GRE

QUANTITATIVE
REVIEW
Lesson One – Arithmetic I
LESSON ONE TOPICS
Introduction to Question Types
Integers

Types of Integers

Properties of Even/Odd Numbers

Factors & Multiples

Divisibility
Dividend, Divisor, Quotient & Remainders
Opening Quiz 3
 Question Types 4

1 Quantitative Comparison questions: Select One Answer Choices

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2 Multiple-choice questions: Select One Answer Choices

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3 Multiple-choice questions: Select One or More Answer Choices

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4 Numeric Entry Questions

 Integers 8

1 Integers are positive and negative whole numbers including zero e.g … -3, -2, -
1, 0, 1,2,3…

Facts about integers:

1. When integers are added, subtracted, or multiplied, the result is always an
integer.
2. The product of two positive integers is a positive integer.
3. The product of two negative integers is a positive integer
4. The product of a positive integer and a negative integer is a negative
integer
 Types of Integers 9

2 Whole Numbers: Numbers from 0, 1, 2, 3…

Even Numbers: Integers that are divisible by 2 e.g …-4, -2, 0, 2, 4…

Odd Numbers: Integers not divisible by 2 e.g …-3, -1, 1, 3, 5…

Prime Numbers: Integers greater than 1 that have only two positive factors
(divisors): 1 and itself e.g 2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23, 29… 2 is the only even prime
number.

Composite Numbers: Integers greater than 1 that are not a prime number e.g
4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15,16,18.

Consecutive Numbers: Integers that follow one another e.g …-2, -1, 0, 1, 2…
 Properties of Even/Odd Integers 10

1. The sum or difference of two even integers is an even integer.

2. The sum or difference of two odd integers is an even integer.
3. The sum or difference of an even integer and an odd integer is an odd
integer.
4. The product of two even integers is an even integer.
5. The product of two odd integers is an odd integer.
6. The product of an even integer and an odd integer is an even integer.

NB: For any integer k, 2k will yield an even integer and 2k+1 will yield an odd
integer.
 Factors & Multiples 11

Factors(Divisors): The factors of a particular integer are the numbers that will
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divide evenly into the integer e.g The factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12.

Greatest Common Factor(GCF): The GCF of two non-zero integers p and q is the
greatest positive integer that is a divisor of both p and q e.g The GCF of 30 and
84
Positive factors (divisors) of 30: 1,2,3,5,6,10,15,30
Positive factors (divisors) of 84: 1,2,3,4,6,7,12,14,21,28,42,84

1,2,3, and 6 are common positive factors of 30 and 84. The greatest of these is
6.
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3 Multiples: The multiple of a number are numbers that are divisible by the
number e.g The multiple of 12 are 12, 24, 36, 48…

Least Common Multiple (LCM): The LCM of two non-zero integers p and q is the
least positive integer that is a multiple of both p and q. For example, LCM of 20
and 25 = 100.

Multiples of 20: 20,40,60,80,100,…

Multiples of 25: 25,50,75,100,…
So, common positive multiples of 20 and 25 are 100,200,300,400,… The least of
them = 100.

Facts about 1 and 0:

1. 1 is a factor of every integer. 1 is not a multiple of any integer.
2. 0 is a multiple of every integer. 0 is not a factor of any integer except 0.
 Divisibility Rules 13

5 Divisibility Rules

2: The last digit is even (0,2,4,6,8)

128 Yes
129 No

3: The sum of the digits is divisible by 3

381 (3+8+1=12, and 12÷3 = 4) Yes
217 (2+1+7=10, and 10÷3 = 3 1/3) No
This rule can be repeated when needed:
99996 (9+9+9+9+6 = 42, then 4+2=6) Yes

4: The last 2 digits are divisible by 4

1312 is (12÷4=3) Yes
7019 is not (19÷4=4 3/4) No
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6 A quick check (useful for small numbers) is to halve the number twice and the
result is still a whole number.
12/2 = 6, 6/2 = 3, 3 is a whole number. Yes
30/2 = 15, 15/2 = 7.5 which is not a whole number. No

5: The last digit is 0 or 5

175 Yes
809 No

6: Is even and passes both the 2 rule and 3 rule above

114 (it is even, and 1+1+4=6 and 6÷3 = 2) Yes
308 (it is even, but 3+0+8=11 and 11÷3 = 3 2/3) No
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6 7: Double the last digit and subtract it from the number made by the other
digits. The result must be divisible by 7. (We can apply this rule to that answer
again)
672 (Double 2 is 4, 67−4=63, and 63÷7=9) Yes
105 (Double 5 is 10, 10−10=0, and 0 is divisible by 7) Yes
905 (Double 5 is 10, 90−10=80, and 80÷7=11 3/7) No

8: The last three digits are divisible by 8

109816 (816÷8=102) Yes
216302 (302÷8=37 3/4) No
A quick check is to halve three times and the result is still a whole number:
816/2 = 408, 408/2 = 204, 204/2 = 102 Yes
302/2 = 151, 151/2 = 75.5 No
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6
9: The sum of the digits is divisible by 9
(Note: This rule can be repeated when needed)
1629 (1+6+2+9=18, and again, 1+8=9) Yes
2013 (2+0+1+3=6) No

10: The number ends in 0

220 Yes
221 No

11: Add and subtract digits in an alternating pattern (add digit, subtract next
digit, add next digit, etc). Then check if that answer is divisible by 11.
913 (+9−1+3 = 11) Yes
3729 (+3−7+2−9 = −11) Yes
987 (+9−8+7 = 8) No
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6 12: The number is divisible by both 3 and 4 (it passes both the 3 rule and 4 rule
above)

648
(By 3? 6+4+8=18 and 18÷3=6 Yes)
(By 4? 48÷4=12 Yes)
Both pass, so Yes

524
(By 3? 5+2+4=11, 11÷3= 3 2/3 No)
(Don't need to check by 4) No
 Prime Factorization 18

Prime Factorization: This is an expression of integers as a product of prime

9 numbers or prime factors.

Express the integers below as a product of prime factors:

12,54,36,125,600, and 900

12 = (2)(2)(3)=22 × 3 (It means 12 has two prime factors or divisors)

Key Fact:
1. The number of positive divisors of integer N, such that N prime
factorization can be represented as, N=𝑥 𝑎 × 𝑦 𝑏 × 𝑧 𝑐 ,is given by
(a+1)(b+1)(c+1), where x, y and z are different prime factors of N.

2. Each will raise to a power that is a multiple 2 if N is a square number and

a multiple of 3 if N is a cubic number.
 Remainders 19

Remainder is the integer which is left over in a division, when the divisor cannot evenly
divide the dividend
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Example: 120 divided by 18 = 6 remainder 12. 6 is the Quotient and 12 is the remainder.
This is so because the greatest multiple of 18 that is less than or equal to 120 is (6)(18) or
108, which is 12 less than 108.

Note that remainders are always less than the number that you are dividing by. For
example, the remainder when 13 is divided by 7 is 6. What happens if you divide 14, the
next integer, by 7? The remainder is 0.

Dividend = Divisor * Quotient + Remainder

Ex: A number when divided by 5 gives 3 as remainder, the possible numbers are?
Let the number be n
using Dividend = Divisor * Quotient + Remainder
n = 5q + 3 [where q is the quotient and is an integer]
The possible values of n are 3, 8, 13, 18, 23…
 Closing Quiz 20

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