TATE, LAG

Hall and Van der Pauw Measurement System

Software Package

Version 2.0

USER'S MANUAL

MMR Technologies, Inc.

1400 North Shoreline Blvd., Suite AS

Mountain View, CA 94043-1346

September 1995

Rev. 9-95(1)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section 1. Introduction
Section 2. Definitions
Section 3. System Requirements
Section 4. Hardware Setup
4.1 Three COM Port Configuration
4.2 Splitter Box Configuration
43 IEEE-488 Configuration
44 Magnetic Field
45 Dewar
Section 5. Program Setup
Section 6. Getting Started
Section 7. Program Functions and Controls
7.1 Save File Button
7.2 Load File Button
73 Print Button
7.4 Communication Setup Button
7.5 Exit Program Button
76 K-20 Manual Control, H-50 Manual Cont
rol,
MPS-50 Manual Contro! Buttons
77 Sound On/Off Button
78 Temperature Monitor Button
7.5 Experiment Setup Button
7.10 Systern Status Button
 7.1 Display All Data Button
712 Graph Control Button
7.13 Start Experiment, Stop
Experiment, Pause Expe
riment Buttons
7.14 Review Forward, Review
Backward Buttons
Section 8. Experiment Setup
8.1 Basic Setup
82 Advanced Setup
Section 9, Experiment Run
9.1 Data Collecting Process
9.2 Formula Reference
93 Statistics Window
9.4 Auto Backup
Section 10. Graphs
Section 11. Program Operating Not
es
Section 12, Customer Support
Section 13. Warranty
Appendix A, Commands Help Window
s
Al K-20 Commands Help
Window
A2 H-50 Commands Help Wi
ndow
A3 MPS-50 Commands Hel
p Window
Appendix B, Printout Examples
EEBEEBREEBRSESS

Sections 1 & 2

Section 1. Introduction

This manual presumes that the reader is familiar with four-probe Van der Pauw and Hall effect
measurement methods.

The software package (“program”) presented here supports the Hall and Van der Pauw Measurement
System of MMR Technologies. This System includes a K-20 Programmable Temperature controller, H-
50 Hall and Van der Pauw controller, MPS-50 Programmable power Supply, M-50 Benchtop
Electromagnet, MMR Thermal Stage with Cryogenic Refrigerator, Dewar and vacuum accessories.
System control is provided by an IBM compatible computer. The K-20 Temperature Controller adjusts
and maintains the temperature of the MMR' Thermal Stage over a wide temperature range, with high
accuracy and stability. The H-50 Hall and Van der Pauw controller provides four probe method
measurements of the electrical parameters of the samples. The M-50 Benchtop Electromagnet provides
RR B

the magnetic field over the studied sample and the MPS-50 Programmable Power Supply controls the
magnitude of that magnetic field. These scientific instruments were designed as separate computer
controlled devices. The program provides the user with a friendly interfacing environment for these
instruments, and automates the data acquisition process.

Section 2. Definitions

The following are the definitions of the terms which will be used in this manual. The words used in the
definitions (written in italic) are also defined in this section.

1. Data point. The system condition defined by the set of the experiment parameters which exist
when the system is acquiring data. The experiment parameters include fixed parameters and
experiment variables. The experiment may contain one or several data points. If the
experiment contains only one data point (Single point mode), then no experiment variable is
present and experiment conditions are fully defined by the fived parameters. If the experiment
contains more then one data point (Curve mode) then each data point corresponds to a certain
value of the experiment variable.

2. Experiment. The process that includes: setup of the experiment fixed parameters, initiating a
sequence of settings of the experiment variable, starting from Start Value of Experiment
Variable and finishing at the Finish Value of Experiment Variable: data acquisition at each data
point; and calculation of results and presentation.

3. Data Set. The set of measurements acquired by the measurement process for one data point.
Example: For the Van der Pauw measurements each data point has one data set, acquired by the
 Section 2. Definitions

process "Four probe Resistivity measurement”. For the Hall measurement we have
to take two
data sets for each data point: first, we have to get data by the process "Four
probe Resistivity
measurement”, and then we have to acquire data by the process "Four probe
Hall Effect
measurement”. The Resistivity calculated as a result of the first data set is to be used
to
calculate the results of the second data set.

4. Experiment Variable. The experimental environment setting which

takes a different value for
every data point. Only one experiment variable may exist for each experim
ent. There are three
possible experiment variables in the Hall and Van der Pauw Measurement
system: Current,
Temperature and Field. The Experiment Variable has the following settings:
Start Value,
Finish value, Step Value and the mode by which the variable changes its value.
In addition, the
Temperature variable also has a Standby Temperature value. For details see Section 8,
"Experiment Setup".

5. Fixed Parameters. The experimental environment settings which keep their

values fixed during
the experiment run.

6. Start Value of experiment variable. The experiment variable value which

corresponds to the
first data point of the experiment .

7. Finish value of experiment variable. The experiment variable value

which corresponds to the
last data point of the experiment.

8. Step value of experiment variable. The difference between two consecutive

settings of the
experiment variable. The Step value makes sense only if the experiment variable
changes its
value in the linear mode.
'
9. Standby Temperature, Temperature to which the Thermal stage is to be
directed after the
experiment has been completed.

10. Target value, The value of the experiment parameter or variable which
is to be set by the
system.

11. Read value. The actual acquired value of the experiment parameter
or variable.

12. Temperature Ramp. The speed with which the temperature can be adjuste
d to the farget value.

13. Data is present in the system. This system condition means

that the system contains
experimental data acquired either by running the experiment or by loading
data using an
execution of the "Load File" procedure.
TI'IIIIIIIIIIIIIII“’I““"“T‘

Sections 3 & 4

Section 3. System Requirements

The program M’ll work on any PC AT compatible (386 or better) computer running Windows 3.1. The
computer should have at least I Meg of RAM memory. A color monitor, mouse, and math co-processor
are recommended.

The program supports communication of the computer with the controllers via serial ports COMI -
COM4 or the TEEE 488 interface. In the case of use of the serial ports, the system requires three COM
ports to be available. If this requirement happens to be inconvenient, then the program can also work
with only one COM port using the MMR Splitter Box model C1820. If one wishes to use the IEEE 488
interface, MMR can supply the special interface board (Capital Equipment Corp.) and cables. Contact
MMR sales for further information.

Section 4. Hardware Setup

4.1. Three COM Port Configuration

As mentioned above, you have three options regarding how to connect the controllers to the computer.
The first option is shown in Fig. 1.

PC

RS-232 Cables

MPS-50

Fig. 1. Three COM port configuration

This scheme requires that three serial ports in your computer are available for the system
communication. One more serial port is needed to control the mouse, so the system requires four serial
ports in total. The standard PC configuration usually supports only two serial ports, so in this
 Section 4. Hardware Setup

configuration additional serial ports have to be specified when ordering the computer system. If the
system has been purchased without a computer, then the user can install an additional card with two
serial ports in the computer to be used with the system.

If you use this scheme, then connect the controllers to the computer as shown in Fig. 1 using standard
serial cables. The given configuration is not mandatory, you can connect any controller to any serial
port, just memorize any different interconnections. You will have to make the corresponding changes in
communication setup. (See Section 7.4, “Communication Setup”.) All controllers must be set to the
factory default communication speed of 4800 Baud. Refer to each controllers’ manual to check these
settings.

4.2. Splitter Box Configuration

The second way to connect controllers to the computer is shown in Fig, 2.

Com 2
= RES-232 Cable

C1820 MMR
Splitter

= Serial 6 - Conductors Cables

K-20 MPS-50 I

Fig, 2. Splitter Box Connections.

[ If for any reason you do not have three available serial ports in you computer, you can establish system
! communication using only one serial port. To do so you need to use the MMR Splitter box Model
C1820.

Conneet the RS-232 Input of the Splitter box to any available serial port using a standard serial
communication cable. Then connect the controllers to the Splitter box as shown in Fig. 2. This
configuration is mandatory, so you have to connect the H-50 to Port 1 of the Splitter box, the K-20 to
Port 2 and MPS-50 to Port 3. To make these connections you have to use special 6-pin communication
cables provided by MMR with the Splitter box. The Splitter box must be set to Mode 3. All controllers
 Section 4. Hardware Setup

must be set to the factory default communication speed 4800 Baud. Refer to the Splitter box's and
controllers’ manuals to check these settings. See Section 7.4 for additional communication setup
information.
s
N 4.3. IEEE-488 Configuration

The third communication option is the GPIB (IEEE-488) Interface. To use GPIB your computer must be
equipped with an TEEE-488 Interface Card. The MMR Software and Hardware supports the Capital
Equipment GPIB card, which can be supplied by MMR or purchased directly from Capital Equipment
Corporation. Contact MMR for beard specifications.

The IEEE-488 interface connections are shown in Fig. 3.

PC
GPIB Card

H-50
IEEE488 Cables

K-20

[EEET
.
MPS-50
s
Fig. 3. IEEE-488 configuration.

You can connect the controllers and computer using either daisy-chain or star configurations. You can
set IEEE-488 addresses of the controllers in the range from 1 to 30. Refer to the controllers” manuals for
how to set the address. No two-controllers
may have the same address, and none of them may have
address 21, which is reserved for the computer IEEE-488 unit. See Section 7.4 for additional
communication setup information.

4.4, Magnetic Field

If your system does not use the magnetic field for measurements, then go to section4.5. The magnetic
field can be produced by the M-50 Electromagnet. The M=50 can be powered either by the MPS-50
Programmable Power Supply, or by any other power supply with a similar output.
 _m_m—_-'lwmle
Section 4. Hardware Setup

1f you use the MPS-50 then connect your electromagnet power leads to the F+ and F- terminals on the
back panel of the MPS-50. (For details refer to MPS-50 Manual). With the MPS-50, the system can
make Hall measurements in automatic or semi-automatic regimes as well. The automatic regime means
that system produces and controls the magnetic field according to experiment settings, so the process of
taking data can be unattended. The alternative semi-automatic regime means that every time the system
needs to set the field to a certain value, the system operator gets a corresponding message. The required
field value is then set by the operator and system operation continues.

If you use a third party power supply to produce the field then connect your electromagnet power leads
to the output terminals of the power supply. If this power supply can be controlled by an external
voltage, you can configure the MMR system to make Hall measurements either in automatic or semi-
automatic regimes. To control the Power supply in the automatic regime the system produces a control
voltage on the H-50's Probe 5 output. If you want to use this control mode then connect the H-50 Probe
5 connector to the control input of your power supply. You can find more details on this in Section 8,
"Experiment Setup".

If the Power supply can not be controiled by an external voltage, then the system can make Hall
measurements in the semi-automatic regime only.
|
i
4.5. Dewar
i

Connect the MMR Hall Dewar containing the installed sample to the H-50 using four TRIAX cables.
We do not describe the process of the sample mounting. This process is explained in details in the H-50
Manual. We presume that the MMR Hall Dewar contains an MMR Thermal Stage and a Hall sensor to
measure the applied magnetic field.

Connect the "Refrigerator Port" on the H-50 back panel to the ribbon cable connector on Hall Dewar
using the four foot long 20-lead ribbon cable.

Connect the "K-20 Port" on the H-50 back panel to the "Refrigerator Port" on the K-20 back panel using
the short 20-lead ribbon cable.

Install all hardware components needed to produce vacuum and cooling. Refer to the MMR Low
Temperature Hall System Dewar Manual.

Your System is now ready to acquire experimental data.

 Sections 5 & 6

Section 5. Program Setup

5.1. Turn on your computer and start Windows 3.1.
5.2, Insert the setup disk into drive B:.
5.3. In the File Manager select Run from the file menu.
5.4. Type “B:\Setup” and press Enter.
5.5. Follow the directions of the setup program.
5.6. The setup program will install ail files on the hard drive and create a program group "MMR
Hall
and Van der Pauw Measurement System".

Section 6. Getting Started

6.1, Turn ail controllers on.

6.2. To start the program open the "MMR Hall System" window and double click the mouse on the Hall
and Van der Pauw System icon. One can also start the program using the other conventional
windows techniques from the Program or File Manager by executing Hall exe.
6.3. The System introduction window will come up, as shown in Fig. 4.

H MMR Hall and Vap des Pauw Measurement System.

¢ Version 2.0 Capyright © 1994,95
{ Fur assistance calf (415) 362-3620. FAX [415) 962-9647.

Fig. 4. Program introduction window.

i1
)

Section 6. Getting Started

After a few seconds this window will automatically be replaced by the MMR Hall and Van der
Pauw System Main Window as shown in Fig. 5. When you start the system for the first time, you
will get a message "System did not identify correct Hall.cfg. Will use defauit values." Do not be
concerned about this. The configuration file, Hall.cfg, is created automatically when you quit the

ST,
system and saves all system settings. So, when you start the System again, this message will not
come up, unless you remove the Hall.cfg or re-install the system to another directory.

... SRS
Load Communication

TR
File Setup
K20 MPSSE0 Temperawrs System Greph
Manual Menual Monitor Steus Control Pause

..
Controi Cantrot a Experiment
op
Start Experimant

...
Exparimant

.
System Stetus Window

VR
“Waling for nstuctons

TR,
TR
Fig. 5. Main window and System Status window.

6.4. The next step is the setup of communication parameters in the running program. The setup process
is described in details in Section 7.4, "Communication Setup”. You do not have to repeat setup when .
you start the program next time because the program automatically saves these settings on exit to
the Hall.cfg file and restores them when you start the program.
W)
VN
W
i3 -
N
TR

" Section 6. Getting Started

N
N
6.5, To test communication with the system controllers use the Manual Control windows as
described in
Section 7.6, "K20 Manual Control, H-50 Manual Control, MPS-50 Manual Control”.

"
Send any
commands to the controllers. You can use, for example, the TS (Type of Sensor) command to
test
the K-20, DE (Defaults) to test the H-50, and RV (Read Voltage) to test the MPS-50. Then the K-20
has to respond with the message describing the temperature sensor, the H-50 has to respond "OK",
and the MPS-50 has to respond "0.00 V". These messages mean that communication to each

-
controller is OK.

6.6. If any errors have occurred then corresponding messages will be displayed. First make sure that
your cable connections correspond to the settings in the Communication Setup window (See
Section 7.4, "Communication Setup"). The message "Communication Error” means a hardware

N
or
configuration problem exists. Check if power to the controller is on; check if communication cables
are connected properly; check, if the communication cables are connected to the correct COM
ports; check if the Baud rate setting of the controllers is 4800 (refer to the Controllers' Manuals).
If
you use the IEEE-488, check the address settings. If you use the Splitter box, check if controller
N are connected to the box exactly as shown in Fig. 2 and if Splitter Box was set to mode 3. If you get
s

n
an error message that a certain COM port is unavailable, this indicates that there is hardware
conflict in your computer, i.e. another system device has been configured to use this COM port.
This could be a mouse, a modem, etc. To resolve this contlict, use a different COM port. Usually,

n
this message will be accompanied with the corresponding Windows error message. Do not be
alarmed, this kind of error does not cause any damage to other applications that are currently
running. :

n 6.7. The next step is the Experiment Setup. This process is explained in Section 8, "Experiment
Setup.”

"
 Section 7. Program Functions and Controls

Section 7. Program Functions and Controls

The MMR Hall and Van der Pauw System Main Window is shown in Fig, 5. At the top of the screen
one can see a tool bar that provides control of all system functions. All command buttons on this tool
bar will be explained in detail in this Section.

7.1. Save File Button

This command button is used to save on disk the data that has been acquired. When you click the
button, the Save Experimental Data window will appear as shown in Fig. 6. To execute the Save File
operation, data must be present in the system. If no data is present, then a message alerting the user to
this fact will be displayed.

Fig. 6. Save File window.

14
 Section 7. Program Functions and Controls

Select the file format by clicking the desired option button in the format selection box.

The first option is "H50" format, this saves the file in a special format that is readable by the MMR Hall
and Van der Pauw program. This makes it possible to load and study this file later using this software.
When you save the file in "H50" format, you can also input a data file information string. This
information will be retrieved, when you re-load the file. To enter the file information you should click
the mouse on the File information text box, and then type the string (up to 40 characters) using the
keyboard, All system parameters are saved automatically when you select this file format.

The two other options use the CSV - Comma Separated Values format. The difference between the two
is that the "All data" option saves all acquired information including intermediate readings which have
been used to calculate results. The "Results Only" option skips all intermediate data and saves only the
results. This format is compatible with the popular spread sheets software packages, such as Excel.
Because data is saved in ASCII code, it is readable by any text editor. If you save a file in this format,
you can use the powerful data presentation tools of the spread sheets, but you would not be able to study
this file later using the Hall program. If you do select one of these options, you can also input the data
file information string, which will be saved in the file and presented in the first cell of the data sheet.

To enter the file information you should click the mouse on the File information text box, and then type
the string using the keyboard.

Notice: You can save the same file in both formats. The "H50" data file can be loaded by the program
and then saved in a CSV format.

Enter the name of file to be saved. Click the mouse on the file name text box and then enter the full file
name using the keyboard. If you want to change the active drive or directory, you have to double click
the mouse on the needed item in the directory/ drive lists.

Click OK buiton. You will get the message "File is saved”. Click OK again.

7.2. Load_File Button

You will use this command button if you want to study the content of a previously saved H50 data file.
1f you click the mouse on this button then the "Load H-50 Data File" window will appear as shown in
Fig. 7 (See the following page).

15
 Section 7. Program Functions and Controls

Fig. 7. Load File Window.

Se)ect the file to be loaded. If you want to change the active drive or directory, you
have to double click
the mouse on the needed item. File selection can be made by clicking on the file
name. You can also
click the mouse on the file name text box and then enter the full file name using the keyboard.

Notice: You can only view files saved in the special H50 format. (See Section 7.1, “Save
File”.)

Click OK button, The selected H50 data file will be loaded. Double clicking ori the
file name in the file
directory causes the same action.

You can study the data using " Acquired Data" window or build graphs. (See Section 7.11,
"Display All
Data" and Section 10, "Graphs™). The Data File Information which has been saved (as explained in the
previous Section) can be read in the "Acquired Data" window.

7.3. Print Button

This command button is used to produce hard copy of the collected data, When you click the mouse
on
this button, the "Printing Control” window will appear as shown in Fig. 8 (See the
following page). To
generate a printout, experimental data has to be present in the system. If no data is
present in the
system, then a message alerting the user to that fact will be displayed.

16
 Section 7. Program Functions and Controls

Fig. 8. Printing Control Window

There are seven printout options: "All Data", "Current Point", "Results Only”, "Graph", "All
Statistics”, "Current Statistics”, "Averaged Results".

The "All Data" option will produce a printout of all collected data points, all intermediate data
readings, and all calculated results.

The "Current Point" option will produce a printout of all intermediate data readings, and all calculated
results for the data point number currently displayed in the "Acquired Data" window.

The "Results Only" option will produce a table of the experimental results, waiving all intermediate
readings.

The "Graph" option will produce a printout of the graph of collected data. Prior to selecting this option
you have to build the graph using the graph output tools (See Section 10, "Graphs"). Otherwise the
push-button "Graph" will be disabled. The image of the graph which is present in the "Data Curve”
window will be copied to the printer.

The following three options are not available for the Linearity check. They will be also disabled for the
loaded data files that have been created by the earlier versions of the program and do not contain
statistics data. A corresponding message will come up during the loading of the data file of old type.

The "All Statistics” option will produce a printout of the statistical calculations for all experiment
variable values in the form of a table similar to the Statistics window described in the section "Statistics
Window".

The "Current Statistics™ option will produce a printout of the statistical calculations for the current
experiment variable value. If the Statistics window is on the screen then a variabie value and the
corresponding data set will be the same as on Statistics window. If Statistics window has not been
loaded, then the current variable value will be taken from the "All data” window.

17
 Section 7. Program Functions and Controls

The "Averaged Results" option will produce a printout of the averaged results of measurements for all
variable values.

Select the printout option by clicking the mouse on the corresponding push-button in the group "Select
Printout".

Enter the printout title into the title text box using the keyboard (up to 40 characters). This information
will be printed on the top of your printout. If you check the boxes "Print Date" or/and "Print Time", the
current date/time information will be printed at the right top comer of your printout.

Click OK to start printing.

Different kinds of printouts are shown in Appendix B.

7.4. Communication Setup Bution

This command button is used to set up the system communication parameters when you run the program .
for the fist time or when you need to re-configure your system. If you click the mouse on this button,
then the "Communication Setup" window will come up on the screen. Depending upon the type of the
interface settings made earlier, you will see one of the three possible figures.

Fig. 9 - Fig. 11 present the different instances of the "Communication Setup" window. Fig. 9 shows the
RS232 Setup window. Fig. 10 shows the MMR Splitter box Setup window. Fig. 11 shows the IEEE-
488 Setup window.

Select the Interface type by clicking the corresponding button in the group located at the top of the
"Communication Setup" window.

Fig. 9, RS-232 Setup window.

18
 Section 7. Program Functions and Controls

If you are going to use the MPS-50 Programmable Power Supply to control field, then click the mouse
on the "MPS-50 Present” check box to make it "checked". If not, then uncheck this check box by another
mouse click. In this case the MPS-50 communication settings will be excluded from the setup process.

If you use the RS-232 interface (Fig. 9) then' you have to specify the COM port number for every
controller. These numbers must match the hardware connections which we explained in the Section
"Hardware setup”. Select the COM port number for each controller by clicking the mouse on the
corresponding option buttons. The COM port numbers for different controllers may not be the same.

Fig. 10. Splitter Box Setup window.

If you use the MMR Splitter box (Fig. 10) then you have to specify the COM port number which is
comnected to the Splitter box. Click the mouse on the corresponding option button.

Fig. 11. IEEE-488 Setup window.,

 Section 7. Program Functions and Controls

If you use the IEEE-488 interface (Fig. 11) then you have to set the [EEE-488 addresses for the
controflers. These addresses must match the hardware address settings on the controll
ers' back panel
(See Section 4, "Hardware Setup” and Controllers' Manuals). The address range
is from 1 to 30. No
two controllers may have the same addresses, and none of them may have address 21, which
is reserved
for the computer [EEE-488 unit.

Click OK buton after all settings are completed.

7.5, Exit Program Button

This command button is used to exit the program. To initiate the command, click
the mouse on the Exit
button, The confirmation message box asking "OK to exit?" will appear on the
screen If you select
"Yes" the program will be terminated, .

If any unsaved collected data is present in your system then the corresponding reminder
message box
will appear. If you select "Yes" to save this data, then the Save File window
will be loaded. The
response "No" will terminate the program and all unsaved data will be lost.

You can also use the other Windows controls to terminate the program (such as double
click on the
control box or by using the "Close” command in the Program Manager). The
exit procedure will stay the
same.

7.6. K-20 Manual Control, H-50 Manual Control,

MPS-50 Manual Control Buttons

These command buttons are used to provide interactive manual operation of the controlle
rs. When you
click one of these buttons, the corresponding control window will come up on the
screen. All three of
the windows are shown in Fig. 12. (See the following page.)

20
 Section 7. Program Functions and Controls

K-28 Cantrol

Fig. 12. Manual Control windows.

To send a command to the controller, click a command button on the Manual Control Window of this
controller, and then click a button "Send Command" on the same window. You can also send the
command by pressing "Enter” on the keyboard or by clicking the same command button for a second
time.

For explanations of the commands’ actions you may refer to each controllers' manual. You can also get
a short description of the commands set by clicking the "Help" push-buttons which are present on every
Manual Control window. These Help windows are shown in appendix A,

If the command to be sent requires a numerical parameter then you can enter this parameter into the
command text box using the computer keyboard. To do se first click your mouse on the text box where
you want to enter your data. Then type the data using keyboard. You can enter any command string
using this method.

21
 Section 7. Program Functions and Controls

For the H-50, where the commands may require several parameters some the most common parameters
can be entered by clicking the mouse on the corresponding parameter buttons. For example to send a
command RV 12' you have to click "RV", "12" and "Send Command" buttons.

If you use the MMR Splitter box, then the first access to the H-50 controller may produce an error
response. There is nothing wrong with this, it is just a characteristic of communication via the Splitter
box. This situation is resolved when the System runs in the automatic regime.

The controller response will appear in the response text box.

To remove a Test window from the screen click "Exit" button on the Test window or double click the
button in the control box.

7. 7 Sound On/Off Button

Clicking this button enables/disables system sounds. This button has two steady states. Sounds are
enabled when button is down. Sounds are used when the system needs to attract the operator’s
attention: when the alarm condition has occurred, when the experiment is complete, or a manual
control action is required.

7.8 Temperature Monitor Button

Clicking this command button enables/disables the Temperature Monitoring function. The command
button has twa steady states. The Monitoring function is enabled when the push-button is down.

When the Temperature monitoring function is enabled, the program continuously collects data from the
K-20 Temperature controlier irrespective of the system status (See Section 9, "Experiment Run"). The
Temperature and Power applied to the refrigerator are displayed on the System Status window inside the
corresponding data panels.

When an experiment is in progress and the monitoring function is enabled, then these readings are being
updated during the time data is being taken at the measurement point. If the monitoring fanction has
been disabled, then the system displays the last Temperature and Power values which were read before
taking data at the measurement point. The second regime is preferable, because it is faster. At the same
time we assume that the temperature stability and accuracy provided by the K-20 are good enough to
neglect the temperature fluctuations during the measurement if the temperature has stabilized.

22
 Section 7. Program Functions and Controls

7. 9 Experiment Setup Button

This command button is used to call the Experiment
Setup window to the screen. Procedures on how to
set up the experiment parameters will be described
in Section 8, "Experiment Setup".

7.10 System Status Button

Clicking of this push-button brings to the screen the
Status window if it is not already present (See Fig,
5). The System Status window is described in detail
s in Section 9, “Experiment Run”.

7.11 Display All Data Button

Clicking this command button presents the "Acqu
ired Data” window on the screen. To activate this
button, data has to be present in the system. If the data
contains several data points then the clicking of
the "Display All Data" button will also show a "Go to Data
Point Number" window as shown in Fig. 13.

Fig. 13. “Go to Data Point Number” window.

This window gives you the opportunity to recall any

data point for review by specifying its number. You
can enter this number by using a scroll bar or by clicki
ng the mouse on the "Point #" text box and then
entering the point number using the keyboard. To
display a selected point click the "OK" button. To
close the window click "Cancel".

7.12 Graph Control Button

This command button is used to produce the graph output
of the acquired data. We will explain how to
create graphs in detail in Section 10, "Graphs”.

23
 Section 7. Program Functions and Controls

7.13 Start Experiment, Stop Experiment, Pause Experiment Buttons

These three command buttons are used to control experiment flow.

To start Experiment click the "Start" button. If any unsaved data is present in your system, then a
reminder message box will appear on the screen. If you elect to not save data, then all prior collected
data will be lost. To start the experiment you have to set all experiment parameters first. If setup has not
been done, then the system will remind you of this. You can check experiment parameters at any time
by clicking the "Experiment Setup"” button.

To pause experiment click "Pause" button. The caption of the button will change to "Restart". Click this
button, if you want to continue the recording process. The recording will be continued from the last data
point. When the System is in a "Pause" state (See "System Status window") you can change some, but
not all, of the experiment parameters. When you click "Restart” the system will reset any changed
experiment parameters and then continue to collect data.

To stop experiment click the "Stop” button.

7.14 Review Forward, Review Backward Buttons

These command buttons are used to change step by step the number of the data point which is presented
in the "Acquired data” window. A click of the "Review forward" button increments the number of the
data point to be displayed, the click of the "Review backward" button decrements the number.

To use these functions you have to have data in the system. If no data is present in the system, then these
buttons will be disabled.

For Hall measurements each data point contains two data sets, so you can teview both data sets
sequentially by clicking these buttons. ’

24
 Section 8. Experiment Setup

Section 8. Experiment Setup

To display the Experiment Setup window you have to click the "Experiment Setup" button. The
Experiment Setup window will come up as shown in Fig. 14.

Fig. 14. Experiment Setup window.

8.1. Basic Setup

8.1.1. First you have to set the type and the mode of the experiment to run. To do so, click a control
button in each of the groups “Experiment Type” and “Mode”. There are three types of experiments
which the system ¢an manage: Linearity Check, Van der Pauw, and Hall Effect measurement.

25
 J
Section 8. Experiment Setup

The main purpose of the Linearity Check is to determine if the probes’ electrical contacts with the
studied sample are linear. In other words, to determine if Ohm's law is applicable. This experiment
type is used as a preliminary check in advance of the Van der Pauw or Hall measurement. On the
other hand, this experiment type can be used independently to study Voltage/Current
characteristics.

The Van der Pauw measurement (Four probe resistivity measurement) produces the value(s) of
the sample resistivity.

The Hall Effect measurement produces a set of parameters related to the Hall properties of the
sample, such as Hall Coefficient, Mobility, Carriers Density, etc. Because the value of the sample
resistivity is needed to calculate these parameters, the Hall Effect measurement includes the Van
der Pauw resistivity measurement as the first step, followed by the Hall measurement itself.

There are two experiment modes: Single Point and Curve. The first mode is used when you have to
measure the property(ies’) value(s) under a certain set of conditions. The second mode is used when
you want to study the property(ies’) dependence versus an experiment variable.

8.1.2. If you have selected the Curve mode then you have to specify an experiment variable as the next
step of the experiment setup. To do so, select the experiment variable by clicking a button on the
Experiment variables panel. For the Single point mode the experiment variable does not make any
sense, so in this mode the panel "Experiment Variables" will be disabled. There are some
restrictions on the variables for the different types of experiments. For the Linearity Check, only the
Current can be used as experiment variable, for the Van der Pauw measurement the Current and the
Temperature can be used as experiment variables, and for the Hall measurement all three variables
are available: the Current, the Temperature, and the Field.

8.1.3. After you have specified the Experiment Variable, you have to set the Start and Finish values of
the variable. Then you have to set the formula specifying how the variable will change within the
specified range. It can change in linear steps, or by the logarithmic law. There are three options of
the logarithmic changes: 1-2-3 means that the variable has the values 1-2-3...9-10-20-30...90-100-
200 etc.; 1-3-10 means the values 1-3-10-30-100-300 etc., and 1-10-100 option means order of
magnitude steps. To select the way the variable is to change, click the mouse on the corresponding
option button.

If you have selected “linear” steps, then the text box "Step" will appear on the panel and you will
have to enter the Step value of the variable.

If you use Temperature as experiment variable, then you also have to set the Stand by temperature
and enable/disable an option "Auto Go to Standby". If this option is enabled, the system will
unconditionally attempt to set the Thermal Stage temperature to the Standby value after experiment
has been completed. If this option is disabled, then the system will display the message box "Go to

26
:

Section 8. Experiment Setup

Standby temperature? Yes /No" upen experiment completion, and the system proceeds according to
your response.

8.1.4. The next step is the setup of the Fixed Parameters. There are eight Fixed parameters of the
experiment which can be set: Current, Temperature, Temperature Ramp, X-20 Time Constant,
Thickness (of the sample), Field, Field Ramp Constant, and Sensitivity (of the Hall sensor). The
type of the experiment and choice of experiment variable govern any restrictions which may apply
to the setup of the Fixed parameters. If a certain fixed parameter is irrelevant or unavailable for the
given experiment type then the corresponding panel in the Fixed Parameters Group will be disabled.
Some of the experiment parameters, such as Current, Temperature and Field may serve as
experiment variables or as fixed parameters. So, if one of those parameters has been selected as the
experiment variable, then it will be excluded from the list of fixed parameters and the
corresponding panel will be disabled.

To set the value of the Fixed Parameter you have to click the mouse on the white text box which is
located on the panel of the parameter to be set. Then, using the keyboard enter the required
parameter value. You may use an arithmetic number or scientific number format. The range of the
parameters’ values as well as units are indicated on the fixed parameters' panels. For the proper
system operation you have to specify all enabled Fixed Parameters.

8.1.5. The Hall measurement requires availability of a magnetic field. The possible ways for control of
the field are discussed in Section 4, "Hardware Setup". There are three options to control the
magnetic field. To select the desired option click the mouse on one of the option buttons on the
panel "Field Control Mode". (See Fig. 14, Fixed Parameters Section.)

The first option is to use the MPS-50 Programmable Power Supply. This option can be used only if
the MPS-30 is present in your system. (Se¢ Section 7.4, "Communication Setup”.) When this option
is selected the system automatically controls the value of the magnetic field produced by the
magnet M-50 powered by the MPS-50.

The next option is H-50 (Probe-5) control. This option means, that the system operates a third
party power supply to produce the magnetic field. This Power supply is controlled by the H-50
controlling voltage on the Probe 5 of the H-50. This option requires that additional parameters be
set. So, when you select this option the window "Field Control Setup” will come up as shown in
Fig.15.

Fig. 15. Field Control Setup window.

27
 n.!l!liiifllm
Section 8. Experiment Setup

In order to control the external power supply you have to specify the maximum field value which
corresponds to the maximum control voltage (2 V) of the H-50's probe 5, the time delay needed to
set Magnet current and field setting accuracy. The maximum field value is needed for the computer
to calculate the first control voltage setting to provide the required Field value. After the system has
measured the actual field the control voltage will be adjusted. This feedback loop will function until
the required field value has been obtained. It takes time to change the current through the inductive
load, so we have to introduce a time delay between the action which forces the current and the
measurement of the field value. The system decides that the required field value has been reached
when the difference between the actual and target values of the field is within the specified
accuracy. You can set the Field Control Setup parameters using the same technique as for the Fixed
Parameters. To make this settings effective, click the "OK" button.

The third Field Control Mode Option is Manual control. This means that every time the system
needs to set the field to a certain value the system operator gets a corresponding message asking the
operator to set the field. The required field value is then to be set by operator action.

There is one limitation to the system field control which is true for all of the field control options.
The field measurements are taken by special Hall Sensor input to the H-50. The Maximum voltage
which can be read at this input is 50 mV. So, the maximum field value, which can be measured (and
therefore controlled) by the system can be defined as 50 mV divided by the Hall sensor sensitivity.
For example, if the sensitivity is 10 mV/kG, then the maximum field which is readable is 5 kG. If
you have specified a field value which exceeds the maximum you will get an error message. If you
want to work with the larger fields, you will have to use Hall sensors with lower sensitivity.

Notice: The M-50 magnet is rated to provide 3500 gauss. Exceeding this limit will cause the
magnet to heat up and performance to degrade.

8.1.6. After you have set all of the experiment parameters click the "Set" button. You will get the
message "OK to use this settings”. Click "OK". If you want to adjust any experiment parameter you
can do it at any time. Just follow the instructions of this Section.

8.1.7.The system provides extensive monitoring of the setup data. This allows one to avoid problems
when the experiment is in progress. If you get an error message after clicking the "Set" button, thén
correct the wrong vatue and click "Set” again.

8.1.8. The system saves the experiment setup in the file Hall cfg upon exit of the program. This setup
data will be retrieved when you next start the program.

8.1.9. You can close (or minimize) the Experiment Setup window by clicking the "Close” (or
“Minimize”) button.

28
 Section 8. Experiment Setup

8.2. Advanced Setup

For the sophisticated users the program offers several additional user defined parameters for fine tuning
the measurement process. To access the advanced setup parameters click the "Advanced" push-button
on the Experiment Setup window. The Advanced Setup window will come up on the screen as shown in
Fig. 16.

- ‘Waiting for instructions

Fig. 16. Advanced Setup window.

The advanced setup includes the following parameters:

8.2.1. Number of repetitions at Data point. This setting defines how many times the system repeats the
measurement at each data point. If you take more then one measurement then you may later apply
statistical methods to interpret the acquired data. The default number is one, maximum number of
repetitions is 100. Always check this number each time you set up an experiment.

8.2.2. Soak Time. The Soak time defines the time delay between the moment when the system has
reached the set temperature and the moment the first data will be taken. This time is used to bring all

29
 L EREEEEREENN
Section 8. Experiment Setup

the temperature related processes of the sample to the stable, equilibrium, state. Default time is 0,
maximum Soak time is 60 min. When the experiment is running, progress through the Soak time delay
will be indicated in the System Status window by a changing linear (bar) gauge.

8.2.3. Reading Delay. The Reading Delay defines the time delay between the moment when the system
has applied measurement current to the sample and the moment the system reads the voltage. This
delay may be useful for high impedance samples to bring all the electrical charging related processes to
a stable state. Default time is 0, maximum Reading delay is 600 sec. One has to be very careful while
setting the reading delay, because it dramatically increases the duration of the experiment. For example,
if one has selected 10 seconds reading delay then for the Hall measurement this results in an increase of
160 seconds in the measurement time for each data point. When the experiment is running, progress
through the Reading Delay will be indicated in the System Status window by a changing linear (bar)
gauge.

8.2.4. Temperature sefting Aceuracy. During the temperature ‘setting process the program decides if
the target temperature has been set by taking several consecutive temperature readings. If all the
collected temperature values are within a certain deviation window then the system makes the decision
that the target temperature has been achieved. The Temperature Setting Accuracy defines this deviation.
The standard Temperature Setting Accuracy for the system is 0.2 K, which is the system default. Under
certain circumstances (very high temperatures, large thermal mass of the sample, additional probing
tools attached to the sample, poor vacuum, etc.) the system may not keep up with the default accuracy
and deviations may be increased up to 10 K.

8.2.5. Field setting accuracy. This parameter defines the accuracy of the field settings by the MPS-50.
(If the Field is controlled by the H-50 then the similar setting is described in section 8.5). The system
decides that the required field value has been reached when the difference between the actual and target
values of the field are within the specified field setting accuracy. This Parameter is effective for the field

AEABREEENE
values above 100 G, below this value an accuracy of 5 G is used. The Field Setting Accuracy may vary
from 1 to 10%, default value is 2%. If one does not really need the high accuracy of the field settings,
then increasing of this parameter will reduce the field setting time and reduce the experiment time as
well.

8.2.6. Number of decimals to display. This number defines the format of the data which is presented in
the Acquired Data window. This parameter determines how many digits are displayed to the right of the
decimal separator. The parameter can have values from 2 to 4, default is 3.

To set a parameter, first click the right mouse button on the corresponding text box. Then using
keyboard enter the value. After you have entered all settings click the "OK" push-button. You will get
"Advanced Setup OK" message. If you have entered incorrect data, then a corresponding error message
will appear on the screen.

30
 Section 9. Experiment Run

Section 9. Experiment Run

9.1. Data Collecting Process

After you have completed the Experiment setup you can start the measurements. Click the button
“Start”". The "Acquired Data"” window and the "System Status” window will come up as shown in Fig.
17. Every experiment step will be accompanied with the corresponding message on the Status panel in
the System Status window.

i i |
Hal Elfect Mexcuement |
i ~Fou Frabes Revsiviy easdremen '
T2/83 | 2714 ] ; : .
9554 | %8 Ty
TSHET | 2R
T T
33564 | [ | hi
EGELE
4 e
é -
|

: I ]
i System Status
Fesding Delayin progies 3 1
T ;
& P B 20 §

Fig, 17. The Ac¢quired Data and System Status windows.

The experiment will begin with the setting up of the fixed parameters. You can monitor this process on
the System Status window. When the fixed parameters have been set, then the system starts taking data
if the experiment mode is “single point”. If the experiment mode is “curve” then the system sets the start
valug of the experiment variable and then starts taking data once that value has been reached.

31
 Section 9. Experiment Run

The wiring diagram of the current measurement is shown on the Sample Diagram panel in the top right
corner of the Acquired Data window. For each configuration of probes, the system takes the data twice,
once for each of two polarities of the forced current. This measure is used to eliminate any dc bias due
to thermal voltage effects and other offsets. Each probe configuration has a corresponding column in the
readings table (The configuration is indicated in the top cell of the column). The readings are placed in
the table, one by one, until the measurement sequence has been completed. When the system has taken
all the data for the current data point, it calculates the results and places these results into the
appropriate cells of the table. The intermediate results which are related to a certain probe configuration
are located in the same column as the readings for that probe configuration. The data point results are
displayed in the table under the Sample Diagram.

The experiment type and the current measurement process are displayed on the corresponding panels of
the Acquired Data window. The cells with a gray background color in the Acquired Data window are
not supposed to be filled with data during the current experiment or measurement process.

The current point number and the number of processed data points are displayed in the panels under the
Sample Diagram. You can also read the point number in the System Status Window. The System Status
window presents the target and actually measured values of the Current, the Temperature and the Field,
and the value of the Power which is being applied to the Thermal Stage Heater. This data, in
conjunction with the system status messages, gives you a complete picture of the current system
condition. If one or more parameters are not used by the current experiment then those parameter values
will not be displayed. The System Status window also has a Run time timer, which starts at the moment
you clicked the Start button, The small button with the caption "R" (Restart) located on the timer panel
is used to restart the timer. :

If you do not want to keep the Acquired Data window or System Status window on the screen while the
experiment is {n progress. You can minimize them by the clicking the "Close" button on the Acquired
data window or minimize button on the System Status window (in the right top corner).

If'you run the Hall measurements and conirol the field manually, then every time the system needs to set
the field to a certain value you will get the Manual Field Control Window on the screen as shown in Fig.
18 (See the following page).
 Section 9. Experiment Run

cquired Data

Fig, 18. Manual field control.

You have to set the source of the magnetic field to the required value. The actual field value will be
continuously read and displayed in the Field Reading box. This data will be duplicated in the System
Status window as the Read value of the Field. When you have obtained the required field reading, click
"OK". The system will continue with the data acquisition process.

If you want to review the collected data or change experiment parameters and then continue the current
experiment, you have to click the "Pause Experiment” button (See Section 6, “Getting Started™). To
restart the experiment click the "Restart" button (The "Pause" button will change caption, once pushed).

When the experiment has been completed, the system produces a sound signal (if activated) and
displays the corresponding system status. The operator may stop an experiment at any time by clicking
the button "Stop Experiment”. If, at this moment, the system has not completed the measurement
sequence for the current data point then all the data collected for this point will be lost.

1f the experiment variable is Temperature then the adjustment to the standby temperature setting will be
initiated. If the option "Auto go to Standby" has been selected, then this process will start immediately

33
 Section 9. Experiment Run

after the experiment has stopped. Otherwise, the confirmation message will come up (See Section 8,
"Experiment Setup") and the operator will have to provide instructions to the system on how to proceed.

The Data File panel in the Acquired data window stays gray when you collect data. This panel is
enabled when you load the data file. Then this panel is used to display the name of the loaded file and
the file information string (See Sections 7.1,"Save File" and 7.2 "Load File"). You have to click the
button "Name" or "[nfo" to obtain the required data.

When an experiment is in progress and you have collected data for two or more data points you can
have the results displayed in the form of a graph. This graph will be updated with each additional data
point as it is collected. We explain in detail how to set this feature in Section 10, "Graphs”.

9.2. Formula Reference

To see the formulas which are used in the calculation of the results click the "Help" button. The Help
window will come up as shown in Fig. 19. Click "Close" to remove the Help window.

Pasameler Fommala ote

) qaYeh V1,V2.11,12 ate Vkage 1. Vllage 2, Curent 1, and Curent 2
Resistance -4 respectively. Cunent 12 s taken with a polarity opposit that of 1.
1 B A means Resistance auitedby 2ppling cunent t the probes defined
Ratio . T!&Ll by the list index and by msasuing voliage an the probes defined by ©
¢ 21 the second index. The Falio i cakulaled for al ides of the sarmple.
Under cettan circumstances the Resistance as defined abova canba -
4 2 negative,
a4 Fact - — ‘e’ salisfies aZ =1 ~a, whero 2=x if xg1 o 21/ X51.
| Form Factar a + in{1-8) Fom Factor is nesded to cakulala Resitivily o the sample.
i
. Resistivity G (Rlge * Rgy ) 5 17 samle thickness. Resitviy is cakcdetedfor a robe
PR (P06 * Root) configuitions
and then avesaged Resul is prosentod on e
: . 22 Avetaged Resistiviy panel :
3i 109(AR
g 34" ARy q)d BB i8 e change in applad fied which poduces the resistances |
;
| [Hall} Mobility - 2558 5 changes AR, i
and ARy,o
i .
. Densily
of cariors 7=F—;,,— eisthe
charge of an slection.
| Hall Cosfficient A, =pp
A Sheet N " Nw"fld Sheet Number s the number of cariers per unt area of the sample.

| Sheet Resistivity gM.E"

| Tope
of carriers Type of cariers s defivad by the ign of Hall Moy If poskive, then
atios ato holss, regative maans lections.

Fig. 19. Help window.

34
 Section 9. Experiment Run

9.3. Statistics Window

If several data points have been taken for each experiment variable value (See section “Advanced
Setup"), then the program can calculate statistical data of those readings. To obtain statistics one has to
click the push-button "Statistics” on the "Acquired Data" window. The Statistics window will appear on
the screen as shown in Fig. 20. One can open the Statistics window when the experiment is in progress,
as well as when the experiment has been stopped or paused or a data file has been loaded. The push-
button "Statistics" will be disabled if the experiment is of Linearity check type or if the loaded data file
has been created by earlier versions of the program and does not contain statistics data. A corresponding
message will come up during the loading of the data file of old (earlier software version) type.

Tampsraturs

i ] 27 | 2iEe 1.496E-2 4
3 TS T s | T 20418 | 25%3
o TmtE | AiBEA ] EXE ¥
[ EA0ET | 908ENT | 3913 25176410 &
354BE+6 | JBBIE+G | SEE T TS
[ aamEd [ aRET [T [ 355 Ti%Es
TS | 250Ee0 | SOHET | 4TITER
holes

T8 |
TR

Fig.20. Statistics window.

35
 Section 9. Experiment Run

Statistics window displays the following set of statistical data of each result for the given value of
experiment variable:
- Averaged value;
-~ Maximum value;
- +% - Deviation of the Maximum value from the Averaged value in percent;
- Minimum value;
- -% Deviation of the Minimum value from the Averaged value in percent;
- Standard deviation.

The first row on the window contains the name and the value of experiment variable as well as numbers
and quantity of data points that have been collected at this variable value.

Notice: If calculated results for the different data points at the same variable value identify different
types of carriers, then the Type of carriers box will indicate "?".

To obtain the statistical data for the previous or next variable value click push-buttons "Next Variable"
or "Previous Variable" respectively.

To close the Statistics window, click "Close".

9.4. Auto Backup

The program has an automated backup feature. It creates the backup.h50 data file in the working
directory every time the user starts a new experiment. This new file overwrites the old one with the
same name that was created during the previous experiment. The program updates this file with every
collected data point. This feature gives the user an opportunity to recover the collected data if the
measurement system failed during the experiment run. To do so the user has to restore the program to
normal function (this may require the operator to reset the computer and to restart the program), then
open the backup.h50 file and save it under the different name (See Sections 7.1, "Save File" and 7.2,
"Load File"). This also can be done using the File Manager. The backup.h50 file will contain all the data
collected before the failure, and only the last data point will be lost.

Notice: Do not start a new experiment before you recover the data from the previous, interrupted,
experiment, otherwise you will loose it!

36
EEEEEEEEES

Section 10. Graphs

Section 10. Graphs

Acquired data can be presented in the form of graphs. The program includes powerful graphical data
presentation tools. To build graphs the system has to collect at least two data points. Obviously, graph
can not be produced in a single point experiment regime.

If you want to configure a graph click the “Graph Control” button. The Plot Setup window will be
displayed at the bottom of the screen as shown in Fig. 21. This window presents the controls for
selecting parameters to produce graph, graph type, X and Y scaling, and turning on/off grid lines.
F R E EERE

Fig. 21. Plot Setup window.

Notice: All settings or setting changes become effective only after clicking the “Enter” button.

In the Plot Setup window you will see two panels containing a set of controls related to scales X and Y
respectively. The Y scale panel gives you a choice of parameters (experiment results) to be plotted. To
select a parameter you have to click the corresponding button (up right corner of the Plot setup
window). Different types of experiments presume a different set of available graphs. For the Linearity
check you can plot the resistance for four probes configurations (each separately or all together); for the
Van der Pauw measurement you can plot the Resistivity; for the Hall measurement you can plot graphs
of Resistivity, Mobility, Density, Hall Coefficient, Sheet Number, and Sheet Resistivity. The X scale of
the graph is the Experiment Variable.

For both scales you can set the high and low scale limits. Click the mouse on the text box of the scale
limit. Then enter the scale limit value using the keyboard.

Notice: The system provides an automatic intelligent scaling feature. This means, that the limit values
you have entered will be rounded to produce the actual scale limits and the scale ticks will be placed in
a way to provide optimal readability of the graph.

37
 Section 10. Graphs

When you click the “Best Fit” button (in “Graph Type” window), the system sets both the X and Y
scales to produce the optimum graph presentation. If you want to automatically zoom to part of a graph,
then you can use the “Best Fit X” and/or “Best Fit Y” buttons. For example, you want to zoom the Y
scale for the range of X values starting from X1 to X2. First enter the limits X1 and X2 on the X scale
panel. Then click the “Best Fit Y™ button. The resulting graph will have the X scale starting at X1 and
ending at X2 (see note above), and the Y scale will be set for the optimal data presentation within the
specified X scale range. The “Best Fit X” button operates similarly, except you have to defing the Y
scale range first. If you are not satisfied with the appearance of the graph (for example, some data
points can be located out of scale limits), you may try to click Best Fit buttons for the second time. This
can enhance your picture because the system uses two different criterias to calculate best fit limits. The
system switches the criterias with every click.

For both the X and Y scales you can use linear and logarithmic modes as well. To select the required
mode elick the buttons “Linear” or “Log” on the scales’ panels. You may not use the logarithmic scales
if the set of parameters values to be plotted contains zero or negative values. Non positive scale limits
for the logarithmic scale will result in an error message.

If the experiment variable is the temperature, the system provides an extra plotting feature. You can
format the X-scale not only in absolute témperature values, but also in values of 1000/T (T is the
absolute temperature). This format is more convenient for the presentation of the certain kinds of
curves. To set this format click the “1000/T” button on the X-scale panel.

You can turn on/off grid lines for X and Y scales separately. To do so click the mouse on the check
boxes “Crid”. If the check box has the status “checked”, then the corresponding grid lines will be
displayed.

The next step is selecting type of graph. There are five types of graph: line, line with data point marks,
scatter, scatter with mean line, and mean line only. To select the graph type click the corresponding
graph type push-button. The icons on those buttons show the graph's “look”. The graph types involving
mean values are not available for the Linearity Check. If the data file does not contain statistics data
then the corresponding warning message will come up when an attempt is made to request a mean
graph. The cross symbols on the mean curves (blue color) show the position of the calculated mean
value.

After all settings have been completed press the button “Enter” to produce the graph image. The Data
Curve window will come up as shown in Fig. 22.
|
|
Section 10. Graphs

'
Hall Coefficient {cm3/Coui} Hall sample #416-04
) i Sl
il sl el e ettt ettt !

'’
1 1EEs2
b

AGE2
208+
0B+

’ 0B
Dsoge

X EE+E

.
Fieid {G]
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Fig. 22. Data Curve window.

;&
To make any changes to your graph use the controls on the Plot Setup window. To make these changes
effective press “Enter”.

If you have used best fit features and receive an error message like “Can not calculate best fit limits”
this can be explained by the following, If no curve data points exist within the specified range of scale
then the system can not define the high and low scale limits. If you get this message then you have to
enter scale limits yourself. You should also keep in mind, that the scaling capabilities of the system are
limited to four digits. If you have entered the low scale limit as 1.2347 and the high scale limit as 1.2348
and click “Enter” then the scaling function will round both values to 1.235 and you will get the message
like “Scale high limit must be less then low limit”. This message can also occur after you have used the
best fit functions if the curve to be plotted is flat with the four digits accuracy (or have the equal values).
To resolve the problem you have to re-adjust the scale limits.

If you plot several data points at one value of experiment variable, then the auto scaling function is
unable to set X-scale limits. If you press Enter you will get an error message "X Scale high limit must be
less then low timit". To fix the problem you can reduce the low limit, or increase the high limit, or do
both and then press Enter again,

39
 EEE R EEEEEREREDN
Section 10. Graphs

You can move, resize, and maximize the Data Curve window using regular windows techniques. To
recall the Plot Setup window click the button “Setup” on the Data Curve window. To close the Data
Curve window click the “Close” button. The Plot Setup window and the Data Plot window will have to
be closed before you can load a new data file or start a new experiment.

You can produce a hard copy of the graph image. To do so you have to build the graph first. For details
see Section 7.3, “Print”.

The graph can be built while the experiment is in progress. If the system has collected two or more data
points you can enable the graph in the same way as described above. The subsequent data points will be
added automatically to the graph.

In the case of plotting the results of the Linearity Check you may select the graph “All four curves” then
the four curves of resistance versus current for different probe configurations will be displayed as shown
in Fig. 23. The curves will have different colors. The color code is shown in the legend of the Y-scale.
In the printout these curves are coded using the different curve data point symbols.

istance 1223 34 41, [Ohm} Four graphs an the scraen

TE6ES
7555
TRIES
2EES
752645
THES fe-ee-ceeoe-
75645
7455
7 4E5 ; ‘ ; -
e ToEs
Curent (Al
T
-

- Fig, 23. Data Curve window with four graphs.

40
 Sections 11,12& 13

Section 11. Program Operating Notes

11.1. The program can successfully run on the foreground and background as well in maximized,
normal or minimized windows status.

11.2. The program windows can be minimized and the corresponding icons will be present at the bottom
of the main window (See Fig. 24).

==~ R
System Status Plot Setup Data Curve

Fig. 24, Icons of minimized program windows,

Section 12. Customer Support

MMR Technologies provides customer support and upgrade of the supplied software products. You can
calt (415) 962-9620 or send fax (415) 962-9647 on business days from 8 am to 5 p.m. Pacific Time.

Section 13. Warranty

MMR Technologies, Inc. warrants its product, classified as “Hall and Van der Pauw Measurement
System Software”, against all defects in material and workmanship to the original using purchaser for a
period of one (1) year from the date of shipment by MMR. During the warranty period, MMR will
repair or replace, at its option, any equipment found to be defective in material or workmanship.
Merchandise must be returned freight prepaid for warranty service to; MMR Technologies, Inc., 1400
North Shoreline Blvd., Suite A-5, Mountain View, CA 94043-1346. MMR’s liability under this
warranty is limited to the cost of repair or replacement of the product. This warranty does not extend to
damage resulting from alteration, misuse, negligence or abuse, normal wear and tear, or accident.
Expendable items are not included in this warranty. IN NO EVENT SHALL MMR BE LIABLE FOR
INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF MMR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THERE ARE NO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE, OR OF ANY NATURE.

41
 Appendixes

AppendixA.
Commands Help Windows

A.1. K-20 Commands Help Window

EEEE
K-20 Cantral

This sammand reads the mast tecently measued temperature,

This comimand reads the presalsen
This command reads the most recen lemperettue,
heater power level applied |
15 (Type of Sensor}
tothe cold and.
This command retuns the type of the temperalure sarsar in use;
SK NNN.NN (Set Temp) This command sats tha K-20's controler tetrperatu to MNN.NN.
re |
The range of NNN.NN depends an tha type of the refrigeratar.
SC NNN (Set Canstant) This command laads the numeric vahie NNN into K-20's |
temperature contral algorithm as a time constant, The tange,
s from 1 10 265, Defaultis 100.
RP (Read Fort) This commend reads the curent rumedc equivalent of the data |
word on the Digital User Port,
WP NNN (Wi Port) Thiz command sets the mameric'valus NNM on the K-20°s Digita f
User Poit output.
SV NNN.NN{Set Valve) This command sets the activating temperature of the gas valve
ta the value of NNN.NN.
WY (what Vaive?] This command 1aads the activaling temperalu of the gas valve.
| DE (Defauits] This cammand sets all variables to thek defakss vahues:
Set-Temn D.OOK, Echo off, Control Canstant 100,
© SA N.NNN {Set Analog) This command ssts e otput volttoage N.NNN on PiN 2 f the
Anaiog User Pait. The sange N.NNN i fiom +1,20 50 -1.250, |
V@ Mokage} This command reads the voltage aci the ass
temperature sensor
RAN {Read Analog) This command reads the vokage on the anaiog iput j
specif by th parameter
ied N. N may
ED o EF (Echo On/0m This command is used with the RS232Chaveintertace
vakues from 1 to 4.
Lo conliol echo
of teceived characiers. Must bs 'DIF fof proper aperation, Use.
keyboard to enter these commants.
R,
T

42
rr R
 Appendixes

A.2. H-50 Commands Help Window

C..' (Caitrate) command starts H-60 calbrating procedure. 1

O (Defauls) command sels o variables to thei defauk values. |
FI PP =NNNNo This command forcas curtent hetwesn tha dasignated
§ F1 Pub PoNNNN probes. PP e the pobes nunbers. NN i the cutent |
(Force Curent} value. H-50 accepts genetal numbersand exponentiak
form {1mA = 16-3] s well Response = actual curent.
Examples: F] 142 4 = 20E-6, A cunent of +20 uA is forced
itom 1 and 2t ground and proba 4 connected to ground.
F1 43 = 50E-3, A cuarent of B0 millamps i forced om
prabe 3to probe 4 and probs 4 connected to ground. |
FV PP =NNNN o This command forces voltage betwesn ihe designated
FV P+P P<NNNN
{Forco Voltags] of curtent. This aiso can set the veltage on prabe 5,
&g FY 5= 200, Response = actual volage.
b Rl (Bead Cuvent) ;{zm«\mmuwwmm
avee
(Read Voltage} ‘probos o between ans piobe and ground. Probe1,2, 3, |
and 4 aie TRIAX Probe 5 is the BNC oulput connaclor - |
and Frobie § i te Hall sersor, PP are probas numbers. |
SC {Set Constant) This command sets Constant (Sensiiviy)of Hall sensor -
inVoits/Kilofauss, Range is be-4 WKG - 20-2V/AKG. |
SF -2+ NNNN This command sets the magnetic fieldto a value NNKN -
{Set Field) by conttoling the magret cument, Contiol voltage i
applied to probe 5. Alesponse = actual fiekd
R (Read Field) This command reads the field from the Hall sensor.
Eiror mesrages ate shown between braces .g. <<Overflow>>.

43
i MMR Hall and Van der Pauw Measurement System

- JCG3P004 300K-600K 7.5mT 3030G 1mA

. Hail Effect Measurement

Fixed Parameters: Advanced Parameters:

E,
Temperature Ramp (K/min) 30 Number of repetitions <]
Field (G) 3030 Soak Time (min.) 10
Field Ramp Const. 500 Reading Deilay (sec.) 3
Sensitivity (V/kG) 00942 Temperature setting accuracy (K) 4
Thickness (microns) .304 Field setting accuracy (%) 1
K20 Time Constant 100
Current (A) .001
Number Of Data Points 75

Temperature Resistivity ~ Mobility Density Hali Coeff. SheetN ShestR Carriers

K) {Chm*cm) (cm2Ms) (em-3) (em3/Coul) (cm-2) {Ohm/cm2)

1 300 4.237E-04 -25.40083 -5.800E+20 -5.381E-03 -1.763E+16 13.93756 electrons

t
300 4.238E-04 -26.43605 -5.572E+20 -5.601E-03 -1.694E+16 13.93926 electrons
300 4.238E-04 -25.539 -5.768E+20 -5.411E-03 -1.753E+16 13.94017 electrons
3

] 300 42376-04 -27.7044 -5.317E+20 -5.870E-03 -1.616E+16 13.93896 electrons

5 300 4.238E-04 -~ -28.22956 -5.217E+20 -5.982E-03 -1.586E+16 13.94183 electrons
300.04 4.239E-04 -26.02851 -5657E+20 -5.517E-03 -1.720E+18 13.94507 electrons
325 4.297E-04 -2570244 -5651E+20 -5.523E-03 -1.718E+16 14.13626 electrons
325 4300E-04 -27.31941 -5314E+20 -5.873E-03 -1.615E+16 14.144 electrons
325 4302E-04 -25.05146 -5.792E+20 -5.388E-03 -1.761E+16 14.15108 electrons
325 4.303E-04 -24.95021 -5.815E+20 -5.368E-03 -1.768E+16 14.15348 electrons
325 4.304E-04 -27.12374 -5.347E+20 -5.837E-03 -1.626E+16 14.15777 electrons
325 4.304E-04 ~ -25.92406 -5.595E+20 -5579E-03 -1.701E+16 14.15767 electrons
350 4.357E-04 . -23.56718 -6.080E+20 -5.134E-03 -1.848E+16 14.33088 electrons
350 4.356E-04 -24.2216 -5.816E+20 -5.276E-03 -1.798E+16 14.32977 electrons
349.98 4.355E-04 -28.91104 -4.957E+20 -6.296E-03 -1.507E+16 14.32723 electrons
349.98 4.357E-04 - -20.78519 -4.810E+20 -6.489E-03 -1.462E+16 14.33365 electrons
350 4.358E-04 -24.67211 -5.806E+20 -5.376E-03 -1.765E+16 14.33502 electrons
350 4.360E-04 -26.59573 -5.383E+20 -5.798E-03 -1.637E+16 14.34146 electrons
375 4.419E-04 -27.81891 -5.077E+20 -6.147E-03 -1.544E+16 14.5374 electrons
375.02 4.420E-04 -27.76075 -5.088E+20 -6.134E-03 -1.547E+16 14.5379 electrons
375 4.420E-04 -26.44846 -5.3309E+20 -5.846E-03 -1.623E+16 14.54091 electrons
374.98 4.421E-04 -26.14084 -5401E+20 -5.778E-03 -1.642E+16 14.5427 electrons
374.98 4.421E-04 -26.66226 -5.295E+20 -5.894E-03 -1.610E+16. 14.54418 electrons
375.02 4.420E-04 -24.85666 -5.681E+20 -5.494E-03 -1.727E+16 14.5407 electrons
400 4.493E-04 -2555642 -5.436E+20 -5.742E-03 -1.653E+16 14.78052 electrons
400 4.493E-04 -27.49694 -5.053E+20 -6.177E-03 -1.536E+16 14.77926 electrons
400.02 4.491E-04 -23.72803 -5.858E+20 -5.328E-03 -1.781E+16 14.77166 electrons
400.02 4.492E-04 -2561597 -5.425E+20 -5.753E-03 -1.649E+16 14.77612 electrons
400.04 4.492E-04 -30.82379 -4.509E+20 -6.922E-03 -1.371E+16 14.77511 electrons
400 4.490E-04 -27.09117 -5.131E+20 -6.082E-03 -1.560E+16 14.77077 electrons
425 4.553E-04 -29.76147 -4.606E+20 -6.776E-03 -1.400E+16 14.97787 electrons
424,98 4.550E-04 -25.7451 -5.320E+20 -5.857E-03 -1.620E+16 14.96724 electrons
425 4551E-04 -27.46503 -4.994E+20 -6.250E-03 -1.518E+16 14.97048 electrons
42498 4547E-04 -2556999 -5.369E+20 -5813E-03 -1.632E+16 14.95634 electrons
425.02 4.543E-04 -24.77272 -5.547E+20 -5.627E-03 -1.686E+16 14.94393 electrons
425.02 4.546E-04 ~27.18676 -5.051E+20 -6.179E-03 -1.536E+16 14.95244 electrons
 'fi

MMR Hall and Van der Pauw Measurement System

JCG3P004 300K-600K 7.5mT 3030G 1mA

Hatl Effect Measurement

Fixed Parameters: Advanced Parameters:

Temperature Ramp (K/min) 30 Number of repetitions 6
Field (G) 3030 Soak Time (min.) 10
Field Ramp Const. 500 Reading Delay (sec.) 3
Sensitivity (V/kG) 00842 Temperature setting accuracy (K) 4
Thickness (microns) 304 Field setting accuracy (%) 1
K20 Time Constant 100
Current (A) .001
Number Of Data Points 75

# Temperaiure Resistivity ~ Mobility Density Hall Coeff. SheetN Sheet R Carriers

[(9) (Ohm*cm) (cm2N/s) {cm-3) (cm3/Coul) (cm-2) (Ohm/cm2)

300 4237E-04 -2540083 -5.800E+20 -5.381E-03 -1.763E+16 13.93756 electrons

-

300 4.238E-04 -26.43605 = -5.572E+20 -5601E-03 -1.694E+16 13.93926 electrons

300 4.238E-04 -25.539 -5.768E+20 -5411E-03 -1.753E+16 13.94017 electrons
FERU[LBBBUBRRBNNRZaIsaroRgeeNa0swN

300 4.237E-04 277044 -5.317E+20 -5.870E-03 -1.616E+16 13.93896 electrons

300 4238E-04 -28.22956 = -5.217E+20 -5982E-03 -1.586E+16 13.94183 electrons
300.04 4.239E-04 -26.02851 -5.657E+20 -5.517E-03 -1.720E+16 13.94507 electrons
325 4.297E-04 -25.70244 -5651E+20 -5523E-03 -1.718E+16 14.13626 electrons
325 4.300E-04 -27.31841 -5314E+20 -5.873E-03 -1.615E+16 14.144 electrons
325 4302E-04 -25.05146 -5792E+20 -5.388E-03 -1.761E+16 14.15106 electrons
325 4303E-04 -24.95021 -5815E+20 -5.368E-03 -1.768E+16 14.15348 electrons
b

325 4.304E-04 -27.12374 -5.347E+20 -5.837E-03 -1.626E+16 1418777 electrons

A

325 4304E-04 -2592406 -5.595E+20 -5.579E-03 -1.701E+16 14.15767 electrons

d md ek ed wd

350 4.357E-04. -23.56718 . -6.080E+20 -5.134E-03 -1.848E+16 14.33088 electrons

350 4.356E-04 -24.2218 -5.916E+20 -5.276E-03 -1.798E+16 14.32977 electrons
349.98 4.355E-04" "~ -28.91104 4.957E+20 -8.296E-03 -1.507E+16 14.32723 electrons
349.98 4.357E-04 -29.78519 -4.810E+20 -6.489E-03 -1.462E+16 14.33365 electrons
350 4.358E-04 - -24.67211 -5.806E+20 -5.376E-03 -1.765E+16 14.33502 electrons
cd

350 4.360E-04 -26.59573 = -5383E+20 -5798E-03 -1.637E+16 14.34146 electrons

e

375 4.419E-04 © -27.81891 -5.077E+20 -6.147E-03 -1.544E+16 145374 electrons

A) =

375.02 4.420E-04 -27.76075 -5.088£+20 -6.134E-03 -1.547E+16 14.5378 electrons

375 4.420E-04 - -26.44846 -5.339E+20 -5846E-03 -1.623E+16 14.54091 electrons
374.98 4421E-04 -26.14084. -5401E+20 -5778E-03 -1.642E+16 14.5427 electrons
374.98 4421E-04 2666226 -5.295E+20 -5.804E-03 -1.610E+16 14.54418 electrons
375.02 4.420E-04 -24.85666 < -5.681E+20 -5.494E-03 -1.727E+16 145407 electrons
DN

400 4.493E-04 2555642 -5436E+20 -5.742E-03 -1.653E+16 14.78052 electrons

400 4.493E-04 -27.48694 -5.053E+20 -6.177E-03 -1.536E+16 14.77926 electrons
NN

400.02 4491E-04 -23.72803 -5.858E+20 -5.328E-03 -1.781E+16 14.77166 electrons

400.02 4492E-04 -25.61597 -5.425E+20 -5.753E-03 -1.649E+16 14.77612 electrons
N

400.04 4.492E-04 -30.82379 -4.509E+20 -6.922E-03 -1.371E+16 14.77511 electrons

LA

400 4.490E-04 -27.09117 -5131E+20 -6.082E-03 -1.560E+16 14.77077. electrons

425 4.553E-04 -20.76147 -4.606E+20 -6.776E-03 -1.400E+16 14.97787 electrons
LI L3 G2 L

424.98 4550E-04 -25.7451 -5.320E+20 -5.857E-03 -1.820E+16 14.96724 electrons

425 4551E-04 -27.46503 -4.994E+20 -6.250E-03 -1.518E+16 14.97048 electrons
424.98 4547E-04 -25.56999 -5.369E+20 -5813E-03 -1.632E+16 14.95634 electrons
425.02 4.543E-04 -2477272 -5547E+20 -5627E-03 -1.686E+16 14.94393 electrons
O3

425.02 4.546E-04 -27.18676 -5.051E+20 -8.179E-02 -1.536E+16 14.95244 electrons

 Appendixes

A.3. MPS-50 Commands Help Window

This command sets the MPS50's curent supplied to the M50 |

L iFoice Cusent) ‘magnet to the value of N.NN {Ampes ]. i
FYNN.NN This command sets the MPS6(0°s vaktags suppiied to the M-50
[Force Voltage} magnat to the value of NELN {Volis].
Rl (Read Curenl) This command teads the prasant cunent being
‘supplied to the magnet (M-50}
RV [Read Voltage] This command reads the present voltage being
appiadlo(hamgmllMifll
MYNNLN This command sets the maitium votage N .N which wil be
(Maximum Vokage] appled to the magnet (M-50). Voltages can be changed uoon |
commmdd Jusing FTor FY cammands unt this maximem valtage |
e
MIN.NN This comtaand sets the masimun cutent N.NN which wil be
fMaximum Current] supplied to the magnet {M-50}. Curent can be changed upon
cammands Fl ot Y unti this masiowum curient is reached.
MPNNN This command sets Lhe masimum power NNN (Walis] which
{Maximum Power] i be suppled to the magnet (50}, Actual power up to
this maximum wilbe determined by curent and vakage setlings,
| RAMENHNN This command sets the ramp speed at which magnet curent
i (Ramp) can be changed. NNNN = 5000 ssts ths medmum ramp spesd.
NNNN =1 sets the minknum ramp speed. Default vaue is 500.
Da ot antes spaces belors the 12mp vake.
TS (ToShar) This command forces the MPS-50ta sipulatea shot across
the output to the magnet {F+ and F- anback panel].
Enor messages are thown between braces e.q. <<Overilow>>.
 Appendixes

Appendix B.
Printout Examples

Program Manager Jiod 3

File Optlons Window Help

§- L
WME Technalogi

Hall and Van der Pauw

Weasurement System

MHaIIandedeeranummanhm
Version2.0 Copyright© 1584,
For assistance call {415) 962- SSZIX.FAX (415) 962-9647.

45
 MMR Hall and Van der Pauw Measurement System

JCG3P004 300K-600K 7.5mT 3030G 1mA

Hall Effect Measurement

Fixed Parameters: Advanced Parameters:

Temperature Ramp (K/min) 30 Number of repetitions 8
Field (G) 3030 Soak Time (min.) 10
Field Ramp Const. 500 Reading Deiay (sec.) 3
Sensitivity (V/kG) 00942 Temperature setting accuracy (K) 4
Thickness (microns) 304 Field setting accuracy (%)
K20 Time Constant 100
Current (A) 001
Number Of Data Points 75

# Temperature Resistivily Mobility Density Hall Coeff. SheetN SheetR Carriers

[GS] {Chm*cm) (cm2M/s) (cm-3) (cm3/Coul) (cm-2) (Ohm/cm2)

1 300 4.2376-04 -2540083 -5.800E+20 -5.381E-03 -1.763E+16 13.93756 electrons

2 300 4.238E-04 2643605 -5.572E+20 -5.601E-03 -1.694E+16 13.93926 eiectrons
3 300 4238E-04 -25.539 -5.768E+20 -5411E-03 -1.753E+16 13.94017 electrons
4 300 4237E-04 -27.7044 -5317E+20 -5.870E-03 -1.616E+16 13.93896 electrons
5 300 4.238E-04 2822956 -5.217E+20 -5.982E-03 -1.586E+16 13.94183 eiectrons
8 300.04 4239E-04 -26.02851 -5657E+20 -5.517E-03 -1.720E+16 13.94507 electrons
7 325 4207E-04 26570244 -5651E+20 -5523E-03 -1.718E+18 14.13626 electrons
8 325 4.300E-04 -27.31841 -5314E+20 -5.873E-03 -1.615E+16 14.144 electrons
9 325 4.302E-04 -25.05146 -5.792E+20 -5.388E-03 -1.761E+18 14.15106 electrons
10 325 4.303E-04 -24.95021 -5815E+20 -5.368E-03 -1.768E+16 14.15348 electrons
11 325 4.304E-04 -27.12374 . -5347E+20 -5.837E-03 -1.626E+16 14.15777 electrons
12 325 4.304E-04 -25.92406 .- -5.595E+20 -5.579E-03 -1.701E+16 14.15767 electrons
13 350 4.357E-04 -23.56718 -6.080E+20 -5.134E-03 -1.848E+16 14.33088 electrons
14 350 4.350E-04 -24.2216 ~5.8916E+20 -5.276E-03 -1.798E+16 14.32977 electrons
15 34098 4.355E-04 -28.91104 . -4957E+20 -6.296E-03 -1.507E+16 14.32723 electrons
16 349.98 4.357E-04 -29.78519: -4.810E+20 -6.489E-03 -1.462E+16 14.33365 electrons
17 350 4.358E-04 -24.67211 . -5.806E+20. -5.376E-03 -1.765E+16 14.33502 electrons
18 350 4.360E-04 -26.59573 -5.383E+20 -5.798E-03. -1.637E+16 14.34146 electrons
19 375 4410E-04 -27.81891 -5077E+20 -6.147E-03 -1.544E+16 14.5374 electrons
20 375.02 4.420E-04 -27.76075 -5.088E+20 -6.134E-02 -1.547E+16 14.5379 electrons
21 375 4420E-04 2644846 -5330E+20 -5.846E-03 -1.623E+16 14.54091 electrons
22 37498 4.421E-04 -26.14084 -5401E+20 -5.778E-03 -1.842E+16 14.5427 electrons
23 37498 4.421E-04 2666226 -5295E+20 -5.894E-03 -1.610E+16 14.54418 electrons
24 375.02 4.420E-04 -24.85666 -5681E+20 -5.4094E-03 -1.727E+16 14.5407 electrons
25 400 4.493E-04 -2555642 -5436E+20 -5.742E-03 -1.853E+16 14.78052 electrons
26 400 4.493E-04 -27.49694 -5053E+20 -6.177E-03 -1.536E+16 14.77926 electrons
27 400.02 4.491E-04 -23.72803 -5.858E+20 -5328E-03 -1.781E+16 14.77166 electrons
28 400.02 4.492E-04 -2561597 -5425E+20 -5.753E-03 -1.849E+16 14.77612 electrons
29 400.04 4.492E-04 -30.82379 -4.509E+20 -6.922E-03 -1.371E+16 14.77511 electrons
30 400 4.490E-04 -27.09117 -5.131E+20 -6.082E-03 -1.560E+18 14.77077 electrons
31 425 4.553E-04 -29.76147 -4606E+20 -6.776E-03 -1.400E+16 14.97787 electrons
32 42408 4.550E-04 -25.7451 -5.320E+20 -5.857E-03 -1.820E+16 14.96724 electrons
33 425 4551E-04 -27.46503 -4.994E+20 -6.250E-03 -1.518E+16 14.97048 electrons
34 42498 4.547E-04 -25.56999 -5369E+20 -5.813E-03 -1.632E+16 14.95634 electrons
35 42502 4.543E-04 -24.77272 -5547E+20 -5.627E-03 -1.686E+16 14.94393 electrons
36 425.02 4.546E-04 -27.18676 -5.051E+20 -6.179E-03 -1.536E+16 14.95244 electrons
 MMR Hail and Van der Pauw Measurement System

JCG3P004 300K-600K 7.5mT 3030G 1mA

Hall Effect Measurement (Statistics)

Fixed Parameters: Advanced Parameters:

Temperature Ramp (K/min) 30 Number of repetiions 6
: Field (G) 3030 Soazk Time (min.) 10
5 Field Ramp Const. 500 Reading Detlay (sec.) 3
- Sensitivity (V/kG) 00942 Temperature setting accuracy (K) 4
Thickness {microns) 304 Field setting accuracy (%) 1
= K20 Time Constant 100
Current (A) .001
. Number Of Data Points 75

. Points # 1-6 (6) Variable Temperature (K} 300.0067 #1

E Parameter Average Maximum +% Minimum -% St. Dev.

Temperature (K) 300.0033 300.02 5.554E-03 299.98 7772E-03 1.374E-02
Resistivity (Ohm*cm) 4.238E-04 4.239E-04 3.295E-02 4.237E-04 2.088E-02 7.371E-08 .
Mobility (cm2/V/s) -26.55639 -25.40083 4.351336 -28.22956 6.300442 1.063088
Density (cm-3) -5555E+20 -5.217E+20 6.08422 -5.800E+20 4.408509 2.185E+19
Hall Coeff. (cm3/Coul) -5.627E-03 -5.381E-03 4.371401 -5982E-03 6.310658 2.254E-04
Sheet Number (cm-2) -1.689E+16 -1.586E+16 6.084221 -1.763E+16 4.406507 6.644E+14
Sheet Res. (Ohm/cm2) 13.94048 13.94507 3.295E-02 13.93756 2.088E-02 2.425E-03
Type of Carriers electrons

Points # 7-12 (8) Variable Temperature {K} 325 #2

Parameter Average Maximum +% Minimum -% St. Dev.

Temperature (K) 324.9967 325 1.024E-03 324.98 5.127E-03 7.449E-03
Resistivity (Ohm*cm) 4302E-04 4.304E-04 5464E-02 4.297E-04 9.743E-02 2.347E-07
Mobility (cm2/Vs) -26.01189 -24.95021 4.081496 -27.31941 5.026639 9218525
Density (cm-3) -5.586E+20 -5.314E+20 4.863766 -5.815E+20 4.100301 1.859E+19
Hall Coeff. (cm3/Coul) -5.595E-03 -5.368E-03 4.058156 -5.873E-03 498182 1.983E-04
Sheet Number (cm-2) -1.698E+16 -1.615E+16 4.863771 -1.768E+16 4.100294 5.955E+14
Sheet Res. (Ohm/cm2) 14.15004 1415777 5464E-02 14.13626 9.744E-02 7.719E-03
Type of Carriers electrons

Points # 13-18 (8) Variable Temperature (K) 349.9933 #3

Parameter Average Maximum +% Minimum -% St. Dev.

Temperature (K) 350.01 350.04 8.571E-03 350 2.860E-03 1.528E-02
Resistivity (Ohm"cm) 4357E-04 4.360E-04 5.903E-02 4.355E-04 4.026E-02 1.384E-07
Mobility (cm2/V/s) -26.29214 -23.56718 1036416 -20.78519 13.2855 2362527
Density (cm-3) -5492E+20 -4.810E+20 1242473 -6.080E+20 10.70263 4.808E+19
Hall Coeff. (cm3/Coul) -5.728E-03° -5.134E-03 1037738 -6.489E-03 1329066 5.146E-04
Sheet Number (cm-2) -1670E+16 -1462E+16 1242473 -1.848E+16 10.70263 1.462E+15
Sheet Res. (Ohm/cm?2) 14.333 14.34146 5.902E-02 14.32723 4.025E-02 4.551E-03
Type of Carriers electrons
 MMR Hall and Van der Pauw Measurement System

JCG3P004 300K-600K 7.5mT 3030G 1mA

Hall Effect Measurement (Averaged Resuits)

Fixed Parameters: Advanced Parameters:

Temperature Ramp (K/min) 30 Number of repetitions 8
Field (G) 2030 Soak Time (min.) 10
Field Ramp Const. 500 Reading Delay (sec.) 3
Sensitivity (V/kG) 00842 Temperature seiting accuracy (K) 4
Thickness (microns) 304 Field setting accuracy (%) 1
K20 Time Constant 100
Current (A) .001
Number Of Data Points 75
# Temperature Resistivity Mobility Density Hall Coeff. SheetN SheetR Carriers
® (Ohm*cm) (cm2/Vs) (cm-3) (cm3/Coul) (cm-2) (Ohmicm2)
1 300.0067 423BE-04 2655639 5555E+20 -5627E-03 -1689E+16 13.94048 electrons
2 325 4302E-04 -26.01189 -5.586E+20 -5.595E-03 -1.698E+16 14.15004 electrons
3 349.9933 4.357E-04 2629214 -5492E+20 -5728E-03 -1670E+16 14.333 electrons
4 375 4.420E-04 - -2661465 -5.314E+20 -5882E-03 -1615E+16 14.54063 electrons
5 400.0133 4492E-04 2671872 -5235E+20 -6.001E-03 -1592E+16 14.77557 electrons
6 425 4.548E-04 2675018 -5149E+20 -6.084E-03 -1.565E+16 14.96138 electrons
7 449.9967 4584E-04 2571434 -5306E+20 -5.894E-03 -1613E+16 15.07937 electrons
8 474.99 4609E-04 -26.01195 -5221E+20 -5.995E-03 -1.587E+16 15.16146 electrons
9 499.9867 4655E-04 -25.18049 -5.349E+20 -5.862E-03 -1.626E+16 1531153 electrons
10 524.9966 4676E-04 -24.79105 -5.389E+20 -5.796E-03 -1638E+16 1538142 electrons
11 549.9933 4683E-04 2494718 -5.353E+20 -5842E-03 -1.627E+16 15.4051 electrons
12 575.0087 4683E-04 2534739 -5260E+20 -5.935E-03 -1.602E+16 15.40537 electrons
13 8600.0467 4679E-04 -2353358 -5.671E+20 -5506E-03 -1.724E+16 1539107 electrons
 MMR Hall and Van der Pauw Measurement System

JCG3P004 300K-600K 7.5mT 3030G 1mA

Hall Effect Measurement

Resistivity (Ohm*cm) (mean)

g 47564

4764

8 4.65E-4

48E-4

| 45564

4.5E-4

4.45E-4

44E-4

435E-4

e 4354

4.25E4

4.2E-4
| i |
T T | l

300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0

Temperature (K)