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Sensors

The document discusses various types of sensors, including smoke sensors, image sensors, and motion detection sensors, highlighting their functions and applications in different industries. Smoke sensors detect smoke and gases, enhancing safety in environments like manufacturing and HVAC. Image sensors convert optical images into electronic signals for devices like cameras and security systems, while motion detection sensors are primarily used for security and automation, detecting physical movement in various applications.

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Sindhuja ECE
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3 views4 pages

Sensors

The document discusses various types of sensors, including smoke sensors, image sensors, and motion detection sensors, highlighting their functions and applications in different industries. Smoke sensors detect smoke and gases, enhancing safety in environments like manufacturing and HVAC. Image sensors convert optical images into electronic signals for devices like cameras and security systems, while motion detection sensors are primarily used for security and automation, detecting physical movement in various applications.

Uploaded by

Sindhuja ECE
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Smoke sensor

A smoke sensor is a device that senses smoke (airborne particulates


& gases), and it’s level.

They have been in use for a long period of time. However, with the
development of IoT, they are now even more effective, as they are
plugged into a system that immediately notifies the user about any
problem that occurs in different industries.

Smoke sensors are extensively used by manufacturing industry,


HVAC, buildings and accommodation infra to detect fire and gas
incidences. This serves to protect people working in dangerous
environments, as the whole system is much more effective in
comparison to the older ones.

Common Type of Smoke Sensors


Smoke sensors detect the presence of Smoke, Gases and Flame
surrounding their field. It can be detected either optically or by the
physical process or by the use of both the methods.

 Optical smoke sensor (Photoelectric): Optical smoke sensor used


the light scatter principle trigger to occupants.
 Ionization smoke sensor: Ionization smoke sensor works on the
principle of ionization, kind of chemistry to detect molecules causing
a trigger alarm.

Image sensors
Image sensors are instruments which are used to convert optical
images into electronic signals for displaying or storing files
electronically.
The major use of image sensor is found in digital camera & modules,
medical imaging and night vision equipment,thermal imaging devices,
radar, sonar, media house, Biometric & IRIS devices.

Two main types of sensors are used in:

 CCD (charge-coupled device), and


 CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) imagers.

Although each type of sensor uses different technology to capture


images, both CCD and CMOS imagers use metal-oxide
semiconductors, having the same degree of sensitivity to light, and no
inherent quality difference

An average consumer would think that this is a regular camera, but


even though this is not far from the truth, image sensors are
connected with a wide range of different devices, making their
functionality much better.

One of the best-known uses includes the car industry, in which


imagery plays a very important role. With these sensors, the system
can recognize signs, obstacles and many other things that a driver
would generally notice on the road. They play a very important role in
IoT industry, as they directly affect the progress of driverless cars.

They are also implemented in improved security systems, where


images help capture details about the perpetrator.

In the retail industry, these sensors serve to collect data about


customers, helping businesses get a better insight into who is actually
visiting their store, race, gender, age are only some of the useful
parameters that retail owners get by using these IoT sensors.
Motion detection sensors
A motion detector is an electronic device which is used to detect the
physical movement (motion) in a given area and it transforms motion
into an electric signal; motion of any object or motion of human beings

Motion detection plays an important role in the security industry.


Businesses utilize these sensors in areas where no movement should
be detected at all times, and it is easy to notice anybody’s presence
with these sensors installed.

These are primarily used for intrusion detection systems, automatics


door control, boom barrier, smart camera (i.e motion based
capture/video recording),toll plaza, automatic parking systems,
automated sinks/toilet flusher,hand dryers,energy management
systems(i.e. Automated Lighting, AC, Fan, Appliances Control) etc.

On the other hand, these sensors can also decipher different types of
movements, making them useful in some industries where a customer
can communicate with the system by waving a hand or by performing
a similar action. For example, someone can wave to a sensor in the
retail store to request assistance with making the right purchase
decision.

Even though their primary use is correlated with the security industry,
as the technology advances, the number of possible applications of
these sensors is only going to grow.

Following are key motion sensor types widely used:

 Passive Infrared (PIR): It Detects body heat (infrared energy) and


the most widely used motion sensor in home security systems.
 Ultrasonic: Sends out pulses of ultrasonic waves and measures the
reflection off a moving object by tracking the speed of sound waves.
 Microwave: Sends out radio wave pulses and measures the
reflection off a moving object. They cover a larger area than infrared
& ultrasonic sensors, but they are vulnerable to electrical
interference and more expensive.

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