PROBLEM SOLVING AND CREATIVE THINKING

Semester-II
Course Code: SEBEH40201
Module I: Thinking, Deciding and Communicating
Basic Elements of Thought

Problem solving:- is the process of finding a solution to a problem

by overcoming obstacles. It is a common part of many activities,
including personal tasks, business, and technical fields.
Problem-solving thinking:- is the ability to use knowledge, facts,
and data to identify and solve problems. It's a critical thinking skill
that involves evaluating alternatives, brainstorming solutions, and
implementing the best solution. Critical thinking is a habit where
you observe your own thought process and find ways to improve it.
you can improve how efficiently you think, how intuitively you
organize your thoughts and how often you recognize your biases.
Problem-solving communicating is the ability to exchange
information, ideas, and feedback in a clear, respectful, and
constructive way, especially when facing complex or
challenging issues.

“Basic Elements of Thought". It is comprised of eight

elements: Point of View, Purpose, Question at Issue,
Information, Interpretation and Inferences, Concepts,
Assumptions, and Implications. Each element represents
an important part of the thinking process.
Module II: Problem Solving Process
problem-solving process is a structured approach for identifying and solving
problems:

•Identify the problem: Define the problem and write down everything known about it.
•Determine the root cause: Identify the root cause of the problem and any potential causes.
•Generate solutions: Brainstorm possible solutions and narrow them down to the best few.
•Evaluate alternatives: Consider all angles, including the risks and benefits of each option.
•Decide on a solution: Choose the best solution and plan the next steps.
•Implement the solution: Put the solution into action and sustain the results.
Factors Interfering with Effective Problems Solving
Many factors can interfere with effective problem solving, including:

•Lack of clarity: Not defining the problem clearly and accurately can be a challenge.
•Mental set: The tendency to solve problems in the same way based on past experiences.
•Functional fixedness: A form of narrow thinking that makes it difficult to be flexible or change
perspective.
•Unnecessary constraints: When people are overwhelmed, they may create additional limits on
solutions.
•Irrelevant information: Unnecessary information can impede the search for solutions.
•Fear of failure: Fear of making mistakes can limit creativity and innovation.
•Limited perspective: A narrow point of view can make it difficult to consider diverse ideas or
alternate solutions.
•Cognitive biases: Cognitive biases can be a challenge.
•Information overload: Too much information can be a challenge.
Types of Problems:- Problems can be categorized in various ways depending on
different criteria. Here are some common types of problems:
1. Well-Defined Problems: These have clear solutions and specific steps to reach
them, such as mathematical equations.
2. Ill-Defined Problems: These lack clear solutions or steps, often requiring more
creative thinking and exploration, such as ethical dilemmas or complex social
issues.
3. 3. Routine Problems: Problems that occur frequently and have established
solutions, like scheduling conflicts or basic maintenance issues.
4. 4. Complex Problems: These involve multiple variables, stakeholders, and potential
solutions, such as climate change or economic crises.
5. 5. Technical Problems: Issues related to technology or engineering, often requiring
specialized knowledge to solve, like software bugs or design failures.
6. 6. Interpersonal Problems: Conflicts or issues between individuals or groups, often
requiring communication and negotiation skills, such as team disputes or
relationship issues.
7. 7. Resource Problems: Issues arising from limited resources, such as budgeting
constraints or shortages of materials
8. .8. Strategic Problems: These involve long-term planning and decision-making,
often seen in business or organizational contexts, such as market competition or
growth strategies.Understanding the type of problem at hand can help in applying
the appropriate problem-solving strategies.
A plan of action:- Is a detailed strategy outlining the steps needed to achieve a specific
goal or resolve a problem. Here’s a general framework for creating an effective plan of
action:
❖ Define the Objective: Clearly articulate what you want to achieve. Make sure the goal is
specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART).
❖ Identify the Resources: Determine what resources (time, money, personnel, information)
are available to you and what additional resources you may need.
❖ Assess the Situation: Analyze the current context and any barriers that may affect your
ability to reach your goal. Consider using SWOT analysis to identify strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
❖ Develop Strategies: Outline the strategies and methods you will use to achieve your
objective. Consider different approaches and select the most suitable ones.
❖ Break it Down into Steps: Divide the overall plan into smaller, manageable tasks or
milestones. Assign deadlines for each task to keep the project on track.
❖ Assign Responsibilities: If working in a team, designate roles and responsibilities for
each member. Ensure everyone understands their tasks and expectations.
❖ Set a Timeline: Create a timeline that outlines when each task should be completed,
keeping in mind any dependencies among tasks.
❖ Monitor Progress: Establish a method for tracking progress and ensuring that the plan
stays on course. Regular check-ins or updates can help maintain momentum.
❖ Evaluate and Adjust: Be prepared to assess the effectiveness of your plan as you
implement it. Make necessary adjustments based on feedback and changing
circumstances.
❖ Celebrate Success: Recognize and celebrate milestones and achievements along the
way. This helps to maintain motivation and morale.By following this framework, you
can create a comprehensive plan of action that guides you toward your goal
effectively.