
advantages of the aforementioned C-ITS. It also meets the requirements of the different ITS
applications related to vehicular communication (V2V, V2I, and V2P) as presented in the
Figure 1.

Figure 1. Vehicular communication scenarios in an ITS [3].

In recent years, a significant work has been conducted for the standardization and
allocation of the vehicular communication bandwidth by researchers and scientists globally.
Initial success was achieved with the standardization of a dedicated bandwidth for vehicu-
lar communication in the United States in 1999. Generally, there are seven 10 MHz channels,
and each reserves a 5.9 GHz band for dedicated short-range communication (DSRC). In
Europe, the European Telecommunication Standardization Institute (ETSI) standardized
the ITS-G5 protocol in the 5.8 GHz frequency band. Both ITS-G5 and DSRC are designed
and developed on the basis of IEEE-802.11p [4].
Even though there are several benefits of C-ITS for road traffic safety, there are still
some concerns and difficulties related to it. Some of the possible concerns are [5,6] wide-
range implementation of C-ITS application; standardization of C-ITS protocols and mutual
consensus by several standardization groups; the fundamental challenges of wireless
standards (data security problems, multipath propagation, fading issue, etc.).
These issues are important in the development of C-ITS standards in order to avoid
accidents and offer much improved road safety.

2. Related Work
In recent years, ITS has been the hot topic related to road traffic safety. Many re-
searchers have performed research in the field of ITS focusing on vehicular networking.
Some of the prior field measurements related to vehicular networking have also been
performed at the FMI Arctic test site in Sodankyla, Finland. In 2013 [7], vehicular net-
working in operational environments using IEEE-802.11p was presented. IEEE-802.11p
is a developed standard based on the IEEE 802.11 standard that adds wireless access to

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