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372 Lab1 Manual

The document outlines the first laboratory session for CE 372 Hydromechanics, focusing on measuring head losses in parallel pipes. It details the experimental setup, theoretical considerations for calculating frictional and minor losses, and the specific tasks students must complete, including calculations and comparisons of measured values. Reports are to be submitted by March 30, 2025, following a specified format.

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Emre Köçkar
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21 views2 pages

372 Lab1 Manual

The document outlines the first laboratory session for CE 372 Hydromechanics, focusing on measuring head losses in parallel pipes. It details the experimental setup, theoretical considerations for calculating frictional and minor losses, and the specific tasks students must complete, including calculations and comparisons of measured values. Reports are to be submitted by March 30, 2025, following a specified format.

Uploaded by

Emre Köçkar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CE 372 HYDROMECHANICS (2025 SPRING)

LABORATORY SESSION 1
EXPERIMENT 1 - HEAD LOSSES IN PIPES – PARALLEL PIPES
Submission: Reports will be submitted to ODTUClass web page until 30/03/2025 up to 23:59

Introduction
The energy loss through pipes can be measured in the laboratory. In this experiment, the friction losses
throughout the pipe and minor losses occurring at expansion and contraction of pipe diameters are
investigated over different types of pipes. Also, the energy loss throughout the parallel pipes and the
discharge in each branching pipe are investigated.

Description of Apparatus
Figure 1 below, shows schematic representation of the experimental setup.

Water is supplied to the system from a large tank and is discharged out from the pipe that has the
flowmeter attached to it. Each pipe has two valves, which are located at the beginning and at the end,
enabling the line to be activated. Piezometer tappings are attached at the walls of the pipes and they are
connected to manometers. The manometer readings directly provide the hydraulic grade line
elevations.

ε D
Pipe No. Material
(mm) (m)

A Plexiglass 0.0015 0.02


B Steel 0.0450 0.028
C Steel 0.0450 0.052
D Plexiglass 0.0015 0.024/0.05
E Steel 0.0450 0.052
F Steel 0.0450 0.028
Theoretical Considerations

An appropriate method of calculating the frictional losses, hf, in closed conduits is using the Darcy-
Weisbach equation, which is,
L V 2 8 fLQ 2
hf = f 
D 2 g g 2D 5

where, hf is the frictional loss along the conduit in meters, V is the average velocity in m/s and f is the
Darcy’s friction factor, g is the gravitational acceleration in m/s2, L and D are the length and the
diameter of the conduit respectively and both are in meters.
Also, a convenient method of expressing the minor losses, hm is,
2
V
hm = K m i
2g
where, hm is the minor loss across a pipe fitting in meters, Vi is the higher velocity at the appropriate
pipe in m/s and Km is the dimensionless minor loss coefficient that is usually determined from
experiments.

Experimental Procedure

Run the flow in the system and record the manometer levels for the related experiments individually.
Each line should be used separately which is achieved by opening the valves of the corresponding line
and closing the valves of the other lines. In addition to that, the discharge values of each line should be
read from the flowmeter.

Tasks to be done:

1) Calculate the frictional loss, hf, in Pipe A and compare it with the measured value. (Type I)
2) Calculate the discharge, QB, in Pipe B and compare it with the measured value. (Type II)
3) Calculate the diameter, DB using actual discharge of Pipe B and compare it with the actual
value. (Type III)
4) Calculate Km values for expansion and contraction in Pipe D. (Minor Loss)
5) Calculate the discharges in both of the Pipes E and F, QE, QF using QT. (Parallel Pipes)
6) Using the discharges calculated in part 5, calculate the head loss between the upstream and
downstream for the parallel pipes and compare it with the measured values.

Note that Km values for two bends at Pipe F are taken from the Lecture Notes as Km = 0.35.

Q hu/s hd/s Q h1 h2 h3 h4
Pipe Pipe
(lt/s) (cm) (cm) (lt/s) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm)

A D
B
E-F
Note:
 Show all of your calculations step by step in your report.
 Plot a table showing your calculated results and measured/actual values recorded.
 Write appropriate discussions for each task.
 Please write your reports according to the Laboratory Report Format which can be
downloaded to ODTUClass.

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