Important interview questions On Spring boot

Core Concepts

1. What is Spring Boot?

Spring Boot is a framework that simplifies the development
of Spring applications. It provides auto-configuration,
and starter dependencies to reduce boilerplate code and
configuration.
2. What are the key differences between Spring and Spring Boot?

Spring is a comprehensive framework for building enterprise

applications, while Spring Boot is a framework built on top
of Spring to simplify its setup and configuration.
Spring Boot provides auto-configuration, embedded servers,
and starter POMs to streamline development.
3. What is Spring Boot Starter POM?
Spring Boot Starter POMs are pre-configured dependency sets
that simplify dependency management. They include all the
necessary dependencies for a specific functionality,
such as Spring data-jpa , Spring web MysqlDriver lombok
SpringBoot dev-tool,Spring security etc.
4. Explain the concept of Spring Boot Autoconfiguration.
Spring Boot Autoconfiguration automatically configures
Spring beans based on the classes and dependencies present
in your project. It scans the classpath for configuration
classes and automatically configures them.
5. What is a Spring Boot application property file?
A Spring Boot application property file
(typically application.properties or `application.yml`)
is used to configure various settings for your application,
such as database connections, server ports, etc.
6. Explain the different ways to create a Spring Boot application.
Spring Initializr:
A web-based tool to generate a basic Spring Boot project
structure.
Spring Tool Suite:
An IDE specifically designed for Spring development,
providing templates and wizards to create Spring Boot
projects.
Command-line Interface:
Using the `spring init` command to create a new project
from the command line.

Spring Boot Features and Components

1. What is Spring Boot Actuator?

Spring Boot Actuator provides production-ready features to
monitor and manage your application. It exposes various
endpoints like health, metrics, and info to gather information
about your application's health and performance.
2. Explain Spring Boot DevTools.
Spring Boot DevTools speeds up development by providing features
like automatic application restart on code changes,live
reloading of static resources, and faster build times.
3. What is Spring Boot Security?
Spring Boot Security provides a robust security framework to
protect your applications from various security threats.
 It offers features like authentication, authorization, and
protection against common vulnerabilities.
4. What is Spring Boot Test?
Spring Boot Test provides testing support for Spring Boot
applications, including unit, integration, and end-to-end
tests. It simplifies testing by providing test slices,
mock objects, and test-specific configurations.
5. What is Spring Boot Data JPA?
Spring Boot Data JPA simplifies data access with JPA by
providing automatic configuration, repository interfaces,
and query methods. It reduces boilerplate code and makes
data access more efficient.

Practical Scenarios

1. How would you create a REST API using Spring Boot?

* Create a Spring Boot project with the `spring-boot-starter-web` dependency.
* Define controller classes with `@RestController` and `@RequestMapping`
annotations.
* Use `@GetMapping`, `@PostMapping`, `@PutMapping`, and `@DeleteMapping`
annotations to define HTTP methods.
* Use `@RequestBody` and `@ResponseBody` annotations to handle request and
response bodies.
2. How would you configure a database connection in a Spring Boot application?**
* Add the `spring-boot-starter-data-jpa` dependency.
* Configure database properties in the `application.properties` file.
* Create a JPA entity class.
* Define a repository interface extending `JpaRepository`.
3. How would you handle exceptions in a Spring Boot application?**
* Use `@ExceptionHandler` to handle specific exceptions.
* Use `@ControllerAdvice` to define global exception handlers.

Optional Questions
4. How would you implement logging in a Spring Boot application?
* Use the `logging.level` property to configure logging levels.
* Use logging frameworks like Logback or SLF4J to log messages.
* Customize log formats and appenders.
5. How would you deploy a Spring Boot application to a cloud platform like AWS or
GCP?
* Create a deployment package (JAR or WAR).
* Configure the cloud platform's deployment environment.
* Use tools like AWS Elastic Beanstalk or GCP App Engine to deploy the
application.

Some Annotation-related questions and answers:

Core Annotations

1. What is the "@Component" annotation?

It's a generic stereotype annotation used to indicate that a
class is a component, making it eligible for component
scanning for bean creation.

2. What is the "@Autowired" annotation?

It's used to automatically inject dependencies into a bean.
ioc container uses byType to inject the appropriate bean.
3. What is the `@Qualifier` annotation?
It's used to avoid ambiguity between beans when multiple beans of the
same type are available.

4. What is the `@Service` annotation?

It's a stereotype annotation for classes that provide business
services.it indicates the class is a service class.

5. What is the `@Repository` annotation?

It's a stereotype annotation for classes that perform data
access operations(DAO).

Spring MVC Annotations

1. What is the `@Controller` annotation?

It's used to mark a class as a controller, responsible
for handling incoming web requests.

2. What is the `@RequestMapping` annotation?

It's used to map HTTP requests to specific handler methods.
It can map requests based on URL patterns, HTTP methods,
and parameters.

3. What is the `@ResponseBody` annotation?

It's used to indicate that the return value of a method should
be written directly to the HTTP response body.

4. What is the `@RequestBody` annotation?

It's used to bind the incoming HTTP request body to a method
parameter.

5. What is the `@PathVariable` annotation?

It's used to bind a URI template variable to a method
parameter.

Spring Data JPA Annotations

1. What is the `@Entity` annotation?

It's used to mark a class as a persistent entity.

2. What is the `@Id` annotation?

It's used to mark a field as the primary key of an entity.

3. What is the `@GeneratedValue` annotation?

It's used to specify the strategy for generating primary key
values.

4. What is the `@OneToMany` annotation?

It's used to define a one-to-many relationship between entities.

5. What is the `@ManyToOne` annotation?

It's used to define a many-to-one relationship between entities.

Spring Boot Specific Annotations

1. @SpringBootApplication`:
This is a composite annotation that includes`@Configuration`
@EnableAutoConfiguration, and `@ComponentScan`. It's the
primary annotation used to start a Spring Boot application.
@SpringBootConfiguration`:
This annotation is a specialization of `@Configuration` for
Spring Boot applications.
@EnableAutoConfiguration`:
This annotation tells Spring Boot to automatically configure
Spring beans based on the classes on the classpath.
@ComponentScan`:
This annotation scans for components, services, repositories,
and controllers classes for bean creation.