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TP 1 Engineering 23

Engineering is defined as the application of scientific principles to design, develop, and operate structures and processes, with an emphasis on safety and economics. The field is rooted in physics, chemistry, and mathematics, and engineers must solve practical problems while balancing conflicting requirements. Engineers utilize natural resources, including materials and energy from various sources, while focusing on efficient resource development and utilization.

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13 views1 page

TP 1 Engineering 23

Engineering is defined as the application of scientific principles to design, develop, and operate structures and processes, with an emphasis on safety and economics. The field is rooted in physics, chemistry, and mathematics, and engineers must solve practical problems while balancing conflicting requirements. Engineers utilize natural resources, including materials and energy from various sources, while focusing on efficient resource development and utilization.

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atillaoficial
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Texto 1- Engineering

Engineering ENCYCLOPEDI A

SCIENCE
Britannica
WRITTEN BY: Ralph J. Smith

Engineering is the application of science to the optimum conversion of the resources of nature to the
uses of humankind. The field has been defined by the Engineers Council for Professional Development,
in the United States, as the creative application of “scientific principles to design or develop structures,
machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, or works utilizing them singly or in combination; or to
construct or operate the same with full cognizance of their design; or to forecast their behaviour under
specific operating conditions; all as respects an intended function, economics of operation and safety to
life and property.” The term engineering is sometimes more loosely defined, especially in Great Britain,
as the manufacture or assembly of engines, machine tools, and machine parts.

The words engine and ingenious are derived from the same Latin root, ingenerare, which means “to
create.” The early English verb engine meant “to contrive." Thus, the engines of war were devices such
as catapults, floating bridges, and assault towers; their designer was the “engine-er." or military engineer.
The counterpart of the military engineer was the civil engineer, who applied essentially the same
knowledge and skills to designing buildings, streets, water supplies, sewage systems, and other projects.

Associated with engineering is a great body of special knowledge; preparation for professional practice
involves extensive training in the application of that knowledge. Standards of engineering practice are
maintained through the efforts of professional societies, usually organized on a national or regional basis,
with each member acknowledging a responsibility to the public over and above responsibilities to his
employer or to other members of his society.

The function of the scientist is to know, while that of the engineer is to do. The scientist adds to the store
of verified, systematized knowledge of the physical world; the engineer brings this knowledge to bear on
practical problems. Engineering is based principally on physics, chemistry, and mathematics and their
extensions into materials science, solid and fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, transfer and rate
processes, and systems analysis.

Unlike the scientist, the engineer is not free to select the problem that interests him; he must solve
problems as they arise; his solution must satisfy conflicting requirements. Usually efficiency costs money;
safety adds to complexity; improved performance increases weight. The engineering solution is the
optimum solution, the end result that, taking many factors into account, is most desirable. It may be the
most reliable within a given weight limit, the simplest that will satisfy certain safety requirements, or the
most efficient for a given cost. In many engineering problems the social costs are significant.

Engineers employ two types of natural resources—materials and energy. Materials are useful because of
their properties: their strength, ease of fabrication, lightness, or durability; their ability to insulate or
conduct; their chemical, electrical, or acoustical properties. Important sources of energy include fossil
fuels (coal, petroleum, gas), wind, sunlight, falling water, and nuclear fission. Since most resources are
limited, the engineer must concern himself with the continual development of new resources as well as
the efficient utilization of existing ones.

Source: https://www. britannica.com/technology/engineering

a. Conteste las siguientes consignas en español:

1. Lea la primera oración de cada párrafo y piense en un subtítulo para cada uno de ellos.
2. ¿Cómo se define la ingeniería? Mencione la diferencia entre EEUU y Gran Bretaña.
3. ¿En qué disciplinas se basa la ingeniería?
4. ¿Qué recursos naturales son utilizados por los ingenieros? ¿De dónde proviene la energía?

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