AppliedEnergy48 (1994) I lg

~: 1994 Elsevier Science Limited

Printed in Great Britain. All rights reserved
0306-2619/94/$7.00
ELSEVIER

Psychrometric Properties of Humid Air:

Calculation Procedures

Y. O. Devres
T U B I T A K M a r m a r a Research Centre,
F o o d a n d R e f r i g e r a t i o n Technology D e p a r t m e n t ,
P.O.Box 21, 41470 Gebze-Kocaeli,Turkey

A BSTRA CT

Knowledge of the psychrometric properties is essential during the designing

of air conditioning, cold storage, and drying processes where humid air is
a working fluid. In this study detailed procedures Jor calculating psychro-
metric properties are given. Seven main properties of the psvchrometrics,
namely dry-bulb, wet-bulb and dew-point temperatures, atmo~sphericpressure,
humidity ratio, relative humidity and enthalpy can be calculated using the
given procedures. According to the Gibbs Phase Rule, in the humid air case,
any three intensive properties will be sufficient to evaluate the remaining
properties. Therefore the combination of three out of seven properties
gives a total of 35 different sets. Computer soJhvare has been developed
and utilised to obtain the psychrometric properties q/" humid air. It was
Jound that given three input parameters, the remaining four parameters
could, except in three cases, can be calculated with neglLgible error.

NOTATION

h Enthalpy of humid air (kJ/kg)

hs* Enthalpy of humid air at saturation at the thermodynamic wet-bulb
temperature (kJ/kg)
hw* Specific enthalpy of condensed water at the thermodynamic wet-
bulb temperature and a pressure of 101 325 Pa (kJ/kg)
Pw Partial pressure of water vapour in humid air (Pa)
Pws Pressure of saturated pure water (Pa)
P Total pressure of humid air (Pa)
Ra Gas constant for dry air (J/kg K)
T Dry-bulb temperature (°C)
1
2 Y . o . Devres

7* Wet-bulb temperature (°C)

TD Dew-point temperature (°C)
v Specific volume of humid air (m3/kg)
W Humidity ratio of humid air (kg/kg)
WS Humidity ratio of humid air at saturation (kg/kg)
Ws* Humidity ratio of humid air at saturation at thermodynamic wet-
bulb temperature (kg/kg)
o~ Parameter defined in Table 2
/3 Parameter defined in Table 3
p. Degree of saturation
~b Relative humidity

INTRODUCTION

In the study of the processes of air conditioning, cold storage and drying,
a knowledge of the psychrometric properties of the working fluid, that is
humid air, is essential. In general, the psychrometric properties of a
medium can be predicted either analytically by recourse to the laws for
gases or by consulting specially prepared charts and tables. Using these
charts, if the atmospheric pressure or altitude is known, it is easy to find
the psychrometric properties using two other known properties. However,
during the designing, for instance, of a cold store, in most cases its
altitude is different from sea level. And yet, most of the charts available
in the references are based on sea level properties. Therefore, finding
psychrometric properties from zero-altitude charts can create errors.
Although the best method for finding these properties is to calculate
them analytically using the perfect gas relationships, in many situations,
it is often neither convenient nor practical. A realistic solution for these
problems is to employ a computer for the numerical solution of the
relevant equations: the psychrometric properties being defined in the
software.
There are seven main different properties in the psychrometric charts,
namely dry-bulb, wet-bulb and dew-point temperatures, atmospheric
pressure, humidity ratio, relative humidity and enthalpy. ~ According to
the Gibbs Phase Rule, there are four degrees of freedom for a system
consisting of humid air, assuming it to be a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen,
and water vapour. For all practical purposes the ratio of the masses of
oxygen and nitrogen in air is constant, hence the degrees of freedom are
reduced to three. Thus any three intensive properties will be sufficient to
evaluate the remaining properties. 2 Therefore the combination of three
out of seven properties gives a total of 35 different sets. These are shown
 TABLE 1
C o m b i n a t i o n Sets o f Seven Psychrometric Properties, Each Set Comprising Three Properties

1 T T* TD 2 T TD P 3 T P W 4 T W ¢ 15IT + hi
6 T T* P 7 T TD W 8 T P ¢ 9 T W h

10 T T* W 11 T TD ¢ 12 T P h

13 T T* ¢ 14 T TD h

15 T T* h '5

16 T* TD P 17 T* P W 18 T* W 1'9IT" + hi
20 T* TD W 21 T* P ¢ 22 T* W

23 T* TD 24 T* P h

25 T* TD h

26 TD P W 27 TD W ¢ 28 TD ¢ h ]

29 TD P ¢ 30 TD W h T Dry-bulb temperature

31 TD P h T* Wet-bulb temperature
TD Dew-point temperature

32 P W ¢ 33 P + hi P Pressure

34 P W h W Humidity ratio
¢ Relative humidity

1351w + hi h Enthalpy
4 Y . o . Devres

in Table 1. In this study, each set is used separately in an attempt to find

solutions for the remaining unknown variables. In some cases analytical
solutions were not found and numerical methods had to be employed.

METHOD

Psychrometric equations

For the determination of psychrometric properties, a knowledge of the

water-vapour saturation-pressure is essential. The equations for calculating
saturation pressures for the temperature ranges - 1 0 0 ° C to 200°C are
given in Table 2. The solutions for the saturations vapour-pressure as a
function of temperatures were found with R E G A N , 3 using polynomial
REGression ANalysis on data obtained from ASHRAE. 4 In some cases
however, the saturation pressure was known allowing the temperature to
be calculated from the data. In such cases, temperatures calculated using
saturation pressures where derived from regression analysis are shown in
Table 3.
The definition of psychrometric properties can be given very easily
where perfect gas relations are employed. ~ As a result, only equations (in
total 28 equations) are given in Table 4. In every equation, in order to
obtain the property given in the second column, the known properties
given in the third column must be replaced in the equation given in the
fourth column. The units of each property are shown in the last column.

Recommended procedures for the calculation of psychrometric properties

Calculation procedures are shown in Table 5. With the following steps,

it is easy to calculate the unknown properties. In some cases, however,
numerical analyses must be employed for solution.

R E S U L T S A N D DISCUSSION

In the computer program, 32 out of the 35 combinations have been

solved successfully. In combinations 9, 11 and 26 (see Table 5), the equa-
tions could not be solved. In each of these cases, two of the equations
differed only by a numerical factor, effectively reducing the number of
free parameters and not permitting non trivial solutions.
A computer program was developed in F O R T R A N for calculating the
psychrometric properties. Nine subroutines were written for numerical
solution. For 32 cases, all the properties were calculated with only small
 TABLE 2
C a l c u l a t i o n o f W a t e r - V a p o u r S a t u r a t i o n P r e s s u r e w h i c h is D e p e n d e n t o n t he T e m p e r a t u r e w i t h i n V a r i o u s T e m p e r a t u r e R a n g e s
a=A. T2+B.T+C+D.T 1 TinK
Pw~ = 1000 . e x p ( a ) , Pw~ in P a

Temperature ( K )

213.15 < T < 273-15 273.15 _< T < 322-15 322.15 < T < 373.15 373.15 <_ T < 423-15 423.15 < T < 473-15

A -0.7297593707 . 10 5 +0.1255001965 . 10 4 +0-1246732157 . 10 4 +0-1204507646 . 10 4 +0.1069730183. 10 -4

B +0-5397420727 . 10 2 -0.1923595289 . 10 -l -0.191 5465806 . l0 I -0.1866650553 . l0 1 -0-1698965754. 10 1
C +0.2069880620. l 0 +2 +0-270510 1899. 10 +2 + 0 . 2 7 0 2 3 8 8 3 1 5 . 10 +2 + 0.268 362 940 3 . l 0 +2 + 0 . 2 6 1 4 0 7 3 2 9 8 . 10 +2
D -0.6042275128. 10 +4 0 . 6 3 4 4 0 1 1 5 7 7 . 10 +4 0 . 6 3 4 0 9 4 1 6 3 9 . 10 +4 - 0 . 6 3 1 6 9 7 2 0 6 3 . 10 +4 - 0 . 6 2 2 0 7 8 1 2 3 0 . 10 +4

e~

TABLE 3
C a l c u l a t i o n o f T e m p e r a t u r e w h i c h is D e p e n d e n t on W a t e r V a p o u r S a t u r a t i o n P r e s s u r e w i t h i n V a r i o u s T e m p e r a t u r e R a n g e s
T- E .134 + F . ~3 + G . ~2 + H . fi + K, T in K
13 - In ( p , J , p,~ in P a
-W
Pres,~ure ( P a /

1 _<p<611 61t _<p < 12 350 12 3 5 0 _ < p < 101420 101420_<p<476207 476 207 <-p < 1 555 0 9 9

E +0-1004926534 10 2 +0.5031062503. 10 2 + 0 . 1 2 0 9 5 1 2 5 1 7 . 10 4 +0.2467291016. 10 I +0.2748402484. 10 4

F + 0.1 39291 763 3 10 2 0.8826779380. 10 1 -0.3545542105. 10 +° -0.936711 2883. 10 +° 0.1068661307. 10 ~1
G ~ 0.2815151574 10 +~ ~0.1243688446. 10 *l +0.5020858479. 10 *l +0-1514142334. 10 *2 +0.1742964962. 10 *2
H +0-7311621119 10 +1 +0.3388534296. l(Y I -0-2050301050. 10 +2 0 . 9 8 8 2 4 1 7 5 0 1 . 10 +2 -0.1161208532. 10 ~
K +0.2125893734 10 -~ ~ 0.215 007 799 3 . 10 *~ +0-2718585432. 10 *~ + 0-499 509 294 8 . 10 ~ ~ 0 . 5 4 7 2 6 1 8 1 2 0 . 10 +~
 TABLE 4
Calculation of Psychrometric Properties

Eq. No. To obtain Known(s) Equation Remarks

1 Pws T a= A . T2 + B . T + C + D . •l Pws = 1 0 0 0 . e x p ( a )
T in K, Pws in Pa
for c o n s t a n t s see T a b l e 2
2 T Pw~ T=E. /34+F. /33+ G . /32 + H . / 3 + K /3=ln(Pw~)
T in K, Pws in Pa
for c o n s t a n t s see T a b l e 3
3 Pw To a=A. Tt~+ B . T o + C + D . To I Pw = 1 0 0 0 . e x p ( a )
T O in K, Pw in Pa
for c o n s t a n t s see T a b l e 2
4 TO Pw TD=E./34+F./33+G./32+H./3+K /3 = In (pw)
TD i n K , p w i n P a e~

for c o n s t a n t s see T a b l e 3
5 p*s T* o t = A . T . 2 + B . T* + C + D . T* i P*s = 1 0 0 0 . e x p ( a )
T* in K, P*s in Pa
for c o n s t a n t s see T a b l e 2
6 h T, W h = T+ W . (2501 + 1-805. T) T i n °C, h i n kJ/kg
h - 2501. W
7 T h,W T- T in °C, h in kJ/kg
1 + 1-805. W

h-T
8 W h, T W = T in °C, h in kJ/kg
2501 + 1-805. T

9 W P, Pw W = 0.621 98 - Pw P a n d Pw in Pa
P - Pw
10 P Pw, H/ P = 0.621 98 • ~ " + p,, P a n d p,~ in Pa
W

P.W Pandp~in Pa
11 p~ P, W Pw
W + 0.621 98

W, = 0-621 98 . P'~ P a n d Pw~ in Pa

12 W~ P, Pw~
P - Pw~

P = 0-621 98 • py~ + Pw~ P a n d p,~.~ in Pa

13 P Pw~, W~
w~

e P a n d p,,,~ in P a
14 Pw~ P, W~ p,,~ = 0.621 98 • ca
W~ + 0.621 98
7
p*~
147 = 0-621 98 • - - - - P a n d p{~ in Pa
15 ~7 P, P*~ p - p*

p * 14'* P 0.621 98 • p*~ t p*~ P a n d p*~ in Pa

16 P,,vs ~ .
w*

P. W*
17 p~ P, W~ p*~- P a n d p*~ in Pa
W * + 0.621 98

/ 7 " : T* + (2501 + 1 . 8 0 5 . T * ) . W*
w,*= h * - h + W h * = 4 . 1 8 6 . T*
18 W* h, W, T*
h* h, h* h * in k J / k g , T* in °C
 T A B L E 4---contd

Eq. No. To obtain Known(s) Equation Remarks

h * = T * + (2 501 + 1 . 8 0 5 . T * ) . IV*
19 W W.*,h, T* W- h-h*+ W*
hw* -- 4 . 1 8 6 . T*
h*
h, h*s, hw* in k J / k g , T * in ° C

W= (2501 - 2.381 . T * ) . W * - ( T - T*)

20 W Ws*, T, T* T a n d T * in ° C
2 5 0 1 + 1.805 . T - 4.186. T*

21 T* W~, W, T T * = 2 5 0 1 . (Ws* - W ) - T . (1 + 1 - 8 0 5 . W )
T a n d T * in ° C
2.381. W* -4.186. W- 1

22 W* W, T, T* Ws, _- (2501 + 1.805 . T - 2-381 . T * ) . W+ (T - T*)

T a n d T * in ° C
2 5 0 1 - 2.381 . T *
e~

23 T W, T*, W~* T= (2501 - 2.381 . T * ) . W * - (2501 - 4-186 . T * ) . W + T*

Tand T*in°C
1 + 1.805. W

24 th Pw, Pw~ ~b = PJPws Pw a n d Pws in P a

25 pw 4,, pw~ P~ = 4). Pws Pw a n d Pw~ in P a

26 Pws 4~, Pw Pws = Pw/q~ Pw a n d Pws in P a

27 /.z IV, W s

Ra . T R a -- 287-055 J / k g . K
28 v T,P, W Y z _ _
- (1 + 1 - 6 0 7 8 . W) v in m3/kg, T in K , P in P a
P
 Psychrometric properties 0["humid air 9

TABLE 5
Recommended Procedures for the Calculation of Psychrometric Properties

Proc. Known Step To Use Remarks

no. properties no. obtain eqn(s)

1 T, T*, TD 1 Pws 1
2 p*s 5
3 Pw 3
4 P 9, 15, 18 Replace eqns (9) and (15) in eqn (18), then solve
the resulting equation using numerical analysis
5 W 9
6 Ws 12
7 w* 15
8 h 6
9 ~b 24

2 T, TD, P 1 Pws 1
2 Pw 3
3 W 9
4 WS 12
5 T* 15, 21 Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the
resulting equation using numerical analysis
6 P*s 5
7 Ws* 15
8 h 6
9 ~ 24

3 T,W,P 1 Pw~ 1
2 Pw 11
3 TD 4
4 Ws 12
5 T* 15, 21 Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the
resulting equation using numerical analysis
6 P*s 5
7 W* 15
8 h 6
9 4~ 24

4 T,W,d) 1 Pws 1
2 Pw 25
3 P 10
4 TD 4
5 Ws 12
6 T* 15, 21 Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the
resulting equation using numerical analysis
7 P*s 5
8 ~ 15
9 h 6
I C~mtinued)
10 E O. Devres

TABLE 5--contd

Proc. Known Step To Use Remarks

no. properties no. obtain eqn(s)

5 T,(o,h 1 Pw~ 1
2 Pw 25
3 W 8
4 P I0
5 TD 4
6 Ws 12
7 T* 15, 21 Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the
resulting equation using numerical analysis
8 P*s 5
9 W* 15

6 T,T*,P 1 Pws 1
2 P*s 5
3 W* 15
4 W 20
5 W~ 12
6 Pw 11
7 TD 4
8 h 6
9 ~b 24

7 T, TD, W 1 Pw~ 1
2 Pw 3
3 P 10
4 W, 12
5 T* 15, 21 Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the
resulting equation using numerical analysis
6 p*~ 5
7 W* 15
8 h 6
9 cb 24

8 T,c~,P 1 Pws 1
2 Pw 25
3 W 9
4 W~ 12
5 To 4
6 T* 15, 21 Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the
resulting equation using numerical analysis
7 Pw*~ 5
8 W* 15
9 h 6
 Psychrometric properties o f humid air 11

TABLE 5---contd.

Proc. Known Step To Use Remarks

no. properties no. obtain eqn ( s )

9 T, IV, h UNRESOLVABLE
10 T, T*, W 1 p,,, 1
2 p*~ 5
3 w* 22
4 P 16
5 w~ 12
6 p,, 11
7 TD 4
8 h 6
9 4' 24
11 T, TD, 05 UNRESOLVABLE
12 T, h, P 1 p,,~ 1
2 W 8
3 p,,. 11
4 TD 4
5 w~ 12
6 T* 15, 21 Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the
resulting equation using numerical analysis
7 p*.~ 5
8 W*s 15
9 4' 24
13 T, T*,05 1 p,,,~ 1
2 p,, 25
3 TD 4
4 p*~ 5
5 P 9, 20 Replace eqn (9) in eqn (20), then solve the
resulting quadratic equation
6 W 9
7 w~ 12
8 w~ 15
9 h 6

14 T, tl, T D 1 Pws 1
2 W 8
3 Pw 3
4 P 10
5 w, 12
6 T* 15, 21 Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the
resulting equation using numerical analysis
7 p*~ 5
8 w~* 15
9 4' 24

{'iOllftllli,d,
12 Y.O. Devres

TABLE ~-contd.

Proc. Known Step To Use Remarks

no. properties no. obtain eqn(s)

15 T, T*, h 1 Pws 1
2 W 8
3 P*s 5
4 W* 22
5 P 16
6 p~ 11
7 TD 4
8 Ws 12
9 ~ 24

16 T*, TD, P 1 Pw 3
2 p*~ 5
3 W* 15
4 W 9
5 T 23
6 P,,,s 1
7 Ws 12
8 h 6
9 ~b 24

17 T*, P, W 1 Pw 11
2 TD 4
3 p*s 5
4 W* 15
5 T 23
6 Pw~ 1
7 Ws 12
8 h 6
9 ~b 24

18 T*, W, 1 p*~ 5
2 7" 1, 10, 20, Replace eqn (25) in eqn (10), then solve the
25 resulting equation with eqns (1) and (25) using
numerical analysis
3 Pws 1
4 P 10, 25
5 ws 12
6 w* 15
7 Pw 11
8 TD 4
9 h 6
 Psychrometric properties of humid air 13

TABLE 5---contd.

Proc. Known Step To Use Remarks

no. properties no. obtain eqn(s)

19 T*, ~b, h 1 P*s 5

2 T 8, 9, 15, Replace eqns (9) and (25) in eqn (8) and solve
18, 25 for P(T), then substitute P(T) in eqn (18) with
eqn (15) and solve the resulting equation using
numerical analysis
3 P Use P(T) found in step 2
4 Pw~ 1
5 w, 12
6 Pw 25
7 TD 4
8 W 9
9 W* 15

20 T*, TD, W 1 Pw 3
2 P 10
3 p*~ 5
4 W* 15
5 T 23
6 Pws 1
7 W~ 12
8 h 6
9 4~ 24

21 T*, 4', P 1 p*~ 5

2 w* 15
3 T 9, 20, 25 Replace eqns (9) and (25) in eqn (20) and solve
the resulting equation using numerical analysis
4 Pw~ 1
5 W~ 12
6 W 9
7 Pw 25
8 TD 4
9 h 6

22 T*, W, h 1 P*s 5
2 T 7
3 Pws 1
4 W* 22
5 P 16
6 Pw 11
7 TD 4
8 w, 12
9 ¢b 24

;()mlmued)
14 Y.O. Devres

TABLE 5 contd.

Proc. Known Step To Use Remarks

no. properties no. obtain eqn(s)

23 T*, T D,4~ 1 Pw 3
2 p*s 5
3 Pws 26
4 T 2
5 P 9, 15, 20 Replace eqns (9) and (15) in eqn (20) and solve
the resulting quadratic equation
6 W 9
7 W* 15
8 W~ 12
9 h 6

24 T*, P, h 1 p*~ 5
2 w* 15
3 W 19
4 Pw 11
5 TD 4
6 T 7
7 Pw~ 1
8 W~ 12
9 ~ 24

25 T*, TD, h 1 P*s 5

2 Pw 3
3 P 9, 15, 18 Replace eqns (9) and (15) in eqn (18) and solve
the resulting quadratic equation
4 W 9
5 T 7
6 Pws 1
7 W~ 12
8 W* 15
9 4~ 24

26 TD, P, W UNRESOLVABLE

27 TD, W , ~ 1 Pw 3
2 Pw~ 26
3 T 2
4 P l0
5 W~ 12
6 T* 15, 21 Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the
resulting equation using numerical analysis
7 P*s 5
8 w* t5
9 h 6
 Psychrometric properties q f humid air 15

TABLE ~ c o n t d

Proc. Known Step To Use Remarks

no. properties no. obtain eqn(s)

28 T D, oh, h 1 Pw 3
2 Pws 26
3 T
4 W 8
5 P 10
6 W~ 12
7 T* 15, 21 Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the
resulting equation using numerical analysis
8 p*~ 5
9 W* 15

29 TD, P, c~ 1 Pw 3
2 Pw~ 26
3 T 2
4 W 9
5 w~ 12
6 T* 15, 21 Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the
resulting equation using numerical analysis
7 P*s 5
8 w* 15
9 h 6

30 T D, W, h 1 Pw 3
2 P 10
3 T 7
4 Pws 1
5 W~ 12
6 T* 15, 21 Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the
resulting equation using numerical analysis
7 P*s 5
8 W* 15
9 4~ 24

31 TD, P , h 1 Pw 3
2 W 9
3 T 7
4 Pw~ 1
5 w~ 12
6 T* 15, 21 Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the
resulting equation using numerical analysis
7 P*s 5
8 w* 15
9 ~h 24
r ~oHlitillcd!
16 Y.O. Devres

TABLE 5~contd.

Proc. Known Step To Use Remarks

no. properties no. obtain eqn(s)

32 P, W, ~h 1 Pw 11
2 TD 4
3 Pws 26
4 T 2
5 Ws 12
6 T* 15, 21 Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the
resulting equation using numerical analysis
7 P*s 5
8 W* 15
9 h 6

33 P, ~, h 1 T 6, 9, 25 Replace eqns (9) and (25) in eqn (6) and solve

the resulting equation using numerical analysis
2 Pws 1
3 W~ 12
4 Pw 25
5 TD 4
6 W 9
7 T* 15, 21 Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the
resulting equation using numerical analysis
8 P*s 5
9 W* 15

34 P, W , h 1 T 7
2 Pws 1
3 Pw 11
4 TD 4
5 Ws 12
6 T* 15, 21 Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the
resulting equation using numerical analysis
7 P*s 5
8 w* 15
9 q~ 24

35 w, 4~,h 1 T 7
2 Pws 1
3 Pw 25
4 TD 4
5 P 10
6 Ws 12
7 T* 15, 21 Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the
resulting equation using numerical analysis
8 p*~ 5
9 W* 15
 TABLE 6
Results of Properties for Different Combination Sets

Property Calculations

Combination Combination Combination Combination Combination

set no. 6 set no. 12 set no. 19 set no. 27 set no. 33

T (°C) 20-000* 20.000* 19-999 20.000 20.000

T* (°C) 15.000" 15.000 15.000" 15.000 15-000
TD (°C) 11.755 11.755 11.755 11.755" 11.755
P (Pa) 101 325"000* 101 325"000* 101 323"823 101 324-057 101 325"000*
W (g/kg) 8-589 8"589 8"589 8"589* 8"589 ~"
4~ (%) 59"008 59"009 59"008* 59"008* 59"008* "4
h (kJ/kg) 41 "791 41 "791" 41 "791 * 41 "791 41-791 * ~
p,~ (Pa) 2 338.879 2 338-879 2 338.879 2 338.900 2 338-894
p*~ (Pa) 1 705.505 1 705.518 1 705.505 1 705.524 1 705.518 ,~.
p,~. (Pa) 1 380.122 1 380.142 1 380.126 1 380.138 I 380.135
W~ (g/kg) 14.696 14.696 14.697 14-697 14.696
W* (g/kg) 10.648 10.648 10.649 10.649 10.648

* Knowns.

-7,
18 Y.O. Devres

errors. In some cases, however, especially when P was not known, a

maximum + 0.5% error occurred. In the other cases, errors considerably
smaller than this were obtained.
The results of different combination sets are given in Table 6. In com-
bination set no. 6, the properties are calculated without any numerical
analysis procedures. In combination sets 12, 19, 27 and 33, however,
numerical analysis techniques were employed (see Table 5). In the columns of
Table 6, '*' following the data indicates the known psychrometric properties.
The calculated values are shown with three digits for comparison. However,
no significant differences between any combination sets were found.

CONCLUSION

When humid air is used as a working fluid, it is essential to use reliable

data for any necessary calculations. A good method to perform these
calculations is by the use of computer software embodying the properties
of perfect gases. In this study such software has been developed and
utilised to obtain the psychrometric properties of humid air. It was found
that given three input parameters, the remaining four parameters could,
except in three cases, be calculated with negligible error.

REFERENCES

1. ASHRAE, Fundamentals Handbook, Psychrometrics. American Society of

Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers, New York, 1981,
Chapter 5, pp.l-10.
2. Agrawal, K.K. & Rao, H.V., A computer model of psychrometric properties
of air. ASAE Transactions, 17 (1) (1974) 67-9.
3. Devres, Y.O., Curve-fitting (regression analyses) VAX package computer
programme using least-square methods. TI[IBITAK Marmara Research Centre,
Food and Refrigeration Technology Publications No.121, Gebze-Kocaeli,
40 p.
4. ASHRAE, Fundamentals Handbook, Psychrometric Tables. American Society
of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers, New York, 1981,
Chapter 6, pp.l-16.