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Abstract PHP

The document provides an overview of PHP syntax, detailing various ways to embed PHP code within HTML using different tag styles, such as canonical PHP tags and ASP style tags. It also explains commenting methods in PHP, the case sensitivity of the language, and how to run PHP scripts from the command line. Overall, it serves as a basic introduction to PHP syntax for beginners.

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2 views

Abstract PHP

The document provides an overview of PHP syntax, detailing various ways to embed PHP code within HTML using different tag styles, such as canonical PHP tags and ASP style tags. It also explains commenting methods in PHP, the case sensitivity of the language, and how to run PHP scripts from the command line. Overall, it serves as a basic introduction to PHP syntax for beginners.

Uploaded by

Iroda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Institute of physics, mathematics and digital technologies

department of computer science and applied mathematics

Abstract

Theme: PHP - Syntax Overview

Prepered: Ermetova Iroda


6B01506-computer science
401-group
Checked: Mukeeva G

Almaty 2022.
PHP - Syntax Overview

Output in PHP
The PHP parsing engine needs a way to distinguish PHP code from other
elements on the page. The mechanism for this is known as "escape in
PHP". There are four ways to do this −

Canonical PHP tags


The most universally effective PHP tag style is

<?php...?>

If you use this style, you can be sure that your tags will always be interpreted
correctly.

Short open tags (SGML style)


Short or short open tags look like this −

<?...?>

Short tags are, as you would expect, the shortest option. In order for PHP to
recognize tags, you need to do one of two things:

 Select the --enable-short-tags configuration option when building PHP.

 Set short_open_tag in php.ini to on. This option must be disabled to parse


XML with PHP because the same syntax is used for XML tags.

Select the --enable-short-tags configuration option when building PHP.

Set short_open_tag in php.ini to on. This option must be disabled to parse XML
with PHP because the same syntax is used for XML tags.

ASP style tags


ASP-style tags mimic the tags that Active Server pages use to delimit blocks of
code. ASP style tags look like this:
<%...%>

To use ASP style tags, you need to set a configuration option in your php.ini file.

HTML script tags


HTML script tags look like this:

<script language = "PHP">...</script>

Commenting PHP Code


A comment is a part of a program that exists only for the reader and is removed
before the result of the program is displayed. PHP has two comment formats:

Single line comments - These are typically used for brief explanations or notes
relating to local code. Here are examples of single line comments.

<? # This is a comment, and # This is the second line of the comment

// This is a comment too. Each style comments only print "An example with
single line comments" ; ?>

Multiline printing. Here are examples of printing multiple lines in one print
statement.

<? # First Example print <<< END This uses the "here document" syntax to
output

multiple lines with $variable interpolation . note


that the here document terminator must appear on a
line with just a semicolon no extra whitespace ! END ;
# Second Example print "This spans

multiple lines. The newlines will be


output as well" ; ?>

Multiline comments. They are commonly used to provide pseudocode


algorithms and more detailed explanations when needed. The multi-line comment
style is the same as in C. Here is an example of a multi-line comment.

<? /* This is a comment with multiline

Author : Mohammad Mohtashim


Purpose: Multiline Comments Demo
Subject: PHP
*/

print "An example with multi line comments" ; ?>

PHP is insensitive to spaces


A space is text you enter that is not normally visible on the screen, including
spaces, tabs, and carriage returns (end-of-line characters).

PHP's whitespace-insensitive means that it almost never matters how many


whitespace characters you have in a string. One space character is the same as
many such characters.

For example, each of the following PHP statements, which assigns the sum of 2 +
2 to the variable $four, is equivalent to −

$four = 2 + 2 ; // single spaces


$four <tab> =< tab2 <tab> +< tab > 2 ; // spaces and tabs
$four = 2 + 2 ; // multiple lines
PHP is case sensitive
Yes, it's true that PHP is a case-sensitive language. Try the following example −

live demo

<html> <body>

<? php
$capital = 67 ; print ( "Variable capital is $capital<br>" ); print ( "Variable
CaPiTaL is $CaPiTaL<br>" ); ?>

</body> </html>

This will give the following result −

Variable capital is 67
Variable CaPiTaL is

Statements are expressions ending with a semicolon


A statement in PHP is any expression followed by a semicolon (;). Any sequence
of valid PHP statements enclosed in PHP tags is a valid PHP program. Here is a
typical expression in PHP which in this case assigns a character string to a
variable named $reeting −

$greeting = "Welcome to PHP!";

Expressions are combinations of tokens


PHP's smallest building blocks are indivisible tokens such as numbers (3.14159),
strings (.two.), variables ($two), constants (TRUE), and special words that make
up the syntax of PHP itself, such as if , otherwise, while, for and so on

Braces make blocks


Although statements cannot be combined as expressions, you can always put a
sequence of statements anywhere a statement can go by enclosing them in a set of
curly braces.

Here both statements are equivalent −

if (3 == 2 + 1)
print("Good - I haven't totally lost my mind.<br>");

if (3 == 2 + 1) {
print("Good - I haven't totally");
print("lost my mind.<br>");
}

Running a PHP script from the command line


Yes, you can run a PHP script on the command line. Assuming you have the
following content in your test.php file

live demo

<?php
echo "Hello PHP!!!!!";
?>

Now run this script on the command line as follows:

$phptest.php

This will give the following result −


Hello PHP!!!!!

I hope you now have a basic knowledge of PHP syntax.

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