MICROWAVE ENGINEERING
SEET 3573
SEM 1 SESSION 2023/2024
N O O R A S M A W AT I B I N T I S A M S U R I
SEET 3573 : COURSE OVERVIEW
* Kindly refer to the Course Information
WEEK 1 – WEEK 2 WEEK 3 – WEEK 5 WEEK 6 WEEK 7
• Introduction Transmission line: Microwave Passive Devices Mid semester
• Introduction: Microwave • Transmission line theory • Power divider/combiner break
waveguides • Impedance matching and
Microwave parameters tuning
• Network analysis
WEEK 8 – WEEK 9 WEEK 10 – WEEK 11 WEEK 12 – WEEK 14 WEEK 15
Microwave Passive Devices Microwave Active Devices Microwave Instruments and Measurement techniques
• Directional coupler • Signal generators Measurements and parameters
• Filter • Amplifiers • Introduce microwave
instruments
• Instruments calibration
3 3
SMITH CHART
Part 2
4
Determine 𝒁𝒊𝒏 from a Smith chart
if the transmission line length is known
Draw VSWR Calculate the λ Determine the
Plot the circle from of the 𝑍𝑖𝑛 normalized
normalized the center of towards the impedance and
impedance the Smith generator from reactance from
chart point of chart
impedance 𝑍𝐿
5
Example: Determine 𝒁𝒊𝒏
6
Example: Determine 𝒁𝑳
7
8
ADMITTANCE
9
Transmission Line Theory
(Impedance Matching Techniques: Smith Chart)
Locations of the impedances:
Z A = (1.0 + j 0.0) match
Z B = (1.0 + j1.0)
ZC = ( + j 0.0) open
YE ZB
Z D = (0.0 + j 0.0) short
Z E = (1.0 − j1.0) ZD ZC
ZA YA
Locations of the admittance: YC YD
ZE
YA = (1.0 + j 0.0) match YB
YB = (0.5 − j 0.5)
YC = (0.0 + j 0.0) open
YD = ( + j 0.0) short
YE = (0.5 + j 0.5)
Example
A transmission line with length of 𝜆/8 and 50 Ω characteristic impedance is
terminated by a 100 Ω load impedance. Referring to this transmission line,
determine:
1. The input impedance, and VSWR
2. Find the input impedance when the load is changed to:
i. Short-circuit with length, = l , l , and l
8 4 2
ii. Open-circuit with length, = l , l , and l
8 4 2
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𝜆/8 and 50 Ω characteristic
Example: discussion impedance is terminated by a
100 Ω load impedance
1. Determine the input impedance
and VSWR
2𝜋 𝜆
𝑍𝐿 + 𝑗𝑍0 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽ℓ 100 + 𝑗50tan
𝜆 8
𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 𝑍0 = 50
𝑍0 + 𝑗𝑍𝐿 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽ℓ 2𝜋 𝜆
50 + 𝑗100𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝜆 8
𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 40 − 𝑗30
VSWR = (1 + |Γ|) / (1 - |Γ|)
1+0.33
= =2
1−0.33
12
Determine the input impedance, if
the load is changed to:
a. Short circuit
b. Open circuit
Repeat for = l , l , and l
8 4 2
2𝜋 𝜆
𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 𝑗𝑍0 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽ℓ = 𝑗50tan = 𝑗50
𝜆 8
𝑍𝑖𝑛 − 𝑍0 𝑗50 − 50
Γ𝑖𝑛 = = = 𝑗1 = 1∠90°
𝑍𝑖𝑛 + 𝑍0 𝑗50 + 50
2𝜋 𝜆
𝑍𝑖𝑛 = −𝑗𝑍0 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝛽ℓ = 𝑗50 cot = −𝑗50
𝜆 8
𝑍𝑖𝑛 − 𝑍0 −𝑗50 − 50
Γ𝑖𝑛 = = = −𝑗1 = 1∠ − 90°
𝑍𝑖𝑛 + 𝑍0 −𝑗50 + 50
Example
A load impedance of 40 +j70 ohm is
terminating a 100 ohm line that has a length
of 0.3𝜆.
Find the reflection coefficient at the input
line, the input impedance, SWR and return
loss using smith chart
14
Transmission Line Theory (9) PREVIOUS NEXT
(Impedance Matching Techniques: Smith Chart)
Example: A 50 Ω coaxial cable, filled with a dielectric material of εr = 2.25, is
connected to a generator with 50 Ω internal impedance and 200 MHz signal frequency.
The transmission line is terminated in an unknown impedance, ZL at a distance of 10
cm from the generator.
Knowing that the input impedance, Zin at the source terminal was measured and noted
as 25+j5 Ω, what is the load impedance?
25 + j5
Zin = 25 + j5 Z in = = 0.5 + j 0.1
50
Z 0 = 50 ZL = ?
c 3.0 1010
0 = = = 100cm
z= -10cm z=0 r f ( )
2.25 200 10 6
10 2
l = 10 cm = = 0.1 2kl = 2 l = 720
100
Transmission Line Theory (10) PREVIOUS NEXT
(Impedance Matching Techniques: Smith Chart)
Solution:
1. Locate Zin on the Smith Chart.
2. Draw the constant |Γ| circle.
Constant |Γ| circle
3. Starting from Zin move toward load
by 0.1λ on constant |Γ| circle.
Zin = 0.5 + j 0.1
SWR = 2.0
Z L = 0.6 − j 0.4
Z L = Z L 50 = (30 − j 20)
Zin = 0.5 + j 0.1 Z L = 0.6 − j 0.4
Z 0 = 50 ZL = ?
z= -0.1 z=0
Exercise
Exercise: A l =5.2 cm long, lossless 100 Ω line
is terminated in a load impedance ZL=30+j50
Ω.
a) Calculate |ΓL| and VSWR:
b) Determine the impedance, Zin at the
input for the frequency of 750 MHz
and l = 5.2 cm:
Activity 2 (b)
Example: A l =5.2 cm long, lossless 100 Ω line
is terminated in a load impedance ZL=30+j50 0.13o
Ω.
a) Calculate |ΓL| and VSWR:
30 + j50
ZL = = 0.3 + j 0.5 Z L = 0.3 + j 0.5
100
ZL −1
L = = 0.62123.50 Zin = 1.7+j1.9
ZL +1
1 + 0.62
VSWR = = 4.2
1 − 0.62
b) Determine the impedance, Zin at the VSWR=4.2
input for the frequency of 750 MHz
and l:
c 3.0 108 m/s
0 = = = 40 cm Constant |Γ| circle
f 750 10 Hz
6
2+ j1.9 )*100
2Zkl = 2(1.7
in = l = 93.6
0
0+j190 ohm
= 170
References
1. David M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, John Wiley Son
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Thank You
DR. NAS 20232024 SEM 1
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