> Plotting Routines > Plotting Cutomize Plot

Python For Data Science

1D Data
>>> fig, ax = plt.subplots()

Colors, Color Bars & Color Maps

>>> plt.plot(x, x, x, x**2, x, x**3)

Matplotlib Cheat Sheet >>>

>>>
>>>
>>>
lines = ax.plot(x,y) #Draw points with lines or markers connecting them

ax.scatter(x,y) #Draw unconnected points, scaled or colored

axes[0,0].bar([1,2,3],[3,4,5]) #Plot vertical rectangles (constant width)

axes[1,0].barh([0.5,1,2.5],[0,1,2]) #Plot horiontal rectangles (constant height)

>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
ax.plot(x, y, alpha = 0.4)

ax.plot(x, y, c='k')

fig.colorbar(im, orientation='horizontal')

im = ax.imshow(img,

>>> axes[1,1].axhline(0.45) #Draw a horizontal line across axes

cmap='seismic')
Learn Matplotlib online at www.DataCamp.com >>> axes[0,1].axvline(0.65) #Draw a vertical line across axes

>>> ax.fill(x,y,color='blue') #Draw filled polygons

>>> ax.fill_between(x,y,color='yellow') #Fill between y-values and 0 Markers

2D Data >>> fig, ax = plt.subplots()

Matplotlib >>> fig, ax = plt.subplots()

>>> ax.scatter(x,y,marker=".")

>>> ax.plot(x,y,marker="o")

>>> im = ax.imshow(img, #Colormapped or RGB arrays

Matplotlib is a Python 2D plotting library which produces

cmap='gist_earth',
Linestyles
interpolation='nearest',

publication-quality figures in a variety of hardcopy formats and

vmin=-2,

interactive environments across platforms. vmax=2)

>>> plt.plot(x,y,linewidth=4.0)

>>> axes2[0].pcolor(data2) #Pseudocolor plot of 2D array

>>> plt.plot(x,y,ls='solid')

Also see lists & NumPy

>>> axes2[0].pcolormesh(data) #Pseudocolor plot of 2D array
>>> plt.plot(x,y,ls='--')

>>> CS = plt.contour(Y,X,U) #Plot contours

>>> plt.plot(x,y,'--',x**2,y**2,'-.')

> Prepare The Data >>> axes2[2].contourf(data1) #Plot filled contours

>>> axes2[2]= ax.clabel(CS) #Label a contour plot

>>> plt.setp(lines,color='r',linewidth=4.0)

Text & Annotations

1D Data Vector Fields
>>> ax.text(1,

>>> import numpy as np

>>> axes[0,1].arrow(0,0,0.5,0.5) #Add an arrow to the axes
-2.1,

>>> x = np.linspace(0, 10, 100)

>>> axes[1,1].quiver(y,z) #Plot a 2D field of arrows
'Example Graph',

>>> y = np.cos(x)
>>> axes[0,1].streamplot(X,Y,U,V) #Plot a 2D field of arrows style='italic')

>>> z = np.sin(x) >>> ax.annotate("Sine",

xy=(8, 0),

Data Distributions xycoords='data',

2D Data or Images xytext=(10.5, 0),

textcoords='data',

>>> ax1.hist(y) #Plot a histogram

arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->",

>>> data = 2 * np.random.random((10, 10))

>>> ax3.boxplot(y) #Make a box and whisker plot
connectionstyle="arc3"),)
>>> data2 = 3 * np.random.random((10, 10))
>>> ax3.violinplot(z) #Make a violin plot
>>> Y, X = np.mgrid[-3:3:100j, -3:3:100j]

>>> U = -1 - X**2 + Y
Mathtext
>>> V = 1 + X - Y**2

>>>
>>>
from matplotlib.cbook import get_sample_data

img = np.load(get_sample_data('axes_grid/bivariate_normal.npy')) > Plot Anatomy & Workflow >>> plt.title(r'$sigma_i=15$', fontsize=20)

Plot Anatomy Limits, Legends and Layouts

> Create Plot Limits & Autoscaling
Axes/Subplot
>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt >>> ax.margins(x=0.0,y=0.1) #Add padding to a plot

>>> ax.axis('equal') #Set the aspect ratio of the plot to 1

>>> ax.set(xlim=[0,10.5],ylim=[-1.5,1.5]) #Set limits for x-and y-axis

Figure Y-axis Figure >>> ax.set_xlim(0,10.5) #Set limits for x-axis

Legends
>>> fig = plt.figure()

>>> ax.set(title='An Example Axes', #Set a title and x-and y-axis labels

>>> fig2 = plt.figure(figsize=plt.figaspect(2.0)) X- axis

ylabel='Y-Axis',

xlabel='X-Axis')

Axes Workflow >>> ax.legend(loc='best') #No overlapping plot elements

The basic steps to creating plots with matplotlib are: Ticks

All plotting is done with respect to an Axes. In most cases, a subplot will fit your needs.
1 Prepare Data 2 Create Plot 3 Plot 4 Customized Plot 5 Save Plot 6 Show Plot >>> ax.xaxis.set(ticks=range(1,5), #Manually set x-ticks

A subplot is an axes on a grid system. ticklabels=[3,100,-12,"foo"])

>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

>>> ax.tick_params(axis='y', #Make y-ticks longer and go in and out

>>> fig.add_axes()
>>> x = [1,2,3,4] #Step 1
direction='inout',

>>> ax1 = fig.add_subplot(221) #row-col-num

>>> y = [10,20,25,30]
length=10)
>>> ax3 = fig.add_subplot(212)
>>> fig = plt.figure() #Step 2

>>> fig3, axes = plt.subplots(nrows=2,ncols=2)

>>> ax = fig.add_subplot(111) #Step 3
Subplot Spacing
>>> fig4, axes2 = plt.subplots(ncols=3) >>> ax.plot(x, y, color='lightblue', linewidth=3) #Step 3, 4

>>> ax.scatter([2,4,6],
>>> fig3.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.5, #Adjust the spacing between subplots

[5,15,25],
hspace=0.3,

left=0.125,

> Save Plot

color='darkgreen',

marker='^')
right=0.9,

>>> ax.set_xlim(1, 6.5)

top=0.9,

>>> plt.savefig('foo.png') #Step 5

bottom=0.1)

>>> plt.savefig('foo.png') #Save figures

>>> plt.show() #Step 6 >>> fig.tight_layout() #Fit subplot(s) in to the figure area
>>> plt.savefig('foo.png', transparent=True) #Save transparent figures
Axis Spines

>>> ax1.spines['top'].set_visible(False) #Make the top axis line for a plot invisible

> Show Plot > Close and Clear >>> ax1.spines['bottom'].set_position(('outward',10)) #Move the bottom axis line outward

>>> plt.cla() #Clear an axis

>>> plt.show()
>>> plt.clf() #Clear the entire figure

>>> plt.close() #Close a window

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