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Water Resources Class 10
Geography Chapter 3 Extra
Questions and Answers
CBSE Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources
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Water Resources Class 10 Extra
Questions Geography Chapter 3
Very Short Answer Type Questions
1. How is freshwater obtained
Answer: The freshwater is obtained from
precipitation, surface run off and groundwater that is
continually being renewed and recharged through the
hydrological cycle.
2. What is hydrological cycle
Answer: The continuous movement of water on,
above and below the surface of earth.
3. What is the importance of hydrological cycle
Answer: The freshwater is mainly obtained from
surface run off and groundwater that is continually
being renewed and recharged through the
hydrological cycle. All water moves within the
hydrological cycle ensuring that water is renewable
resource.
4. What is water scarcity [CBSE 2014]
Answer: Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient
available water resources to meet the demand.
5. “The availability of water resources varies over
space and time”. Give reasons.
Answer: Water resources varies over space and time
due to the variation in seasonal and annual
precipitation.
6. What percentage of the total volume of world’s
water is estimated to exist as oceans
Answer: 96.5%
7. How much per cent of the total volume of
world’s water is estimated to exist as fresh water
Answer: 2.5
8. What are the sources of fresh water?
Answer: Precipitation, surface run off and
groundwater.
9. How is freshwater being renewed
Answer: The freshwater is being renewed through the
hydrological cycle.
10. Mention any two regions which are expected to
face water shortage.
Answer: (i) Regions having low rainfall
(ii) Regions which are drought prone.
11. What is a dam
Answer: ‘A dam’ is a barrier across the flowing water
that obstructs dissects or retards the flow, often
creating a reservoir, lake or impoundment.
12. What is a multipurpose project
Answer: A multipurpose project is that which fulfils a .
variety of purposes at the same time, for example –
irrigation, generation of electricity, flood control, fish
breeding, soil conservation etc.
13. Who proclaimed dams as the temples of
modem India
Answer: Jawaharlal Nehru.
14. Why were the multipurpose river projects
considered as temples of modem India by
Jawaharlal Nehru
Answer: These would integrate development of
agriculture and the village economy with rapid
industrialisation and growth of the urban economy.
15. Name any two social movements which have
been launched against the multipurpose projects.
Answer: Narmada Bachao Andolan and ‘Tehri Dam’
Andolan.
16. What was considered as a viable alternative to
the multipurpose projects and why [CBSE 2013]
Answer: The. disadvantages and rising resistance
against the multipurpose projects, has lead us to
conclude that water harvesting system is a viable
alternative, both socio-economically and
environmentally.
17. Irrigation has changed the cropping pattern of
many regions with farmers shifting to water
intensive and commercial crops”. Mention its
ecological consequence.
Answer: Salinisation of the soil
18. What was the primary reason for launching
‘Narmada Bachao Andolan’
Answer: Narmada Bachao Andolan was launched due
to the large scale displacement of local communities.
19. What is silt
Answer: A fine soil which is formed in flood plains.
20. How people used to conserve or harvest water
in hills and mountainous regions
Answer: By building diversion channels like the ‘guts’
or ‘kuls’.
21. How people used to harvest water in the flood
plains of Bengal
Answer: By building inundation channels to irrigate
their fields.
22. How people harvest water in the semi- arid and
arid regions of Rajasthan
Answer: By building underground tanks.
23. Many people of arid and semi-arid regions
construct under-ground rooms adjoining the water
tanks. Give reason.
Answer: By beating the summer heat it would keep
the room cool.
24. Name two techniques of roof top rain water
harvesting. [CBSE 2009(0)]
Answer: (i) Recharge through hand pump.
(ii) Recharge through abandoned dug well.
25. Name any two states where roof top water
harvesting is most common.
Answer: Meghalaya and Rajasthan.
26. Define the term Tankas. [CBSE 2008 (F)]
Answer: Tankas are the underground tanks for storing
drinking water.
27. Which is the purest form of natural water
Answer: Rainwater
28. What is Kul
Answer: It is a circular village tank from which water is
released and taken when required.
29. Name any two states which are involved in
Krishna-Godavari-dispute.
Answer: Karanataka and Andhra Pradesh.
30. Name the river on which the Hirakud dam is
located. [CBSE 2013]
Answer: Mahanadi
31. Name the river on which the Mettur dam is
located.
Answer: Kaveri
32. Name the river on which the Nagarjuna Sagar
dam is located.
Answer: Tungabhadra
33. Name the river on which the Rihand dam is
located.
Answer: Son
34. Name the river on which the Bhakra Nangal
dam is located. [CBSE 2014]
Answer: Satluj
35. Name the river on which the Koyna dam is
located
Answer: Krishana
36. Name the river on which the Sardar Sarovar
dam is located.
Answer: Narmada
37. What is the contribution of hydroelectricity in
the total generation of electricity.
Answer: 22%
Short Answer Type Questions
1. What is hydrological cycle? What is its
importance
Answer: The continuous movement of water on,
above and below the surface of earth is known as
hydrological cycle. The freshwater is mainly obtained
from surface run off and ground water that is
continually being renewed and recharged through the
hydrological cycle. All water moves within the
hydrological cycle 5. ensuring that water is a
renewable resource.
2. How has agriculture aggravated the problem of
water scarcity in India Explain. [CBSE 2014]
Answer: (i) Water is a basic input in agriculture. It is
used for irrigation.
(ii) HYV seeds needs more water as compared to
traditional seeds.
(iii) Commercialisation of agriculture has also lead to
withdrawal of groundwater at a large scale.
(iv) Overuse of groundwater is another problem
associated with agriculture. The water table has
lowered in many parts of India due to its overuse.
3. “Water scarcity may be an outcome of large and
growing population”. Justify.
Answer: (i) A large population means more water not
only for domestic use but also to produce more food.
(ii) Most of the Indian cities are facing the
problem of water due to growing population. .
(iii) A growing population has also a direct impact on
the water level.
4. How does urbanisation and urban lifestyle lead
to over-exploitation of water resources Explain.
[CBSE 2013]
Answer: (i) Most of our cities are over populated.
Overpopulation leads to our utilisation of water
resources.
(ii) Urbanisation especially unplanned urbanisation
adds to water pollution.
(iii) Urbanisation also damages the existing water
resources especially the river. For example, most of
Indian river have been polluted by the waste of cities.
5. Is it possible that an area or region may have
ample water resources but is still facing water
scarcity Explain with the help of three relevant
examples. [CBSE 2013]
Answer: Yes, it is possible that an area or region may
have ample water resources but is still facing water
scarcity. Most of our cities are facing this problem.
(i) In most of our cities there is no shortage of water
but the water is unfit for consumption.
(ii) Most of our cities are in the banks of rivers, but
rivers have been turned into toxic streams.
(iii) The ever increasing population, industries and
vehicles has made matter worse by exerting pressure
on existing freshwater resources.
6. What is importance of water [CBSE 2012]
Or
“Water is a very important and critical resource in
India.” Support the statement by explaining any
three points. [CBSE 2013]
Answer: (i) Water is vital for human survival.
(ii) Water is used for transportation.
(iii) In industries water is used as a coolant.
(iv) Water is also used for power production.
(v) Water is a basic input for agriculture.
7. How do increasing number of industries exert
pressure on existing freshwater resources [CBSE
2012]
Answer: (i) industries used water as coolant, raw
material, solvent, etc.
(ii) Industries release harmful chemicals which
contaminates water.
(iii) Most of the Indian rivers are polluted due to toxic
chemicals which are released by industries.
8. What are dams? How do these help to conserve
and manage water
Answer: A dam is a barrier across flowing water that
obstructs, directs or retards the flow often creating a
reservoir, lake or impoundment.
(i) Dams were traditionally built to impound rivers and
rainwater that could be used later to irrigate
agricultural fields.
(ii) Dams are also source of perennial canals.
9. Distinguish between a dam and a multipurpose
project.
Answer:
Dam
1. A dam is barrier across the flowing water that
obstructs, dissects or retards the flow, often creating
a reservoir, lake or an impoundment
2. It is a traditional concept.
Multipurpose project.
1. A multipurpose project is that which fulfils a variety
of purposes at the same time, for example – irrigation,
generation of electricity, flood control, fish breeding,
soil conservation, etc.
2. It is a modern concept.
10. Who proclaimed the dams as the temples of
modern India Give reason.
Answer: Jawaharlal Nehru proudly proclaimed the
dams as the ‘temples of modem India’; the reason
being that it would integrate development of
agriculture and the village economy with rapid
industrialisation and growth of the urban economy.
11.‘Multipurpose projects and large dams have also
been the cause of many social movement’. Name
any two such movements. Why these movements
were launched
Answer: Multipurpose projects and large dams have
also been the cause of many new social movements
like the ‘Narmada Bachao Andolan’ and ‘Tehri Dam
Andolan’ etc. Resistance to these projects has
primarily been due to the large – scale displacement of
local communities. Local people often had to give up
their land, livelihood and their meagre access and
control over resources for the greater good of the
nation.
12. How do the dams create conflicts between the
people
Answer: (i) The dams have created conflicts between
people wanting different uses and benefits from the
same water resources.
(ii) Inter-state water disputes are becoming common
with regard to sharing the costs and benefits of the
Projects.
(iii) The landowners, the rich farmers, industrialists
and urban centres are benefitting at the cost of local
communities.
In Gujarat, the Sabarmati – basin farmers were
agitated and almost caused a riot over the higher
priority given to water supply in urban areas,
particularly during droughts. Inter – state water
disputes are also becoming common with regard to
sharing the costs and benefits of the multipurpose
project.
13. How has irrigation changed the cropping
pattern? What is its impact on the social
landscape [CBSE Sep 2012]
Answer: Due to irrigation facilities many farmers have
shifted to water intensive and commercial crops. For
example, Punjab has become major producer of rice
inspite of low rainfall.
Impact on social landscape: This transformation has
widens the gap between rich and poor. The rich and
mighty who can afford higher inputs has become more
rich whereas the poor have failed to get benefit due to
lack of capital.
14. Explain three ways in which irrigation schemes
have changed the social landscape of the
region. [CBSE 2012]
Answer: (i) Displacement of the local people : Local
people often had to give up their land, livelihood and
their meagre access and control over resources for the
greater good of the nation.
(ii) Social movements : Multipurpose projects and
large dams have also been the cause of many new
social movements like the ‘Narmada Bachao Andolan’
and the ‘Tehri Dam Andolan’, etc.
(iii) Widening the gap between rich and poor :
Multipurpose projects have widened the gap between
rich and poor. The landlords, large farmers and
industrialist are getting benefit at the cost of poor.
15. “Multipurpose projects have failed to achieve
the purpose for which they were built”. Justify by
giving reasons. [CBSE 2014]
Answer: (i) These dams were constructed to control
floods but they have triggered floods due to
sedimentation in the reservoir.
(ii) Moreover, the big dams have mostly been
unsuccessful in controlling floods at the time of
excessive rainfall.
(iii) Many a time authorities are forced to release
water from dams during heavy rainfall.
16. What is rainwater harvesting What is its
importance
Answer: It is a technique of increasing the recharge of
ground water by capturing and storing rainwater by
constructing structures such as percolating pits, check
dams, etc.
Importance:-
(i) Rainwater harvesting is the need of hour as demand
for water is increasing day by day.
(ii) Rainwater harvesting reduces pressure on existing
water resources.
(iii) It is cheap source of water supply.
(iv) It helps in recharging groundwater.
(v) The rainwater store is extremely reliable source of
drinking water when all other sources are dried up.
17. (i) What is a multipurpose project [CBSE 2009
(D) ; Sept. 2010, 11]
(ii) Why did Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru proclaim the
river dams as the ‘Temples of Modem India?’ Explain
the main reason. [CBSE 2014]
Answer: (i) A multipurpose project is that which fulfils
a variety of purposes at the same time, for example –
irrigation, generation of electricity, flood control, fish
breeding, soil conservation, etc.
(ii) It would integrate development of agriculture and
the village economy with rapid industrialisation and
the growth of urban economy.
18. Explain the rooftop rainwater harvesting
technique.
Answer: (i) Rooftop rainwater is collected using a PVC
pipe.
(ii) Collected water is filtered using sand and bricks.
(iii) Underground pipe is used to take the water to the
sump for immediate usage.
(iv) Excess water from the sump is taken to the well.
(v) Water from the well recharges the underground
water.
19. Why are different water harvesting systems
considered a viable alternative both socio
economically and environmentally in a country like
India [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]
Answer: (i) Water harvesting is a very cheap and
affordable method of conservation of water.
(ii) Indian people have in-depth knowledge of rainfall
regime and soil type. They have developed techniques
to harvest rainwater, groundwater, rain water and
flood water in keeping with the local ecological
conditions and their water needs.
(iii) Rainwater harvesting techniques are more
environmental friendly as compare to multipurpose
river projects.
Long Answer Type Questions
1. How have the growing population,
industrialisation and urbanisation led to water
scarcity Explain.[CBSE 2008 (D)]
Or
Explain any four reasons responsible for water
scarcity in India. [CBSE 2010(D), Sept. 2012]
Or
How have industrialisation and urbanisation
aggravated water scarcity in India [CBSE Sept.
2010, 14]
Or
Give three reasons for water scarcity in post
independent India. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Or
‘Three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered
with water but there is still scarcity of water
across the globe.’ Explain giving three
reasons. [CBSE 2011]
Answer: (i) Growing population : Growing population
is one of the basic factors which is responsible for the
scarcity of water. Most of our cities are facing this
problem due to overpopulation. A large population
means more water not only for domestic use but also
to produce more food.
(ii) Commercialisation of agriculture : After the
success of Green Revolution, our farmers are
producing commercial crops. The commercial crops
need more water and other inputs. Assured means of
irrigation like tube wells and wells are responsible for
the falling groundwater levels.
(iii) Industrialisation : The post independent India
witnessed intensive industrialisation and urbanisation.
Today, large industrial houses are common in the form
of industrial units of many MNCs (Multinational
Corporations). The ever increasing number of
industries has made matters worse by exerting
pressure on the existing freshwater resources.
Industries, apart from being heavy users of water, also
require power to run them. Much of this energy comes
from the hydroelectric power.
(iv) Urbanisation : Urbanisation has also aggravated
the problem of water scarcity. Most of our cities are
overpopulated. Overpopulation leads to over-
utilisation of the water resources, and also pollutes
the existing resources.
2. How do the multipurpose river projects affect
the aquatic life Explain.
Or
Explain the ecological problems being faced due to
the multi-purpose river projects. [CBSE 2013]
Answer: In recent years, the multi-purpose projects
and large dams have come under great scrutiny and
opposition for a variety of reasons :
(i) Regulating and damming of rivers affect their
natural flow causing poor sediment flow and excessive
sedimentation at the bottom of the reservoir, resulting
in rockier streambeds and poorer habitats for the
rivers, as well as the aquatic life.
(ii) Dams also fragment rivers making it difficult for
the aquatic fauna to migrate, especially for spawning.
(iii) The reservoirs that are created on the flood. Plains
also submerge the existing vegetation and soil leading
to its decomposition over time.
(iv) Irrigation has also changed the cropping pattern of
many regions with farmers shifting to water intensive
and commercial crops. This has great ecological
consequences like salinisation of the soil.
3. Explain the quantitative and qualitative aspects
of water scarcity.
Or
Water is available in abundance in India even then
scarcity of water is experienced in major parts of
the country. Explain with four examples. [CBSE
2008 (D)]
Answer: (i) Quantitative aspect : This aspect is related
to the availability of water resources. The availability
of water resources varies over space and time mainly
due to variations in seasonal and annual precipitation.
However, water scarcity in most cases is caused by
over-exploitation, excessive use and unequal access to
water among different social groups.
(ii) Qualitative aspect : Now, let us consider another
situation where water is sufficiently available to meet
the needs of the people, but, the area still suffers from
water scarcity. This scarcity may be due to bad quality
of water. Lately, there has been a growing concern
that even if there is ample water to meet the needs of
the people, much of it may be polluted by domestic
and industrial wastes, chemicals, pesticides and
fertilizers used in agriculture, thus, making it
hazardous for human use.
4. Why is there an urgent need to conserve and
manage our water resources Mention three
reasons. [CBSE 2012]
Or
Why is it necessary to conserve water resources in
India Explain.
Or
Why is it essential to conserve, and manage our
water resources Explain any three reasons. [CBSE
2012]
Or
Why we should conserve our water resources
Explain any three reasons. [CBSE 2012,2014]
Answer: (i) Precondition for life : Water is necessary
for life on earth. It is believed that life originated in
water before it invaded land. Water is in fact a
precondition of life.
(ii) Water essential for crops: Cultivation of crops
depends on the availability of water. Water dissolves
minerals and other nutrients in the ground. The roots
of the plants draw this nutritious water for the soil.
India is an agricultural country so availability of water
is a must.
(iii) Water and industries : Industries need water as
coolant, solvent, raw material, etc.
(iv) Water for daily life : Water is also used for
drinking and domestic consumption. The growing
urbanisation with its modern lifestyle has been
demanding greater share of water day by day.
(v) Water an important component of ecosystem :
Conservation of water is also important to prevent
degradation of our natural ecosystems.
(vi) Water scarcity : It is essential to conserve and
manage water because its overuse and misuse has
lead to water scarcity.
5. Examine the importance of the river valley
projects in the development of hydel power and
irrigational facilities in India.
Or
Give any four objectives of the multipurpose river
valley projects. [CBSE Sept. 2011]
Answer: (i) Generation of Power (electricity) :
These multipurpose projects are the main source of
power generation. According to the Economic Survey,
2013, these produce more than 39,788.40 MW
power. They provide us neat, pollution free and
cheapest energy which is the backbone of industry and
agriculture.
(ii) Flood Control : These projects control the floods
because water can be stored in them. These projects
have converted many ‘rivers of sorrows’ into ‘rivers of
boon’. For example, the river Kosi.
(iii) Soil Conservation : They help to conserve the soil
because they slow down the speed of water.
(iv) Irrigation : These projects are the main source of
irrigation for our country. These irrigate the fields
during the dry seasons. Many perennial canals have
been dug and they irrigate dry areas.
6. “In recent years, the multipurpose projects and
large dams have come under great scrutiny.” Give
reasons. [CBSE Sept. 2012]
Or
Mention any four disadvantages of multi purpose
projects. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2013]
Or .
How may the multipurpose river valley projects
become harmful for the country Explain with four
examples. [CBSE 2008]
Or
Why are multipurpose projects facing resistance
Explain with three reasons. [CBSE Sept.2010]
Answer: (i) Adverse effect on the fertility of the soil :
Due to the construction of dams, there are no annual
floods in the river. And because of this, the soil of the
downstream region does not get nutrient rich “silt”.
This decreases the fertility of the soil.
(ii) Adverse impact on aquatic life: Due to the
construction of dams on the rivers, the fish in the
downstream area do not get sufficient nutrient
material. Regulating and damming of rivers affect the
natural flow of water causing poor sediment flow
downward, and excessive sedimentation at the bottom
of reservoir, resulting in rockier stream beds and
poorer habitats for the rivers aquatic life. Dams also
fragment rivers making it difficult for aquatic fauna to
migrate for spawning i.e., to produce eggs.
(iii) Displacement of local communities : The building
of large dams results in displacement of local
communities. The local people often have to give up
their land and livelihood and their meagre access and
control over resources for the greater food of the
nation.
(iv) Change in the cropping pattern : The multipurpose
projects are responsible for providing assured means
of irrigation to farmers. Due to this, most of the
farmers have changed the cropping pattern shifting to
water intensive and commercial crops. This has led to
salinisation of soil leading to ecological imbalance.
HOTS Questions and Answers
1. Write the features of the ‘tankas’ built in the
houses of Bikaner, Phalodi and Banner. [CBSE
2013]
Answer: (i) The tanks could be as large as a big room;
one household in Phalodi had a tank that was 6.1
meters deep, 4.27 meters long and 2.44 meters wide.
(ii) The tankas were part of the well-developed
rooftop rainwater harvesting system and were built
inside the main house or the courtyard.
(iii) They were connected to the sloping roofs of the
houses through a pipe.
(itv) Rain falling on the rooftops would travel down
the pipe and was stored in these underground tankas.
(v) The first spell of rain was usually not collected as
this would clean the roofs and the pipes. The
rainwater from the subsequent showers was then
collected.
2. Explain the term ‘tankas’. Where were tankas
built in India [CBSE 2013]
Answer: (i) The tankas were part of the well-
developed rooftop rainwater harvesting system and
were built inside the main house or the courtyard.
They are built for storing drinking water. A tank could
be 6.1 meters deep, 4.27 meters long and 2.44 meters
wide.
(ii) The tankas were built in the semi-arid and arid
regions of Rajasthan, particularly in Bikaner, Phalodi
and Barmer.
3. What is bamboo drip irrigation Mention any two
features of it. [CBSE 2012]
Answer: (1) (i) About 18-20 liters of water enters the
bamboo pipe system, get transported over hundreds
of meters and finally reduces to 20-80 drops per
minute at the site of the plant.
(ii) Bamboo drip irrigation system is practiced in
Meghalaya.
(2) Features of bamboo drip irrigation ;
(i) Bamboo drip irrigation system is 200 year old
system of tapping stream and stripwater by using
bamboo pipe.
(ii) Bamboo pipes are used to divert perennial springs
on the hilltops to the lower reaches by gravity.
(iii) The channel sections, made of bamboo, divert
water to the plant site where it is distributed into
branches.
4. What role do “Guls” or “Kuls” of the Western
Himalayas and “Khadin” and “Johads” in parts of
Rajasthan play Describe. [CBSE 2012]
Answer: (i) In Western Himalayas people build
diversion channels like ‘guls’ or ‘kuls’.
(ii) In arid and semi-arid regions, agricultural fields
were converted into rain-fed storage structures.
(iii) These allowed the water to stand and moisten the
soil like the ‘Khadins’ in Jaisalmer and ‘Johads’ in other
parts of Rajasthan.
5. “Need of the hour is to conserve and manage our
water resources.” Mention any four reasons.
Suggest any two ways to conserve water. [CBSE
Sept. 2012]
Answer: (i) To safeguard ourselves from health
hazards.
(ii) To ensure food security.
(iii) To prevent degradation of our natural ecosystem.
(iv) To save the future generations from water crisis.
Suggestions : –
(i) Turn off the tap while brushing.
(ii) We should spread awareness regarding water
conservation.
(iii) Rainwater harvesting.
6. How is industrialisation responsible for water
scarcity? Explain. Suggest any two ways to check
water pollution.
Answer: (i) The ever increasing number of industries
has made matter worse by exerting pressure on the
existing freshwater resources.
(ii) Industries need power which is produced from
water. The power is produced by the multipurpose
projects.
(iii) Chemicals and gases released by industries also
pollutes the water.
Suggestions :
(i) Minimising use of soaps and detergents.
(ii) Minimising use of fertilizers.
7. What is water scarcity? Mention any four factors
responsible for water scarcity. [CBSE 2014]
Or
What is meant by water scarcity and give any two
causes of water scarcity
Answer: Shortage of water as compared to its
demand is known as water scarcity.
Factors responsible :
(i) Overexploitation of water sources.
(ii) Improper management.
(iii) Unequal access of water among different social
groups.
(iv) Industrialisation and urbanisation.
8. “Overpopulation or large and growing population
can lead to water scarcity.” Explain. Mention any
two lessons which you have learnt from this.
Answer: Overpopulation or large and growing
population can lead to water scarcity as :
(i) More population means more demand for water.
(ii) A large population means more water not only for
domestic use but also to produce more food.
(iii) To facilitate higher foodgrain production, water
resources are being over exploited to expand the
irrigated areas and the dry season agriculture.
(iv) Overutilisation of water results in lowering of the
groundwater levels.
Lessons :
(i) There is need to check the growth of population.
(ii) Human beings need to care for nature.
9. ‘Large multipurpose projects also lead to land
degradation.’ Explain.
Answer: Multipurpose projects lead to land
degradation because :
(i) Irrigation has changed the cropping pattern of many
regions with farmers shifting to water intensive crops.
This has led to the salinisation of the soil.
(ii) Regulating and damming of rivers affect the natural
flow of rivers causing poor sediment flow.
(iii) The flood plains are deprived of silt.
(iv) Multipurpose projects induce pollution which leads
to land degradation.
10. Explain various problems associated with poor
people due to construction of large dams. [CBSE
2013]
Answer: (i) Construction of large dams leads to the
large-scale displacement of the local communities.
(ii) Local people have to give up their land and
livelihood.
(ii) Pbor people lose meagre access and control over
resources for the greater good of the nation.
(iv) The displaced people do not get full rehabilitation
facilities from the government,
(v) The landless people have to work as labourers in
factories or construction sites. Their lives become
miserable.
11. Name any two movements that have been
started to oppose multipurpose projects. Who are
benefitted from such projects [CBSE 2013]
Answer: (1) Two movements that have been started
to oppose multipurpose projects are:
(i) Narmada Bachao Andolan was started against the
Sardar Sarovar Dam being
built across the Narmada river in Gujarat.
(ii) Tehri Dam Andolan – Resistance to these projects
has primarily been due to the large-scale displacement
of local communities.
(2) The landowners and large farmers, industrialists
and a few urban centers are benefitted from such
projects.
12. Why is rooftop rainwater harvesting important
in Rajasthan Explain. [CBSE 2013, 14]
Answer: (i) The rainwater stored in tankas is an
extremely reliable source of drinking water when all
other sources are dried up.
(ii) Rainwater is considered the purest form of natural
water.
(iii) Many houses constructed underground rooms
adjoining the tanka to beat the summer heat as it
would keep the room cool.
(iv) There is lack of perennial rivers in Rajasthan.
(v) The rainfall is not reliable in this region.
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