Mathematics Chapte4

Algebraic Expression
Phase Sand
Sinx-2i
1 xponernts
1 S

INTRODUCTON
the study of the rules of operations, relation
and identity. Algebraic
Algebra is the branch of mathematics conceming and constants.
variable
expressions can be formed by combining

CoNSTANT
fixed value is called a constant.
A symbol which has a

Example: 9,-5, 0, 3etc.isa constant.

VARIABLE variable.
be given various numerical values is called a
A symbol which can

10
a2 etc. are variables.
Example: a, b, c, x, y., z, *,y s,
ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION subtractions,
connected by one or more
of the operations of 'addition,
collection of constants and
literals (varñables)
A
division' is called an algebraic expression.
multiplications and

TERMS + or-sign are called terms ofthe

algebraic expression.
expression separated by more than one tem.
The various parts of an algebraic compound expressions
have

Simple expression
have only one term while
are
expressions
Various types of algebraic

Monomial is called a monomial.

An algebraic expression having

only one term Name Terms
No. of terms

Example
Algebraic expression
Monomial 5xy
5x?y
Binomial called a binomial.
two terms is Terms
An algebraic expression having No. of terms Name
Algebraic expression Bionomial
3x2-5yz2
Example: 2
3x2-5yz2 7x2, 2x
) Bionomial
2
(ii) 7x2+2x

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Irinomial
terms is called a trinomial.
An algebraic expression having three
No. of terms Name Terms
Example Algebraic expression
3 Trinomial 5xy.-3x, 7
iv) 5xy 3xy2+7
Multinomial
is called a multinomial.
or more terms
An algebraic expression having two
No. of terms Name Terms
Example: Algebraic expression
4 Multinomial 4x3-5x, 9x,-2
4x3-5x2+ 9x-2
(v)

FACTORS to form a product is called a

factor of the product.
Each of the quantity (constant or literal) multiplied together called a literal factor. In -5xy
constant factor is called numerical factor
and any factor containing only literals is
factors are x, x, y, xy and x<y.
the numenical factor is-5 and the literal

CONSTANT TERM
is called its constant tem.
The term of algebraic expression having no literal factors
an term.

In the expression 5x 3xy+7,7 is the constantterm,

while the expression 3x2-5y z has no constant

COEFFICIENTS of the remaining factor of

called the coefficient
Any factor of a (non-constant) term of an algebraic expression i
the tem.
coefficient of the term and the
numerical coefficient or simply the
In particular, the constant part is called the
of the term.
remaining part is called the literal coefficient
Example:
Consider the expression 5x2-3xy +7.
In the term-3xy:
the numerical coefficient= -3,
the literal coeficient = xy
the coeficient of x2 = -3y.
the coefficient of 3y = -x,

the coefficient of-3xy =xetc.

LIKE AND VwLIKE TERMS

The terms having same literal coeficients are called like terms; otherwise, they are called unlike terms.

Example: () 5xy, -7xy, yx are like terms.

2
(i) 3a, 5b, -7ab are unlike terms.

5
(i) 5pqr,-7pqr rqp are
like terms.
(iv) 3xy2, 3x*y are unlike terms.

POLYNOMIAL IN ONE VARIABLE

An algebraic expression containing only one variable is called
variable in each tem are
non-negative integers.
a
polynomial in that variable if the powers or u

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The greatest
power of the variable in a
polynomial is called its degree.
Example
3+5x is a polynomial in x of degree 1.

2
3v2-7y-is a polynomial in y of degree 2.

6+81-3t is a polynomial in t of degree 3.

( 7-8x+5xis a polynomial in x ofdegree 5.

2

M2x is not a polynomial. Note that this expression is a binomial

POLYNOMIAL IN TWO OR MORE VARIABLES

An algebraic expression containing two or more variables is called polynomial in those variables if the powers
of the variables in each term are non-negative integers.

Take the sum of the powers of the variables in each term; the greatest sum is the degree of the polynomial.

Example:
5-72-9xy-3xy is a polynomial intwo variables x and y. The degrees of tstems are 0,2, 3+ 1,2+2
So, the degree of the polynomial is 4.

7p-9gr +8p22-19q p+ 2 is a polynomial in 3 variables p, q and r.

The degree ofits terms are 1,2+1,2+2,2+1, 0.

So, the degree of the polynomial is 4

) 7+2xy+5 is nota polynomia.

KO Operations on Algebraic Expressions

ADDITION OF LIKE TERMS

The sum of two or more like terms is a like term whose coefficient is the sum of coefficients of like terms.

Example
Sum of5xy, -3xy and 7xy 5xy -3xy 7xy =(5-3+7) xy 9xy
=
+ =
0
Sum of6xyz, 4x?yz,xyz and -8xyz 6x*yz-4x yz x'yz-8x*yz (6-4+1-8) x*yz=-5yz
+ =
=
i) -

4ab-abab +4ab |+4 ab4+4ab=2 ab=

()Sum ofabab and 6 6

ADDITION OF ALGEBAAIC EXPRESIONS

To add two or more algebraic expressions, we collect different groups of like terms and then find the sum of like
terms in each group. We may use horizontal method or column method.

Horizontal Method
Write all expressions in a horizontal line and group like terms together. Take care of signs and carry out the addition.

Example:Add 3x- 5y+22, 2y -5x+ 4z and y +5z -4x.

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here Aspimfion e bo
2z + 2y-5x + 4z +
5z - 4x
y+
52 -4x) =3x- 5y
+
+
(y 5) z-6x-2y
5y +22) + (2y -
+
42) 5x+ +4 +
+ 112.
Solution: (3x- x* (-5 + 2+ 1) y+ (2
+ 5z =
(3- 5 4)
3 x - 5x- 4x - 5y + 2y +y+ 2z+42
they are one below tho
Column Method such a way that
their like tems in
and arrange
in a separate row
Write each expression addition.
out the
other. Take care
of signs and carry
the following:
Example : Add
2x+ 4y2 and 2y2-11xy 5x
() 3x+ 2xy - 5y2, 7xy 4ca + 3ab and ca
11ab -
2bc -

3bc- 9ca, 5bc

+
(i) 8ab + terms in such a
Solution Arrange like
3x+2xy 5y, are one
below
2x+ 7xy + 4y way that they
the other
-5x -11xy + 2yY sum.
4x 2xy + y, Which is the required

(U) 3bc 9ca

8ab
5bc + 4ca
3ab +
-11ab- 2bc+ ca

6bc- 4ca
0 ab+ sum
which is the required
or, 6bc-4ca,

SUBTRACTnaN OF LKE TERMSs

subtracted and then add.
of the tem to be
Change the sign
Example: Subtract:

-3xy from 5xy

)-5pqfrom-3pq2

i)abfrom-1ab
Solution
sign of-3xy and add)
() 5xy-(3xy) 5xy +3xy (Change the
=

(5+3) xy =8xy
(i)-3pq-(-5pq)= -3pq2 5pq2 =(-3+5) pq? =2pq2

ExPRESSIONs
SUBTRACTou oF ALGEBRAIC horizontal method
and then add. We may use
the expression to be subtracted
Change the sign of each term of
or column method.
Example:Subtract 4p- 3q +5rfrom 7p-6q-.

Horizontal method:
7p-6q-r-4p +3q-5r 7p- 4q 6q+ 3q r - 5r
=
(7p-6q-)-(4p- 3q+ 5) =

(7-4)p+ (-6+3)q+ (-1-5) r= 3p 3q 6r.

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Column method
7p- 6q Change the sign of each
4p 3q 5r term to be subtracted
3p 3q 6r and add

AppITION/SVBTRACTIÓN OF VNLIKE TERMS

be done is simply
single term.Allthat
can
nise that you can'l add or subtract two unlike terms to a
You s h o u l d r e c o g n i s

appropriate sign + or
them by the
to connect
Example
and 3y= 4x+ 3y.
)
Addition of 4x
of 4x from 3y
=
3y -4x etc.
c) Subtraction

Multiplication of Algebraic Expressions

that if x is a literal and m, n are positive integers, then x x
x =xn*n
You know
TWo MONOMIALS
MULTIPLICATION OF coeficients).
=
(product of their numerical coefficients)
x (product of their literal
Product of two monomials
of:
Example: Findthe product
0 3xyand-5xy3 Gi) 5ab, -7a b and -3abc.

Solution
(-5x*y') = 3 x (-5) x
x*y x x*y'= -15x*2 yl+3 =-15xy4
0 (3xy)
x

abc =105 a'*2*1b2*1*1c=105

atb'c.
(-7) * (-3) xab2 ab
x x

(-3abc) =
5 x

(5ab)x (-7a b)
x

POLIWOMIAL BY A MONOMIAL
MULnPLICATION OF A
monomial.
term of the polynomial by the
Multiply each
Example: 1
3bc+3a-2b.
Multiply-3abc by 2a-b - x 3a-(-3abc) * 2b

(-3abc) (2afb x 3bfc + 3a-

-2b) =
(-3abc) x
2a b--3abc)x 3b*c+ (-3abc)
-6ab?c+9ab c2- 9a-bc+6ab?c.

Example: 2
(3p+5q-2p+3)
Simplify: (i) 3xy (5x-7xy) (i) -2pq
Solution:
5x2-3xy 7xy 15x'y-21 xy2 x
x

()3xy (5x-7xy) 3xy

+3)
(i)HorizontalMethod:-2pq(3p+5q-2p
2p+(-2pq) x3
-2pq)x 3p?+(-2pq) 5q2-(-2pq) x
x

-6pq-10pqs+4pq-6pq
Column method:
3p+5q- 2p+ 3 Multiply each term of
2pq the polymomial by the
monomial-2pq
-6p"q- 10pq' + 4pq-6pg

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PoLYNOMIALS
MULNPLICANON Or Two other polynomial
and combine the like terms in the r

each tem of the

of one polynomial with
Multiply each term
(3a 5b) (4a+ 7b) 12a2 +21ab - 20ab 35t2
Example: 1 Simplify 3a (4a+ 7b)- 5b (4a+ 7b) =

(4a+ 7b)
=

Solution Horizontal method (3a -5b)

12a ab 35b
Column method
38 5b
4a 7 b (Multiply first polynomial by
4a)
12a 20ab (Multiply first polynomial by 7b)
21ab 35b (Add like tems)
ab 35b
12a
2y2 by 3x 2y
Example: 2 Multiply x2- 2xy+
-

Solution: Horizontal Method

2y)-2y(x-2xy+2y)
(3x-2y)x- 2xy 2y) 3x(x-2xy+ 3x*-
+ =

3x-6xy+ 6xy 2xy 4xy2-4y3 -

8x?y 10xy2-4y3 + = +

Column method.
x 2xy
3x 2y

3 x -6xy +6xy
2xy 4xy 4y
3x 8xy + 10xy - 4y

Division of Algebraic Expressions O)

m> n.
You know that if x is a literal andm, n are positive integers, then x +x" =xm-", when
MONOMIAL
DIVISION OF AMONOMIAL ofBYA
their numerical coefficients)
x (quotient of their literal coefficients).
Quotiet of two monomials =
(quotient
ExampleDivide
9 26ab by- 4ab )-12pq by-18pq'
Solution

() 28a'b2 -4ab4 = 28a"b

-4ab

()-12pq- 18pa7=-12pa 2P
18pq'r
DIvISION OFA POLYWOMIAL BY A MONOMIAL
Divide each term of the
polynomial by the monomial.
Example Divide: )8a-4a+2a-3 by 2a2
9xy2-9x'y +6xy2-2xy by - 3xy
(i)

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Solution:

0 4-2
9xy-9xy+6xy-2xy 9x'y9xy 6xy
-3xy -3xy -3xy -3xy-3xy -3y+3x-2y
pIVI51ON OF A POLYNOMIAL BY A PoLYNOMIAL
1 Arange the dividend and divisor in descending powers of the vañable.
2. Divide first tem of dividend by first tem of divisor to get first term of quotient.
3. Multiply frst tem of quotient so obtained with al tems of divisor, write below corresponding tems of dividend,
t as
cary out subtraction and then take down the remaining tems next to the remainder so obtained. Treat
new dividend and repeat steps 2 and 3 til we obtain a remainder which is either 0 or a polynomial of degree
less than that of divisor.

dividend divisor x quotient+ remainder

Example: 1 Divide 2x +3x +2 by x+1.

Solution:
2x+1
x1)23x +2
2+2x

So quotient is 2x+ 1 and remainder is 1.

Example: 2 Divide x*- 4x + 2x+ 1 by x - 1 Verify your answer

Solution:
3x -1
x-1 -4 2x 1

- 3x+2x + 1

33x -x +

Thus, quotient is x - 3x-1 and remainder is zero.

Verification
divisor x quotient+ remainder

(x-1) (x-3x-1)+0
x (-3x-1)-1 (-3x-1)+0
x-3x-x-x+3x+ 1 x-4x +2x+1 dividend
Example: 3 Divide 6x3-5x2 +2x+ 1 by 3-2x+

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Solution :Amanging the tems o1 the diisor in descending powers of x and then on dividing , we get

6x + 7

2x3 6x - 5x+ 2x 1
6x 12x+ 18x

7x-16x+1

7x 14x+21

- 2x 20

Quotient = 6x+ 7 and remainder =-2x-20

EXAMPLE
SOME ALGEBRAIC IDENTITIES wITA that appear in
identities (relations that are true for all values of the symbols
Now, we shall leam some algebraic
to find the product of different algebraic expressions.
them) and use these identities
b)= x*+(a + b)x + ab
Identity 1:(x *a}(x
+

Example 1:
Expand (x * 4) (x+ 7)
(i) Expand (x+ 2) (x-5)
9
Solution:
4 and b=7, we have
() Putting a
=

x* + (4 + 7)x + 4 x 7 = x2+ 11x+28

x+4) x+7)
=

2 and b=-5, we have

(i) Putting a

(x+2) (x-5) =x+(2-5)x+2

x
(-5) =x*-3x- 10
x** (a * b+c}x+ (ab + bc + cajx +abc
ldentity 2: (x *a)x+ b)}(x c)
+ =

Example 2: Expand (x+ 3)(x-2)x+6)

Solution:
+ 6)
Putting 3, b=-2 andc=6, we have (x + 3)(x-2) (x
a=
x6
(3-2-6)x2+ (-2) + (-2) (6) +3x 6]x+3 (-2)
x
=
x [3x
+ 7 2 + (0)x-36 x+7x2-36

ldentity 3: (a + bj2 a2 +2ab + b2

=

Example 3:Expand (3x+4y)

Solution
+b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
Here a =
3x and b =
4y using the identity (a
We have (3x+ 4y)2 =(3x)2+2.3x.4y+(4y)2 =9x2
+ 24xy + 16y2
Note (a+ 1/a) a2 + 1/a2+2

Example 4:lfx+ 1/x= 3, then find the value of x2 + 1/x2.

Solution
We known (x+ 1/x) x2+ 1/x2 +2, substituting the value of x + 1/x 3

we have (3)2=x+1/2+2 +1/ =7

ldentity4: (a -by? =a?-2ab + b2
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Example 5:Expand (8x-7y)2
Solution:

Here. a
=
8x and b=
7y using PATHEINDER
We have (8x-7y)2 the identity
Where
Anpirebon Meet Surnee

-2.8x.7y+ (7y2(a-=b)? a2-2ah++b2

(8x)-2
=
=

Note:a =
a -2 64x2 112xy+ 49y2
Example : Ifx- 1/x
5, then find
the value
Solution of x 1/x2+

we know (x-1/x) =x*+ 1/x2-2,

substituting the value of x - 1/x= 5
we have (5)= x*+ 1/x2-2
- + 1/x2 = 27

5
dentity :(a * b}* (a- b)2 =2(a2+ b2 *

Example 7: Simplity (x + 4y)+ (3x+ 4y)2.

Solution:
Here. a 3 and b 4y,
Using identify (a b)+ (a - b)2
+
=
2(a2 + b3
we have (3x +
4y) (3x- 4y) =
[2(3x) +
(4y)]= 2(9 +16y ) 182
ldentity 6: (a + b2-(a - b2 = 4ab
=
+32y2
Example 8: Simplify (11x + 3y)-(11x-3y)3
Solution
Here, a = 11x and b= 3y, using the
identity (a + b)2 (a b2 -
-
=
4ab we have
(11x 3y)- (11x-3y) = 4(11x) (3y) = 132 xy
Identity 7 : ( a + b) - (a - b) = a2 - b2

Example 9: Simplify (13x- 9y) (13x+ 9y)

Solution
Here, a = 13x and b = 9y, using the identify (a + b) (a - b) = a 2 - b2 we have

(13x+9y) (13x- 9y) = (13x)2 - (9y)2 = 169x2-81y2

UsE OF GRoUPIW6 SYMBOLS

Brackets are used as grouping symbols.
Thus, for simplifying algebraic expression which contain brackets (grouping symbols), we remove the brackets

by using the following rules:

inside the bracket.
(i) If there is a * sign before a bracket, remove the bracket without changing the signs of the tems
(i) is a'-'sign before a bracket, remove the bracket and change
Ifthere
the signs of allterms inside the bracket.
Similar rules apply when inserting a bracket.
Brackets are removed in order of:
) line bracket
(i) common brackets
) curly brackets
(iv) rectangular brackets.

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Example-1: Simplity: 5x(x 3x +2) -7x(2x-3)-3(2x2- 5x-2).
Solution: 5x(x2 - 3x+2) - 7x2(2x-3) -3(2x-5x- 2)
10x+ 15x+6
5 x - 15x+ 10x-14x3+21x2-6x2+15x +6 5x3-14x3 15x2+21x-6x+
9x3 +25x +6.
- 9x3+0x2+ 25x +6
-
=
(5-14) x+(-15+21 6) x2+ (10+15)x +6
Example-2: Simplify: 5a2- [3b2-2 (3ab 5a(2a - b)}.
Solution: 5a2-[3b2-2 (3ab - 5a (2a - b)}]

10a2+ 5ab}] 5a2-[3b2 -2 (8ab 10a2)] = 5a2- [3b2- 16ab +

20a1
5a2- [3b2-2(3ab
-
=

5a2- 3b2 + 16ab- 20a2-15a2-3b2+16ab.

Example-3: Simplify
5y-12x-3y-3 (52-2 (x- 2y-32-2x ))

Solution:5y -[2x-3y -3(5z -2 (x- 2y-3z-2x)N

5y-[2x-3y-3 (5z-2 (x-2y +3z + 2x)}] =5y- [2x-3y -3 (5z-2 (3x-2y + 32)}]

5y -[2x-3y-3 (5z-6x+ 4y-6z}] 5y - [2x-3y-3 f-z-6x+ 4y

=

5y -[2x-3y + 3z+ 18x- 12y]= 5y -[20x- 15y +32] =5y -20x+ 15y-3z
20y 20x- 3z.

VALVE OF AN EXPeESSION of algeb

the expression. The value
the given value of the variable in
To find the value of an expression substitute
the variables.
expression depend on the different values of
Example-1: Findthe value of xatx=-2.

Solution: 2) x=-2 -x-2x -o

3.
Example-2: Find the value of n- n2 + 4n at n

Solution:n3-n2+ 4n=33- 32+4 x3 3) =27 -9+ 12

(:n =
39-9 30

-3 and y=-4
)x* +2xy + y (i) x?- y2 forx
=

Example-3 : Findthe value of =9+24 + 16 4 9

Solution: 0 x*+2xy+y= (-3) +2x(-3)x{(4) (4) +

-7
Ci)2-y2=(-3)-(4)2 =
9- 16

TNTRODUCTION ON ExPONENT
raised to the power three.
We know that 4x4x4 be written as 4° that is read as four
can

Similarly, 2x2*2*2x... 10 times

=
210, read as two raised to the power ten.
then have x" = xxxxX* . m' times.
Ingeneral, if x is any number and m is a positive integer, we

The number x is called the 'base' and m is called the exponent or the index of the exponential expression.

For example: (-3)(-3)x(-3)x(-3) (-3)4

=

where base = -3 and exponent = 4

Example-1: Simpify: ) 24 x 52 ()(-2) x (-5)*(i) (-3)* x (-5)P

Solution:
(2x2x2x2) x (5 x 5) = (2 x 2) x (2 x 5) x (2 x 5) = 4 x 10 x 10= 400
(i)(-2) x (-5) x (-5) x (-5) = (-2) x (-5) x25 10 x 25 250
i ) (-3) x (-3) x (-3) x (-5) x (-5) x (-5) = 9 x (-3) x 25 x (-5) = (-27) x (-125) = 3375

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VI PHI
Express 648
648 as
as aa product of powers of
Example-2:
2x N 234 2 x (2 x 162
prime factors
648
Sou
Sohution:

x 81) = (2 * 2*2) * (5* 2)* (2 * 2 x 2) * (3x 3x 9) (2 x 2x 2) (3 3

2*2
3 3) 2" 3
Example-3:
lHry =24 where
ere x, y are primes, then find the vaue of xys
Solution:xy 24*y8x3 *y x3
x2. y3Xy
2 x
3" =2 x 27 =54
LAWS OF EXPONENTS

e
are integers
anv integers
ay and m and n are
positive integers or whole numbers, then
Ifa. b
x a"= amtn
(a) a
a" = am-h
(b) a
c)(am)= amn =(a)m

( a b =(a b)m
x

(0 a1
Laodd number = -(a) odd humber ()(-a) even number = (a) even number
9 Note:(-1) odd number - 1 ; (-1)even number = 1

G-)-
Example-1 Simplify

Solution: # -(23)x# =z'x=2'-2 -512

Example-2: @
2x3x 76
6x73
Solution:

a 2x=
6x73 21-1x 32-1 x76-3 =2 x31 x73 =1x 3x (343) =1029

6i) We have

DECIMAL NUMBER SSTEM

We can write
56741 5 x 10000+6x 1000+7x 100+4 x 10+1 5 x 104+6x 103+7 x 102+4x 101+ 1x 100
and 567 5.67 100 1000 or
x
0.567 x
0.567x 10

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STAWDARD FoRM 1.0 and 10 0 including multiplication by a pOvwer

a decimal
number between
number can be expressed as
Any its standard form.
10 Such a fom
of a number is called
56741 x 100 is not its
standard form
Note that. 56741
x 10000 = 5.6741 x 10 Is its standard form.
56741
In fact, 56741
343500 in the standard
form.
Example: Express
Solution: 343500 3.43500 x
100000 3.435 105 x

RECIPROCAL OF RATnoNAL
WVMBER

of
is any positive integer, then reciprocal
Ifis any non-zero rationalnumber and m
Reciprocal is also known as multiplicative inverse.

Reciprocal ofa is Reciprocal of

XSolved Assigameob X
-5xy -3xy.
expression 7x'y
Problem-1: Considerthe algebraic
number of terms?
List all the terms
() What is the term- 5xy°?
numeical coefficient ofthe
() What is the term-3xy2?
(i) What is the literal
coefficient ofthe
If so, write its degree.
expression a polynomial?
(iv) Is the given in the term 3xy2?
coefficient of 3x
(v)What is the
What is
(vi) the coefficient of -5xy in the term- 5xys?

Solution: t has fourterms; 7x*y,-5xy-3x*y-

coefficient is -5.
(i) In the tem 5xy", the numerical
literal coefficient =
xy2
Cii) in thetem -3xy2,
(iv) Given expression is polynomial.
a
is 5.
1+3, 2 2, 0. So, the degree of the polynomial
Thedegrees ofitsterms are 3+2,
() The coeficient of 3x in the term-3xy2 is -xy2.
The coefficient of-5xy in theterm-5xy
is y4
vi)
Problem-2
:0) Add and
(ii) Subtract: (a- b)x* (b ; c)y + cz from (b + C) y+ (c+ a)z+ (a + b) x
Solution

2454
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 VPH1 MATH-CH4-AEE-TU

PATMFINDE
-112+32 =2x*y+ 21
c) y+ (C+a) z+ (a * b) x]-[(a-b) x*(b +c) y cz] +
x[(a+b)-(a-b)]+-b)}+y [(D+ )-(b +©)]+ z{(¢
2bx+ az
+a)-c} x(a b- a+ b)+ yy (b+
=
( C-b -c)+z (c +a-0)
+

x(2b) +y.0+2.a
fA 3x3+ 4x6 2x +5, B-4x *

. A+B+C (3x'+4x *2x+5) (-4*+8x2-7x-4, C =3+ 2x2+x+ 2. Find A+B+C

Example-3:fA

=
+

22x+5-4x +8x2-7x-4) +( +22 +x+2)

0+14x+(4)x*3 = 14x-4x+3
8x-7x-4+x+2+x*2= f(3-4+1)+7(4+8+20+
*(4 +8 +20+x(2-7+ 1)+3
x{2-7*
kample-4 Find A-B+C from the value of A, B, C in the above
:
question.
n:A-B+C (3x+
4x+2x+5)-(4+82-7x-4)+(K+2x2+x+2)
=
Solution:

3+4x2 +2x+5+4x33-8x+7x+ 4++2x+x+2

+4x+x)+
(3x3 (4x*-8x+3x)+92x+ 7x+4)+(5+4+2)= (3+4+1)* (4-8+2)x++(247+1)x*11
=83+(-2)x+ 10x+ 11 8x*-2x2+ 10x+ 11
=

Problem-5:What is to be added to a2 -3ab+ 3ab2-

b2 to make a-b3?
Colution: The expression which is to be added to the given expression to a3-b is
( - b ) - (a* - 3a*b +3ab - b°) * a°-b-a+3a°b-3ab2+ b2= 3ab-3ab2

Problem-6:What is to be subtracted from at-bfto get a2+ b22

Solution: The required expression = ( a - b ) - (a2+ b2= af-b4- a?-b2

Problem-7:Simpliífy:2a-[5b+{c-(a+ b-20)]-(4b--c).
Solution: The Expression 2a-[5b + {c-a-b+ 20)]-4b+c

(2a+ a)-(5b- b+ 4b) - (¢ + 2c-c) 3a-8b-2c.

=

Problem-8:Simpliífy (a + 3) (a-4) +(2a+5)a+7)-(3a-2)(a +6)

Solution: (a+3) (a4)+(2a + 5) (a+ 7)-(3a-2) (a+6)

=(2-4a+3a -12)+ (2a+ 14a + 5a+ 35)-(3a2+ 18a-2a-12)
(--12)+ (2a2+ 19a+35) -(342+ 16a-12)= a?-a -12+2a2+ 19a+36-3a-16a12
=a2+2a-3a4- a 16a+ 19a- 12+ 35+ 12 2a + 35.
-

Problem-9:Simplify: 2c-13b+(2b a)-4a+{2-(3b- a-2b)]

Solution: The expression = 2c- 13b+(2b-a) - 4a+ {2c-(3b- a-2b )}]
20-3b +(2b -a) -4a + {2c-(3.b-a+ 2b)}]=2c-13b+(2b-a) -4a+{2c-(5b-a)}]
2c-[3b +(2b-a)-4a+ {2c-5b + a}] =2c-13b + 2b-a-4a +2c 5b+a

20-1-a-4a+ a+3b+2b-5b+2] 20-Ha+20

2c+ 4a-2c 4a

Problem-10:Simplify-7x--5y-(-32-(-6x-7y+8z)}}
Solution:-7x--5y--3z-(-6x-7y-82)}]=-7x--5y -{-3z +6x+7y+82)]
52]=-7x+ 6x+ 12y+ 5z
-7x-(-5y- {6x+ 7y + 5z }]= 7x-[5y -6x-7y-52]=-7x--6x-12y -
-

-x* 12y +5z.

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VIl-PH1-MATH-CH
Problem-11:Find the value of - at x= 5.
AEE-TU
52 25x25x5
Solution:125 25 5 125 125 124 25 5-5 25
= +
5 25
Problem-12: lfx=2p2-q2-P.y=p2+2q2+,2=p2+q2+22
find the value of 4x- 2y+3z when p= 4,q= 3, r= 2014
Solution: The expression 4x-2y+ 3z
=

4
(2p-9-)-2(p* +2q+)+3 (p+q2+2)= 8p2-4q2-42-2p2-4q2-2+3p2+ 3q26R
Bp2-2p2+3p2-4q2 4q2+ 3q2-412-22+6r2 9q2-5q2
putting p=4,q =3
9.(4)-5.(3¥ = 9.16-5.9= 144-45 = 99

Problem-13: If (-8) -512, then find the value

Solution:-512= (-8) (-3) (-8)
of x.
x x
=(-8) Hence(-8)= (-8) x=3
Problem-14: Find the diference 73
between and
Solution:4

o-1- -
Problem-15: Find the reciprocal
Solution: Let y be the reciprocal
of (3,
then of (-x)13 (-x)13xy =
1 Dividing both sides by (-x)3, we get
-x xy 1
)
The reciprocal of (-x)13 is
y= (-* or
-
Problem-16 :By what
number shall we
Solution: Let the required number be multiply (-3)-l to obtain a
product equal to 10-1?
x, then
(-3)* xx=
(10)
X= -
10
We should
mutiply (-3)-
by-to obtain the product (10)-1
Problem-17: Simplity:
Solution: (6-1-8-1-1+(6-8-r1+
(2-1-3-1-1 (2-1-3-1-1

24+6 30

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 VIPH1
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PPATHENDE
18:Express 7,63,:500 in the standard form.
probe63.500 7635 x 1007635 x 102 = 7.635 x 1000x10
solution:7,63,500 7635 7635 1 0 10?= 7635 10

Express 192 x 90 as a
product of prime factors
Problem-19

Solution:192 90 (2 96) (2 45) 24 (2 48) (3 15) =23

x x x =
x x x x x
(2 24) (3 x x x 3 *
9
36 5 =25
12) 33x 52 (2 xx (s

2x(2
x
*
*2*3)
x
*3 5=2 22 33
5- 27 33 x5
x x x x x

Which one is greater 65 or 367

Problem-20

Here 63= 6x6 x6=36 x6= 216 and 3 33 33 =27 27 729

Solution: Here f x x
than 63
3° is greater
Hence

Dasolued Assigoment
kevel-1
1. The value of 12x-5 at X 8

C) 1 )
*(2n+1)

2 The value of 6
at n = 5 is

(A) 14 (B) 30 (C) 55 (D) 86

The value of (2x

+ 3y) + (2x-3y) is
3
(A) 4x+6y (B) 4x-6y (C) 4x D) 6y

4. The value of (5a-5b)-

(2a + 3b) is
(B) 3a +5b (C) 3a-8b (D) 3a-5b
(A) 3a+8b

5. The numerical coeficient of-2.7xy2is (D)-2.7

(A) 2.7 (B) xy2 C)-y2

6 The coefficient of y in the term +z'xy is

(A C)

is equal to

(C) 3 (D) 4
(A) 1 (B)2

8 is equal to

(C) (-5)5

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 PATHFINDER
here Aspirelion Meets Suceee
VII-PH1-MATH-CH4At
3(-5 is equal to
9
6 104 (D) -13500
(C) -11500
(B) 11500
(A) 13500

is equal to

2 ()
(A) 64
81
C)29
11. The value of (-5xy)x

C)
A)xyi24

10a-8+8a) from -3 i s
12 Subtract the sum of (8a -6a2+9) and (-+ 4 (C) -2a2 +2a-4 (D) -2a2 +2a
-2

(A) 2a2-2a -2 (B) 2a2-2a 2st (s - ) is.

(t-1)-3t2 (2s2-s)
+

(s -t)- 6s2
of 4st (D)-4st2
13. The simple algebraic expression (C) -3st2
(B) -2st2
(A) -st2

-10
then the value of
14.
(B) 0
determined
Cannot be
(A) 1 (D)
C) -1
33/2 is
of(943 272)
x
x
15. The
value 37 (D) 34
13 (C) 36
9 (B) 36
(A) 35
that the quotient
is (-5)-1?
be divided so (D) 2-1
16. By what number should (-15) - (C) 2
(B) 3
(A) 3-1
(D) 2 x 33x 52
53
17. 2250 is equal to 32x 53 (C) 2 x32x
32x 52 (B) 22x
(A) 22 x
to
then n is equal
(D) 2
C) 3
(B) 4
(A) 1

equal to
19
(C) 2
(D) 2
(B) 1
(A) 0

4
20. (1024)
5 equals to

() 512
) )266
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 PATMRINDE
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Column Awith Column B

2 1 Match

ColumnA Column
bé z 16 and a -b=2, then a+ b a. 3x-x-11
Ifa2
of (X- a) (x-b) (x-c) (x-d) b. 3x2-x*5
The degree
.
ii 4x+20xy+ 25y2 C.8

A
(5x+7x-3)- (2x- +8x-8) d. 4
e. (4x+5y) (x*5y)
f. (2x+5y)
iv-a
D) +b, i-c, ii-e,
iv-d (B) i-c, i-d, i-f, iv-b (C) -a, i-c, ii-d, iv-e
f, i-b, ii-c,
,

(A)

s e kevel-2
y=7 then (x-y}2 =
Ifx-y= 28 and x
+

16 D) 12
8
(B) 4 (C)
(A)
Factorize (2a
+ 3b)- (3a +2b)2
2 Dy (5a+b)(5b* a)
b) (B) (a+ 5b)(a-5b) (C) (5a+5b)(b-a)
(5a+ b)(5a
-

(A)
following is a perfect square?
Which of the 25x2+30xy+ 9y2
3.
(B) 4x2+ 12xy+3y2 (C) 25x2+10xy+4y2 ()25
(A)
9x+24xy +4y2
7 and xy
=
2, then x2- y2 = y).
4. Ifx+y= (D) 7/43
(B) 7/44 C) 741
(A) 746
then x100
5. Ifx+=2,
X (D) 2100
) 1 (C) 2
(A) 0

6 Factorize x +af+ 2a +2x+2ax (C) x-a)x+a+2)

(D) -a)X-a+2)
x+ax+at2) B) (x* a)(x-a-2)
(A)
is 9x + 18xy +pa perfect square?
7. Forwhat value of p (C) 6y2 (D) 4y2
(A) 9y2 B) 3y

then 16y+
If2y+ 1/2y 3,
=
8.
16y (D) 47
(B) 79 (C) 49
(A) 81

492 x-4 (x> 0), then x=_

9 If496 x

(C) 493
(D) 496

(A) 495 (8) 494

Ifx-y2 12xy, then xy2 y/x*=

+
10. (D) 140
(C) 142
(B) 144
(A) 146

11. Ifx+ 1/x= a and x - 1/x= b, then ad- b' = None of these
C) 2 (D)
(B)3
(A) 4
that the difference is a mutiple ofx - 3?
17 so
12. What should be subtracted fromx-7x+17x+ (D) 43
(C) 7
(B) 32
(A)5

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A
13. If y--3,thenfind y*

(A) 119 (B) 117 (C) 123 (D) 125

14. Ifpq 15 and pq =54, then p-q can be
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 6

15 If y+ -2, then y50

y50
(A) -1 (B) 2 (C) 0 (D) 250
16. Subtract: () 6xy+ 8y2 9x from 5x- 7xy+ 9y2 G) 5y2 +7z2 -8zx from -102+ 10xz- 12y2

17. IfA 4z2- 7zx+8xy-7, B 5zx +7xy 82 +8,C -8yx + 2zx - 6z2- 15 find
-B-A+C i) A+B+C (i) A-B-C (iv) A+ B-C
18. How much is 4x+ 5x?y2+ 6y more than 5x-8x?y2-5y4 ?
19. How much is 2.3/4+ 7.2/?m2-5.4m less than 5.4-3.52m2+2.7m?
20. What should be taken away from 72+ 8yx-9y2 +25 to obtain 5y2-40 +2x2-20yx?

21. From the sum ofx gf and ubtrathesumofw and

21. ldentify the terms and factors in the expressions

()Im+3Pm2 y-7x (Gi) 2xy2-8yx (v) 4.5pq+7pq-2.3p

22. ldentify the literal coefficients ofthe terms in the following expressions
i) 4yx+ 7x+ 8y

(i) 4.3/2+2.5m1-7.5Pm ( 3p-p

23. ldentity the like terms in the following:

() 8xy. 42yn, 3xyz?, -9xy, 42yx, 2y, -6xy2?, 8.5yxa, 7xyz?

(b) 66mn, 2/mfn?, 7.5m2-8/mn, 5t?nm2, 8.2m?,-2.3émn, 7m n22, 5.6m.m3

Simpity: 0) 2- 2 . 5 y+ 14y-22y+ 72y

25. Add: () 822 7xy+ 23,-873+622-8xy (i) 8.4x2-7.7xy +1.5y2, 2.7y2+8.1xy-6.2x2

evel-3 (AchieversSection)e
1. Value of Xx xhxx'm
?
(x"xx xx'
(A) 1 B) m
(C)n (D)
2 Value of (x3+b)a-b x (xcybx (x*a c= ?
(A) 1
B) (C) b (D) c

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TU

then a2-b2
If
yA=a and x-=b,
X
3 these
None of
(B) 3 (C) 2 D)
4
(A)
161/16
The
value of24418 (256)32 is equal to
4 (B)2 (C) 4 (D) 8
(A) 1
v=abfc.26 and y = zy*..where ab.cd..z = 464, then find XY
(B) 8 (D) 27
(A) 6 )9
A}{b * A)
AJE¢ *r
of terms in the expansion of(a
+
=
(-a)X- D)X
-

0) 2), then the number

6. IEA
..
(z +A) is
(B) 27 (D) 54
(A) (C)56

2K** GlossargX
.Constant... **********°***'°****°****"***********************4***** .
Variable...
*******"*****°***************************** *sas******.

.Algebraic Expression. ****************s***********************

Terms. ********************"******************************

Monomial. s************************** **********°*************

Binomial.
Trinomial. **°*°*****°"*****************************************"

Multinomial.. ********''°*' ***°"**********************"***********

Facto. *****. ******** *******************e*tde**s******stssts***.

Coefficient ..
*****'"***'***"'***°*********"***************

Like and unlike terms. **********'****'°**°****''°*****************°

Polynomial of one variable.

Polynomial oftwo or more variable...

Degree. ***"****' * * * * ' * * * ° ' * * ° ° ° * * * ***** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ° * * *

Horizontal method *******"**** **'*°********* ************'** **..i

Column M e t h o**********'*"**"**°'***°"****'*******'""'"**'********
d..

Value of an expression. *****'**'" ************ ***** ******** ****

Laws of exponents....
**************''***"'****'******'***"********

Decimal number ofsystem.. *************'**''*'' ''*'* * *****

Reciprocal.
*'*"*'**°***'°*****""'***'************************************

Numerical coefficient..
*******"'********"******'*****'**********

Literal coefficient.. ***************''***'*******'****"'**'*'**''*

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