Pracical Lbiok Budget wsing path loss modelsi

* Most radio Propgalon modely are usi

derived a

anayteal and emnpiricnl methody

Combiakon f
empitcal approch i6 basad on neaSuYed
+the veceate a Set of
expresions that
andytical
data. his hay the adaage krown and unkron
propagakion factors, both
acount all -Tmeasuremene.
thxough actual field model at
empirical
HoweveY ,tne valieity
of anenwiornerds other tnan
frequenGe y
transmisSion Can be etabkshed
to derv tne node! evoment
those used te
maaSuted da~a, in
bË additional tarsrni56i0n tequeny.
at the vequtred modely have
classical propagaton
*Over time , sone lage- Scale
yed to predict
emesged , cohich are now
cobich
systen desgn.
moble conmun tation
t
ts the vece
re loal
coeage model -to estiate
path los5 distance, it be comes
By ing Lacio
functon f
levol a
mobile ommeain
pedict tne SNR oo a
Poss:ble tb
to

Log-distance pat, loss model:

Scale peth lou br an avbitray

ahe avevage large epessed ay a function o dtstance
T-R Separation 153
 a patn loyeponent , M.
PL(3)al(y
coi)

which ind: catey the

los euponent
path los
she nis tne patn eupoent
di Sta nce
lou inCYASes oith
ath
roteat cohich tne disanCe obich i5
veference
do, is the close-in tiarsity
Suvemerts dose to tre
dekamined fon mea
separation distano,
and dis tne T-R
denote tne ensemble
n equatos O
The bars value, tor
path los
of all po%ible
stale ,tre modeled
on a log-log
t ohen ploHed witha slope eual
straight ine
path loy 35 a
dependy
value o n
lon ds pee deCado. The
to Yen
pvopapotion evion
tne speaßc tor otterent erovivormens
eones
Table;- Path loy
patnlséporeut,

UYbanoNla. celllas radio Q to 85

shoduban luat tdo g to 5

a buildtg line-d-sigbt to 1
4to t
Dhstsucted in foctorie a to3
* 3n large covevage cellelar sstems,1km refeence
distance, re Cooon e ohereoy in micoelulay
Sglems, 5matlet distances (suca ay loom o Lm)
veforen ce distance should aloay be in tne fay
A91e uyed. The eles do ot alter therekence
nenN-fed
feld d tne antena sothat Patn los
-nomal shadooA
bog doer not Conside
equaion
The patn lou nodel envitonental cbey a
fact tnat tne Surnourdin locationy havyg
differeut
be vostly dferent at too
the arneSepaaton.
T-R
Sigral ohich axe
leads to neasured
This value prodictes eaatrg
d-fevet han te aevage thaA at
hoo
Measuremeuts have locatson e
patilas
los pca) a a Cnormal Snde)
tne path
distibuted log-nornay value.
-depen del
distance
mea
abot tne

and [demn)-pla)(ds] Cankonagny

P
Prld(dBm)
ear aauyan distbute
oheX i5 a 2ero- devtaio
de) witn sa dod
ancorn vyooiade Cin
 distibuio des cribe, tne randan
*the loa -porna
log ocw Ov aa.
looge nunber
shadoeing eftecbs ohicu obic
Sane, "T
c have tne
measuroment locats ons ohi
ef
difevet lavel, cler on tng
Sepavatson, but have ssrefowod t,
phenomenon
Propaqatio path ihis
log-nov mal shadooirg.
a and o oe Compted
pracce ,tne value o vegresror) Su c tual
ing
,uing iea
fom masured dala estimated. pot
betoeen tne measured. 9
he d:Hevence Sauae eor
Seueove
n a mean
minimiged
T-R Sepaatiord
lese iS locationy 4
mesyenet
oide anse o
a oitn a momal
vandom vaiable
Arstane dependaud
de about tne
d'stsbudon a-fncion or eor
furcio
So i5 Pd)
Pr
determine tne probobiliy tat tre
Cef)may be wd to pabalar leel
receved coill ecee& a
detved a

shee a() -e G2)

yeceed signal level oill
proab:ty tnat tre
-1he be Calatod om
ocee a cetain Vaue Cas
dne cumnulabue density funon as
 Pr (Pld) >}: a(r- Pra)
Similaryne propabby tat tne vecered siyral
Revel sl be below is g00n hy

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 (9

Rsamdu ol Hobile Mallipatl clannels:

34 mealudemele t
otloind by daing clonrel
is dlicl oill intan a
clannel panmdet
dalesmining
Can help in sydme
deign buttea oieleit channela
puomeles o) te mbie mutipall,
+ he basi c pauamdes
hom -tle Pouces
decived
oe measued n
Cau

0Time domaiun
domain

Lopetaut foamdleu
Time Dispeuioo Poauamdu
2. Cohesence Baud oidt,
Spread aud Cokence T.
Tme.
3
3opple
* Pouoes deay holle
tor Small- scale ting
loel

measuo
clanneh douuding Techiqea
enceK o-RT
eceined Poe

measements
fouud ng idaudane ows poue delay
uea ( leastlau 6m ou doors)
 Bafle. delay poaer
mo
tit te t uIt(7): Balay ces Hean (a)
da) (x
Dday Encex Haximurg
Eces Mean (a)
incude: Pasamleu
cannel. mutliph e is
pau
petoylr) eat ipusion Time
Tasamleu
4S0 3SO
(O -[0
dormaiged
leiaiad
powu
20
10ncdiv
lo
kRo1VH
s)
(rtiexote
cond Tiroe Delay Excess
60 20
 RMS
Second Cedeal momeud the pouoe
Tt ute So the time

eacl
en d meades
will be spread inturne
pue

B.W
lead to
to incaeae
Spread lead tre
time dapeaSienea
Balay atuahy clauncteuyga the
dlay spread
the channel.

obtainad rom poe deay Pomaile.

4
a cautain value omed o le pooer
Secomd ceital momeet
the

’ Naximum Euces Relay

* Time
belos tte maximtem.

M.E:D d e) 7a -To
Max.
delay at
lich a mulipat compoet dongut
sigud (atud deea nd neceuaily auin adat t,).
aive
aiving mipa -at, iu aboe
timpenad enlel te maltipl,
Balinea the
padiala theaold.
crale)
poeE

Rereiyed
Martirurn Ccets Deky<ioJB =B4ns
NOYmalized Threstold Levet 20d

Mean Cces De lay - ySart

200 2r0 200 400

E*cees Delay Cns) tme domain

to the Sprend puames in te
in the
to clacdkag ta clanrel
domain
*e m daloy apread aud Coheeuce
Bw ae invauoy Popto
tei nad velienip iü a . ol
to one unthes,, altlough
stutiue
-tue erat mullipatl,
 letueno : 34
Topie:
|2.Coheuouce BaudoiH: Ova

* A stattl measuee
be
Conidesed "at
he channd cau
at spetual Componcata oit,
aud lineas pliate.
Cqua gain tovwelation bo 2 sll wdopes at

will covrealeJ
*The max.
Bo te clanel.
selate to t e Cohee
Lßll
* It u aa t RMS day prod.
thas coheece B
tat e
lauqe
is uelud in diveuty eeplon.
* Tlis concept
Coheiece
then tte coheeuce B Wis
Coredetion is oloe o?,

Br.

Bc abo ve o.s then

Be
amaly wued
 Spread aud Cohereuee Tme :
Boppler
Bu dexibes ony t tie dipali
Aalay Sprad ad col. eueute
* clannel aLea

natea o le mulipat eeni

cneote mobile chanels er)
* Mauy times Lwe

slt, tat Las to be

elaugug:ia ia calld Bopplea amd Coheseuce
ts
Tima desibe the
in a Snall sale vapion.
nals te chamel
elsie metion

Cos

moving spued.
Bo : Max Popple slat
4 DopplerSpread, -tle chame, ora
cauadei ge rey, - diu pesi ane
* Bo
de
oldained
* It iu
Dvel

cetiun vae
baebad st Bwis much geale tan B, tlon
* I! te

"Ts sa slow dg chanel.

 Cohene Time:
is a statstic measue
* Coheeuce lime
mpule ponde is
ulid the clamel
Dyel
timeinvQue basel,adall is
he wil)
then the channd
tee channel, oill be
Ha Coheeuce
Si, ence,Haese
o) -tlaa
duin e 2x.
distortionot as:

oheeuce

mar
duato te opples slt

* lopa Temo Rule

T too s|l
colheieue ples
The denitio Han le ae
wtha
the channl.
tines caml
clamd elage slody
Colheene tine
* Alauge clameh ae deigad eting iate
ea Syaloma in Joding
* Dus
Conidestion whette -La channel
elanel,
e Cohelence R N ) a
 lopie: Lueno: 3S
35| Small -Seale tading
4Based on Mulipath

Oces de o

clicl lead tote ampltadk

clannel

Ls muel
wen

nalDw

#A may Caue deep tadu. to lond tia

situion:
 hlt,r) ),
rt)

t
Ts+e
bsll sl),
lepratrgt)
ime-dwain
mullpk poae
dlomain
H(4)

te channel. chasactesshiy
Jig. flat fadiug hannel.

dante ckard mulipat delay paod it qeate

trne dipuion.
inducot

clannd chasacleutica

t,e)

s(+)
 >Bs
Tlt). s\e in
Rxthe distorn
veuling
in
-te Vaie, time As *
phase aud qaun inVacieA clanned B-wol tle
veapone inpulse clhand the
-ue Since channe soidelaud
coides slt)
is &|4 eclameholBw ting slee
tuoon alo
(9
 componet,
Ca e Ln
>1e Ts
ane Smalle
omelat claga
e. e bln motion peiod symalduunga
e
elanne te eaut, a As S|.l lx te
hauacteusta dannel +
Spread. oppla toduOccues
vauoo Baebod
sl aon
shooee vousuo channe 3 tastu vauadiou clannd 3.
turne
Coheeuo 2
Spread Boppler Loo i.
tadig -fat
9opple Batd
on
Spread
 caacteutia iu mucl Smallee
ehannel

Sweal
loe asemed stalie

BU intorvah.
Bople Spread te
domain,tis means thod
baytad e|l.
clann
dow foding
ls ce Te

the moloile & the

amd

be cleau hat tlhevelo

1t sleld sl
detemina oLatla a
baad s4

Pevo (fading dantion Sumran)

Aaat foing
Te
 &dedve

Be

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