10 SAT

100
 1. 1 Words in Context

例题1
The following text is from Rainer Maria Rilke's poem" Evening. "
Evening
Rainer Maria Rilke

The sky puts on the darkening blue coat

held for it by a row of ancient trees;
thou watch: and the lands grow distant in thou sight,
one journeying to heaven, one that falls;

and leave thou, not at home in either one,

not quite so still and dark as the darkened houses,
not calling to eternity with the passion
of what becomes a star each night, and rises;

and leave thou ( inexpressibly to unravel)

thou life, with its immensity and fear,

so that, now bounded, now immeasurable,

it is alternately stone in thy and star.

As used in the text, what does the word" bounded" most nearly mean?
B) phrased
B) circumscribed
C) forced
D) involved
例题2
As one of the remarkable buildings that beautify Central Jakarta's cityscape, the Istiqlal Mosque inspires
people with its enormity and contemporary design. With an view, the Istiqlal Mosque has
attracted large number of visitors every year.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) limited
B) popular
C) imposing
D) intricate

例题3
There are many art exhibitions in the Art Institute of Chicago, but browsing some other art works

in the street can _____ the visitor's experience.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) satisfy
B) supplement
C) provoke
D) impede

例题4
People engage in _____ thinking when making casual decisions: when subjects wereasked to look at
two colliding balls and judge whether one caused or prevented the other's movement through a gate,
their eyes looked at where the target ball would have gone if the ball that altered its pathdid not exist.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) ambivalent

B) counterfactual

C) analogical

D) associative
例题5
Although it seems ridiculous and useless to study old newspaper clippings and candy wrappers, these
old newspapers, advertising leaflets, posters, and candy wrappers are actually able to____
the shifts in people's behavior and values in the past and are therefore very valuable for this study.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) preclude
B) evince
C) mitigate
D) induce

例题6
Based on the appearance of some of Los Angeles roof tiles, it can be seen that Mexican touches are
_____. The architecture in other areas of Los Angeles also proves the influence of Mexican style on
Los Angeles architecture.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) palpable
B) corroborative
C) distinctive
D) convoluted

例题7
The following text is from E. Pauline Johnson's 2002 poem " Shadow River."

The little fern-leaf, bending

Upon the brink, its green reflection greets，

And kisses soft the shadow that it meets

With touch so fine,

The border line

The keenest vision can't define;
So perfect is the blending.

As used in the text, what does the word" define" most nearly mean?
A) explain
B) state
C) detect
D) reduce
例题8
Standing in Turkey, the statue of an ancient figure, despite its construction dating back from 6, 000 to
2,000 years ago, has retained an enduring allure for people. The statue is still for viewers,
precisely owing to its profound antiquity and the myriad vicissitudes it has borne witness to.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) ingenious
B) pristine
C) affecting
D) meticulous

例题9
After the war, America saw an outpouring of Mexican American literature, which became increasingly
popular. Post-war author Harris is probably the author who contributed the most to the Mexican
American literary movement. Thus, Harris's work has been attached with importance while the
works of Hanks, a Mexican American author before the war, have been largely forgotten.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) erratic
B) understated

C) overlooked
D) outsized

例 题 10
Despite encountering quite a few ____ toward his work in his early days, author Richard Wright
ultimately established himself within the realm of literature. For example, his influential work Native
Son found inclusion in middle school language textbooks and various anthologies of novels, thus
underscoring his eventual embrace by the literary community.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) precursors
B) detractors
C) imitators
D) protractors
例 题 11
In 1637, mathematician Pierre de Fermat first proposed a conjecture, known as Fermat’s Last
Theorem, that no three positive integers a, b, and c satisfy the equation a^n +b^n =c^n for any integer
value of n greater than 2. Mathematicians were by ___ it until Andrew Wiles, in 1994, provided a
verified proof for the theorem, making the mathematical community agree with this conjecture.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) indoctrinated
B) confounded
C) appeased
D) disregarded

例 题 12
In recent years, the technology startup industry in Lebanon has witnessed significant growth and
has become a magnet for investors. However, like any burgeoning industry, there are certain
loopholes and pitfalls that need to be addressed to ensure sustained growth and mitigate risks for
investors. To tackle these challenges, Lebanon has implemented a series of measures, which have
successfully the fears of investors.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) repudiated
B) assuaged
C) amplified
D) designated

例 题 13
The literary works of Alberto Wiggins and Ellen A. Garnier have traditionally been regarded as
distinct styles. In the future, however, scholars will the nuances between these two
writers, comparing them as writers of the same school of stylistic expression.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) discount
B) denounce
C) scrutinize
D) predicate
例 题 14
Mr: Mcfarland is a novel written by Gerald Parker in 1985.

In the crowded train compartment, our disgruntled teacher registered his discontent. His furrowed
eyebrows betrayed his frustration, as he animatedly gesticulated. Amidst the clattering of wheels on
tracks and murmurs of passengers, his energetic gestures and impassioned speech stood out. It was
clear that the teacher's dissatisfaction resonated with the exhausted commuters, who listened
intently, sharing his grievances.

As used in the text, what does the phrase " registered" most nearly mean?
A) displayed
B) enrolled
C) esteemed
D) depleted

例 题 15
Tom appeared on the sidewalk with a bucket of whitewash and a long-handled brush. He surveyed
the fence, and all gladness left him and a deep melancholy settled down upon his spirit. Thirty yards
of board fence nine feet high. Life to him seemed hollow, and existence but a burden.

As used in the text, what does the word" surveyed" most nearly mean?
A) looked at
B) organized
C) was charmed with
D) felt

例 题 16
Wikipedia users are often plagued by misinformation and deliberately unleashed disinformation.
What they have in common is that they are both ___ statements of fact, and the difference is that the
former is usually published unintentionally, while the latter is always released intentionally.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) deceitful
B) fraudulent
C) dramatized
D) spurious
例 题 17
The importance of a scientist should be by the frequency of his/her paper being quoted. For
example, Sulman enjoys high status in social science and his dissertations were quoted many times in a
variety of settings.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) tallied
B) predicted
C) measured
D) determined

例 题 18
New and interesting research conducted by Suleiman A. Al-Sweedan and Moath Alhai is inspired by
their observation that though there have been ____ studies of the effect of high altitude on blood
chemistry, there is a paucity of studies of the effect on blood chemistry of living in locations below
sea level, such as the California towns of Salton City and Seeley.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) copious
B) preliminary
C) equivocal
D) sporadic

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例 题 19
The following text is adapted from William Wordsworth's 1798 poem" Lines Written a Few Miles
above Tintern Abbey. "

Once again
Do I behold these steep and lofty cliffs,
Which on a wild secluded scene impress
Thoughts of more deep seclusion; and connect
The landscape with the quiet of the sky.

As used in the text. What does the word" deep" most nearly mean?
A) tough
B) hideous
C) complicated
D) intense

例 题 20

Amelia Earhart, a remarkable female pilot, etched her name in history as the first American woman to
successfully undertake a solitary flight across the Atlantic Ocean. Moreover, she was also an
accomplished author, crafting best-selling literary works chronicling her exploits in the realm of piloting.
Nonetheless, Amelia Earhart's place in the historical tapestry remains , overshadowed by
Blanche "Betty" Stuart Scott, who became the first female aviator in the United States in 1910, a
considerable eighteen years before Earhart. It is an undeniable truth that mankind tends to remember
only the first individual to accomplish such endeavors.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) uncertain
B) conspicuous
C) eccentric
D) implicit
例 题 21
The emphasis on accurately representing the experiences of average working people that is
characteristic of the realist style can be seen in The Gleaners, painted by Jean-Francofs Millet, which
depicts peasants picking stray wheat from a field after the harvest. This style can thus be seen as
an effort to what were regarded as the excesses of the romantic style evident in many
paintings by Horace Vernet, which instead exaggerated their subjects' beauty or heroism while hiding
all imperfection.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) understand
B) advance
C) counteract
D) accentuate

例 题 22
问 法 1:
Although fewer companies trade their stocks on the Cambodia Securities Exchange in Phnom Penh,
Cambodia, than on the stock exchanges in London, Mumbai, or Tokyo, the Cambodia Securities
Exchange has the advantage of being able to relatively small companies in Cambodia:
by connecting those companies to investors with expertise about the country's economic conditions,
the Cambodia Securities Exchange can help those companies thrive.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) designate
B) nurture
C) preclude
D) assess

问 法 2:

Although fewer companies trade their stocks on the Tehran Stock Exchange in Tehran, Iran, than on the
stock exchanges in London, Mumbai，or Tokyo，the Tehran Stock Exchange has the advantage of
focusing on local companies and thus reflecting economic circumstances that are Iran.
This sensitivity to unique，rapidly evolving local conditions benefits the companies and investors alike.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) irrelevant to
B) prohibitive in
C) distinctive to
D) unchanging in
例 题 23
Whether the reign of a French monarch such as Louis VII or Henry V was historically consequential or
relatively uneventful, its trajectory was shaped by questions of legitimacy and therefore cannot be
understood without a corollary understanding of the characteristics without which the monarch would
have been forced to the throne.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) reciprocate
B) annotate
C) abandon

D) equalize

例 题 24
问法1:

The Caves of Gargas paintings—stencils of human hands found in what is now France and dating
from around 27, 000 years ago—are thought of as art today, but the question of whether the people of
the time understood the paintings as something akin to art in your modern sense or in some other way
entirely is ：we will never be able to answer it.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) irresolvable
B) self-contradictory
C) imperative
D) unavoidable

问 法 2:

The Lascaux Cave paintings—detailed paintings of animals found in what is now France and dating
from around 17, 000 years ago—are sometimes said to be emotionally powerful despite their age, but
in fact the paintings are precisely because of their age. It is the link of shared humanity
with the artists across so many centuries that gives the Lascaux Cave paintings such resonance.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) ingenious

B) meticulous

C) pristine

D) affecting
例 题 25
The swordfish can swim very fast—up to 97 kilometers per hour( km/hr) —but it is significantly
slower than the frigatebird, which can fly at speeds up to 153 km/hr. The difference between these
speeds is largely of the fact that the features that make flight possible do less to
limit top
speeds than the features suitable for swimming through water.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) a consequence

B) an explanation

C) a repudiation

D) an objective

例 题 26
Domesticated thousands of years ago in Mesoamerica, the tomato deviates structurally from the
wild plant it is descended from. Pumpkin, another domesticated crop in Mesoamerica, doesn't
closely resemble any wild plant, and genetic research only recently ________ its ancestor to be an
ancient squash.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) encouraged
B) expanded
C) revealed
D) petitioned
例 题 27
问 法 1:
Painting of a cicada is an important work of Guohua, or classical Chinese Painting. Unlike Xu
Beihong, who adopted traditional European methods such as painting with oil on canvas, Qi
Baishi traditional Chinese approaches. For instance, Qi Baishi produced
Painting of a cicada by applying color pigments to a silk screen.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) distrusted
B) overlooked
C) released
D) embraced

问 法2 :
Hunting Expedition is an important work of Nihonga, or classical Japanese painting. Unlike
Wada Eisaku, who adopted traditional European methods such as painting with oil on canvas,
Dōmoto Inshō traditional Japanese approaches. For instance, Dōmoto
produced Hunting Expedition by applying color pigments to a silk screen.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) rejected
B) ignored
C) released
D) championed

例 题 28
问 法 1:

When considering which plays and musicals to produce, theaters in Paris often favor keeping audiences
happy over taking risks. So while they might be eager to produce an established classic like Les
Misérables, for example, most would be to stage a work from a relatively unknown
playwright.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) fortunate
B) hesitant
C) determined
D) surprised
问 法 2:

When considering which plays and musicals to produce, theaters in New York often favor keeping
audiences happy over taking risks. So while they might to produce an established
classic like Annie, for example, most would be hesitant to stage a work from a relatively unknown
playwright.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) strive
B) crave
C) endeavor
D) struggle

例 题 29
问 法 1:

Portable video game consoles and fitness trackers tend to contain batteries that can't be easily
. Environmental policy researcher Jessika Richter warns that because new batteries can't be put in
once the old ones no longer work, the gadgets stop functioning and are usually disposed of
as trash.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) replaced
B) prevented
C) rated
D) invented

问 法 2:
Portable video game consoles and fitness trackers tend to contain batteries that can't be easily
replaced. Environmental policy researcher Jessika Richter warns that because new batteries can't
be put in once the old ones no longer work, the gadgets stop and are usually disposed of
as trash.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) functioning
B) processing
C) inhabiting
D) inventing
 1. 2 Text Structure and Purpose

例题1
Morning in the Woods is a poem by Ashton Barrera written in 1976.

My friend and I, together in the woods,

No words uttered.
Silence was the dome of woven leaves,
From which slipped several chirpings
Of chickadee.
A glance exchanged,
Conversation seemed dispensable.

Amidst the tranquil milieu of the little woods,

My friend and I commun ed in wordlessness.
A tapestry of woven foliage enveloped us,
Yielding only sporadic glimpses of avian melodies
Chorused by the petite chickadee.
A fleeting exchange of glances
Rendered our discourse seemingly superfluous.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as whole?
A) It implies that the speaker and his friend don't trust each other.
B) It reflects a mood of melancholy in the speaker's mind.
C) It demonstrates that the harmony between birds and nature aligns with the tacit understanding
between the speaker and his friend.
D) It presents a contrasting feeling of the speaker toward the nature and his life.
例题2
Researchers administered a survey to some residents of Mexico City and Caracas, the capital of
Venezuela, wherein they were asked to fill out a survey. One of the survey items inquired about
the frequency of visits to local parks in their respective cities. In Mexico City, 89 percent of
respondents answered" Yes, often, " whereas 64 percent of Caracas residents surveyed responded "
No, not often. " The difference in responses may be attributed to the greater accessibility of parks
in Mexico City, thereby resulting in a higher proportion of respondents who frequent them. However,
this explanation might oversimplify matters, as other surveys conducted in the same poll revealed
that merely 10 percent of Mexico City residents reside within a 10-minute walking distance of a city
park. Nonetheless, a significant number of Caracas residents surveyed live in close proximity to such
amenities. Therefore, there must be other contributing factors that account fop the disparity observed:
the proportion of frequent park visitors in Mexico City reaching 89%, compared to a mere 64% in
Caracas.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?
A ) It describes the result of other surveys that supports the explanation presented in the previous

sentence.
B) It points out the loopholes in the first explanation and suggests other possibilities.
C) It refutes the first explanation entirely and propose a more plausible alternative.
D) It presents a contrasting scenario between the survey results for Mexico City and Caracas to
undermine the first explanation.

例题3
The state of Kansas issued a pronouncement designating a particular species of lizard as an invasive
species capable of compromising the well-being of indigenous species. Several scientists have
pointed out that climate change could make previously unsuitable habitats viable for certain species,
or render formerly viable habitats unsuitable.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?
A) It suggests that the lizard may have once inhabited Kansas but subsequently vanished due to
climate change.
B) It explains the reason why the lizard was designated as an invasive species.
C) It affirms that climate change is always beneficial for the lizard but harmful for indigenous
species.
D) It indicates that Kansas may have erred in designating the lizard as an invasive species, thereby
suggesting a reevaluation of the decision.
例题4
President Richard Nixon is most famous for his participation in the 1970s Watergate political scandal a
convoluted tale of criminality and eroded ethics involving a constellation of associates such as
security operative Jack Caulfield and Attorney General John Mitchell. But Nixon's legacy is complex:
he has been praised for his role in affirming the sovereignty of tribal nations, and he once made an
attempt at reforming United States health care policy that is arguably a precursor to
the Affordable Care Act, which became law during the Barack Obama administration.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the test as a whole?
A ) It presents an accomplishment of a historical figure whose significance is detailed later in the text.

B) It describes a common perception of a historical figure that is challenged by information presented

later in the text.

C) It states a claim about a historical figure that is supported by evidence later in the text.
D ) It compares the achievements of three historical figures to a fourth that is mentioned later in
the text.

例题5
问 法 1:
In what is now Washington state, the Tulalip Tribes operate the Hibulb Cultural Center. Relying on
traditional knowledge to guide the design of exhibits, this institution presents Tulalip history and culture to
the tribes' citizens. The Comanche Nation, a tribe in Oklahoma, employs a similar strategy in its own
cultural center. Both centers contrast with museums that aren't Indigenous-led; when displaying
Indigenous artifacts, such museums tend to anticipate mainly non-Indigenous
audiences and rely on Euro-centric strategies for designing exhibits.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?
A ) It suggests improvements to a particular tribal cultural center.
B) I t encourages tribal citizens to attend their local cultural center.
C) It explains how one tribal cultural center differs from other tribal cultural centers.
D ) It provides a basic description of a particular tribal cultural center.
问 法 2:

In what is now Oregon state, the Ronde Tribes operate the Chachalu Museum and Cultural Center.
Relying on traditional knowledge to guide the design of exhibits, this institution presents Ronde history
and culture to the tribes' citizens. The Shawnee, a tribe in Oklahoma, employs a similar strategy in its own
cultural center. Roth centers contrast with museums that aren't Indigenous-led; when displaying
Indigenous artifacts, such museums tend to anticipate mainly non-Indigenous audiences and rely on
Euro-centric strategies for designing exhibits.

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

A) It describes how tribal cultural centers designed exhibits of a particular set of artifacts, then
analyzes how non-Indigenous institutions designed exhibits of the same artifacts.
B) It examines how tribal citizens respond to exhibits at tribal cultural centers, then speculates
how non-Indigenous audiences would respond to the same exhibits.
C) It discusses two cultural centers operated by tribes, then compares them with non-Indigenous
institutions that present Indigenous exhibits.

D) It outlines an early strategy for exhibit design used by one tribal cultural center, then explains a
newer strategy used by a different tribal cultural center.

例题6
The Museum of Modern Art ( MOMA) in New York City has an exhibition of video games that
includes Pac-Man from 1980, which museum visitors can play on site, and SimCity 2000 from 1994,
which visitors can see only in a video presentation. MOMA claims the video presentations are only
for games that would be impractical to display in a playable form, but video games are an
inherently interactive medium, a feature that is grossly absent in a video-only presentation.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?
A) It identifies a feature of many video games that is not shared by some of the games included in
MOMA's exhibition.
B) It provides a claim about video games as art that both MOMA and the author accept as true.
C) It describes a misconception about video games that the author believe is evident in MOMA's
choice about which video games to exhibit.

D) It presents a consideration that the author thinks partly undermines MOMA's approach to
exhibiting video games.
例题7

Eden Robinson is a novelist and a member of the Haisla Nation in western Canada. Critics andfellow
writers have praised her work for combining traditional Haisla stories with popular genres of literature,
such as fantasy and mystery fiction. But Robinson is not the only Indigenous writer to blend traditional
stories with popular literature. In the 2019 novel Empire of Wild, Cherie Dimaline successfully blended
the oral storytelling tradition of her people, the Métis, with horror fiction.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

A) To discuss two writers who blend traditional Indigenous stories with popular genres
B ) To urge younger Indigenous authors to avoid writing in popular genres
C) To argue that traditional Indigenous stories are more memorable than most novels are
D) To explain why one Indigenous author has achieved more success than another has

例题8
The following text is from Sara Teasdale's 1922 poem " Two Songs for Solitude. "

Let them think I love them more than I do.

Let them think I care, though I go alone,
If it lifts their pride, what is it to me
Who am self-complete as a flower or a stone?

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

A) The speaker illustrates the importance of self-confidence and then explains how it helped her in
several cases.

B) The speaker is sad about the lack of understanding among people around her and then expresses a
desire to connect with them.

C) The speaker presents herself as fiercely independent and then recounts scenarios that demonstrate
that independence.

D) The speaker lists various impressiong people might have of her and then explains why they don't
matter to her.
例题9
Researchers have long hypothesized that smilodons were hunted to extinction in South America
by humans using spears with grooved tips known as Gainey points. One anthropologist set out to
test this hypothesis. Using a mechanical spear-thrower, he launched spears with Gainey points
into mounds of clay—substitutes for the animals' large bodies. The projectiles generally penetrated
only a few inches into the clay, an amount insufficient to have harmed most smilodons. This led
the anthropologist to conclude that hunters using spears with Gainey points likely weren't the
principal drivers of the extinction.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

A) To argue for the significance of new findings amid an ongoing debate among researchers
B) To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the method used in an experiment
C) To summarize two competing hypotheses and a major finding associated with each one
D) To describe an experiment whose results cast doubt on an established hypothesis

例 题 10
问 法 1:
When classical pianist Martha Argerich performs, it appears as if the music is coming to her
spontaneously. She's highly skilled technically, but because of how freely she plays and her
willingness to take risks, she seems relaxed and natural. Her apparent ease, however, is due to a
tremendous amount of preparation. Despite Argerich's experience and virtuosity, she never takes for
granted that she knows a piece of music. Instead, she approaches the music as if encountering
it for the first time and tries to understand it anew.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

A ) To provide details about how Argerich identifies which pieces of music she will perform

B) To assert that Argerich's performances look effortless because of how she prepares for them
C) To discuss the kinds of music Argerich feels most comfortable encountering for the first time
D ) To describe the unique way that Argerich approaches music she hasn't performed before
问 法 2:
When classical pianist Martha Argerich performs, it appears as if the music is coming to her
spontaneously. She's highly skilled technically, but because of how freely she plays and her
willingness to take risks, she seems relaxed and natural. Her apparent ease, however, is due to a
tremendous amount of preparation. Despite Argerich's experience and virtuosity, she never takes for
granted that she knows a piece of music. Instead, she approaches the music as if encountering
it for the first time and tries to understand it anew.

Which choice best states the purpose of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?
A ) To provide details about how Argerich identifies which pieces of music she will perform
B) To describe the way of how Argerich's prepares for her performances.
C) To discuss the kinds of music Argerich feels most comfortable encountering for the first time
D) To describe the unique way that Argerich approaches music she hasn't performed before
 1. 3 Cross-Text Connections

例题1
Text 1
Four Turkish cities are designated as Cities of Gastronomy by UNESCO for their major industry in
food production and animal husbandry, as well as production of signature Turkish dishes and dessert.
This act would bring to Turkey more visitors who are interested in local dishes and dishes and
experiences. According to a survey, more than 72 precent of people will visit a place if they can enjoy
exotic, delicious food there.

Text 2

While many cities of Turkey do enjoy an immediate boost in tourism due to their title of " Cities of
Gastronomy", it's important to consider the city management and its long-term effects on tourism. Some
sociologists suggest that Turkey hasn't been updating the city management to accommodate a soaring
number of visitors, make visitors complain about their experiences in Turkey. Thus, the city must carry
out policies focused on improving city management to achieve a long-term balance in tourism.

The author of both texts would most likely agree with which of the following assumption.
A) Being named as" Cities of Gastronomy" is beneficial to a city's tourism
B) The cities in Turkey does not deserve the title of " Cities of Gastronomy" compared with other
cities around the world.

C) It is detrimental for a city to be named as" Cities of Gastronomy" because such title would attract an
overwhelming number of visitors.

D) Turkey is known for its delicious food and efficient city management.
例题2
Text 1

Attempts to automate classification of music into genres have not been very successful, and we may be
at the limit of what is technologically possible. But it's not clear that this is a worthwhile pursuit in any
case—as Jin Ha Lee and Anh Thu Nguyen argue in their study of the South Korean band BTS,
relationships between pieces of music may be best understood with concepts other than genre.

Text 2

Tango is a genre of music originally from Argentina and Uruguay that shares some harmonic and
rhythmic similarities with the pagode genre. Automated genre classification systems typically struggle to
draw distinctions in situations like this, but Yandre Cossa and colleagues solved that problem by
converting sound to images and having computers compare features of those images,
an approach that demonstrates how much innovation is possible in this field.

Based on the texts, how would the author of Text 2 most likely respond to the claim in the

underlined sentence of Text 1?

A) By arguing that people tend to disagree when identifying genre classifications for music
B) By suggesting that the concept of genre may become more useful for music listeners
C) By criticizing previous research into automated music genre classification for favoring specific
genre categories
D) By asserting that it may be possible to improve automated classification systems
例题3
Text 1

As our planet experiences a big rise in temperature, an increasing number of glaciers begin to melt.
In consequence, the existence of polar bears is severely threatened and in desperate need of protection.
In contrast, the black bears' survival is little affected by climate change. To preserve the ecosystem,
we sometimes need to prioritize some animals over others.

Text 2

American animal protection agencies claim that due to limited resources, they can now only focus
on the protection of the animals which are on the verge of extinction and turn a blind eye to those
animals whose situations are not so urgent.

Based on the texts, both authors would most likely agree with which statement?
A) People should exploit more resources to save these engendered animals.
B) Polar bears are more vulnerable to climate change than black bears.
C) The government should pay close attention to animals that are close to extinction.
D) The protection of some animal species takes precedence over the others.
例题4
Text 1

The University of Ohio and the startup accelerator Z Combinator are two of the many institutions
offering training programs in entrepreneurship. But what results do such programs produce?In a study of
small business managers in India, researcher Chris Friedrich and colleagues addressed this question and
reported that participants who received entrepreneurial training showed high performance at their jobs.

Text 2

While studies of entrepreneurial training typically report positive results, a close look reveals
widespread methodological shortcomings that could explain those findings. These studies are plagued by
insufficient sample sizes, a lack of control groups, and failures to establish pretraining baselines for the
measured attributes of participants.

Based on the texts, the author of Text 2 would most likely want to know if Friedrich and
colleagues took steps to preclude which potential objection to the finding described in Text 1?

A) The participants would have been less likely to show high performance at their jobs if the study
sample size had been smaller.

B) The participants would have responded to the training differently if they had not known that they
were participating in a study.

C) The participants would have shown high performance at their jobs regardless of whether they
received the training.

D) The participants would have shown greater responsiveness to the training if the training sessions
had lasted longer.
例题5
Text 1

According to a study by a conservation group representing 11 tribal nations in the Great Lakes region,
the northern wild rice ( manoomin in the Ojibwe language) will have significantly worse outcomes
over the next 50 years if temperatures increase as much as some models suggest. By contrast, the black
bear ( makwa in Ojibwe) should be able to withstand the highest predicted warming without much
harm and so likely won't require the conservation efforts that the northern wild rice will.

Text 2
US government agencies involved in conservation are unfortunately not able to address every possible
threat to natural resources. They must use the best information available to decide which species are
most threatened and therefore most in need of conservation efforts.

Based on the texts, both authors would most likely agree with which statement?

A) Agencies involved in natural-resource management in the Great Lakes region should focus their
conservation efforts more on the northern wild rice than on the black bear.

B) A collaborative approach is necessary to keep temperatures in the Great Lakes region from increasing
to the highest predicted levels.

C) Conservation efforts focused on the northern wild rice are more likely to be successful if they
incorporate state and federal agency resources with the knowledge of tribal groups in those efforts.

D) State, federal, and tribal groups involved in natural-resource management in the Great Lakes region
should immediately begin conservation programs for both the northern wild rice and black bear.
例题6
Text 1
In 2017 Buenaventura, Colombia, was named a City of Gastronomy by UNESCO in recognition of the
city's unique food culture. The honor is well known among residents of the city as well as tourists
who visit. It's obvious that the selection of Buenaventura by UNESCO has brought awareness to local
recipes, cooking practices, and chefs and has provided a boost to the city's tourism industry.

Text 2

Many people in Buenaventura's restaurant industry hoped that food tourism would increase after the city
was chosen as a City of Gastronomy in 2017. However, as researcher Eerang Park and colleagues argue,
cities must still create effective marketing strategies to benefit fully from being named a City of
Gastronomy. Without an intentional effort to promote the city's food scene, many current and potential
visitors to Buenaventura may not even be aware that it's home to uniquely delicious food.

Based on the texts, what would the author of Text 2 most likely say in response to the underlined claim in
Text 1?

A) A city that UNESCO officially names as a City of Gastronomy should still make deliberate efforts to
attract visitors to promote its tourism.

B) Many people worked together to help Buenaventura be recognized by UNESCO, but chefs deserve the
most credit for Buenaventura's selection as a City of Gastronomy.

C) There are other benefits to being named a UNESCO City of Gastronomy besides increased tourism.

D) The naming of Buenaventura as a City Gastronomy was long overdue, given the city's delicious food.
例题7
Text 1

For decades, ornithologists assumed that if they saw a singing Bell's vireo—a bird species found in
temperate North America—they must be observing a male. That's because birdsong has long been
considered a male trait; researchers have argued that singing enables males to attract mates and claim
territory.

Text 2

Recent evidence shows that a female Bell's vireo is as capable of song as a male is. In fact, Karan
J. Odom and colleagues found evidence of female song in 71%of the 323 species they examined. They
claim that the historical mischaracterization of birdsong as a male trait is largely the result of bias:
much of the research ornithologists have carried out has been near universities in the temperate
northern hemisphere, where female birdsong is less common than it is in the tropics.

Based on the texts, how would Odom and colleagues(Text2) most likely respond to the view of
birdsong presented in Text 1?
A) They would suggest that it reflects a tendency to study male birds rather than female birds.

B) They would claim that other factors than mate attraction and territorial defense have driven the
evolution of singing in male birds.

C) They would underscore that male songbirds in temperate zones are likely using their songs for
different purposes than are male songbirds in the tropics.

D) They would argue that it was influenced by the kinds of study sites researchers tended to select.
例题8
Text 1

The poet Audre Lorde once claimed that poetry is the most inexpensive of art forms to practice.
While people who pursue other art forms— sculpture, architecture, long- form prose- require large
blocks of uninterrupted time as well as money to complete their work, poets can write, as Lorde said, "
between shifts, in the hospital pantry, on the subway, and on scraps of surplus paper. " So poets can
make worthwhile art even if they must earn their living in another way.

Text 2
Any assessment of the state of contemporary poetry must reckon with the professionalization of the field.
While it is possible in theory for anyone to publish in Virginia Quarterly Review, Kenyon Review, or a
similar major poetry outlet, many people who do so have professional training in poetry and extensive
practice writing it, which requires time not often available to those who must also work full-time jobs.
Thus, financial security indirectly affects which people become poets.

Based on the texts, how would Lorde ( Text 1) most likely respond to the argument presented in Text 2?

A) By indicating that those poets who publish in major poetry journals are most likely to be able to earn a
living by writing poetry

B) By pointing out that people can produce valuable poetry in other circumstances than those described
by the author of Text 2

C) By suggesting that those artists who specialize in more financially rewarding artistic forms are
unlikely to also be successful as poets

D) By asserting that people often work full-time jobs in order to afford the professional training described
in Text 2
例题 9

Text 1

There have been many theories put forward to explain the decline of the Ancient Maya societies.
One such theory points to various primary sources that indicate an escalation in in fighting among
rival factions in the society that coincided with increasing droughts. Thus, some anthropologists have
proposed that climate change put a strain on the social, political, and economic institutions and played a
crucial role in the demise of those institutions.

Text 2
There has been much debate surrounding the role that the changing climate played in the dissolution of
Ancient Maya political systems. While it is often correctly pointed out that drought conditions of the
time were correlated with the fall of the social order and the rise of civil unrest, it was more
specifically the increasing unpredictability of precipitation patterns that had the strongest impact on the
health of Maya society.

Based on the texts, how would the author of Text 2 most likely respond to the claims of the author of
Text 1?

A) By disagreeing with the premise that droughts corresponded to social unrest

B) By asserting that if Maya society leaders were increasingly unable to predict the weather, it would
logically follow that the population would increasingly mistrust the political institutions

C) By conceding that water resources played a vital role in the decline of Maya societies but noting that
the relevant factor was the society's inability to predict rainfall rather than strictly the lack of rainfall

D) By arguing that if weather patterns had remained stable, Maya civilization would not have declined
例题 10
Text 1

In 2015 Gaziantep, Turkey, was named a City of Gastronomy by UNESCO in recognition of the city's
unique food culture. The honor is well known among both residents of the city and tourists who visit. It's
obvious that the selection of Gaziantep by UNESCO has brought awareness to local recipes, cooking
practices, and chefs and has provided a boost to the city's tourism industry.

Text 2

Many residents of Gaziantep hoped that food tourism would increase after the city was chosen as a City
of Gastronomy in 2015. However, as researcher Eerang Park and colleagues argue, cities must still create
effective marketing strategies to benefit fully from being named a City of Gastronomy. Without an
intentional effort to promote the city's food scene, many current and potential visitors to Gaziantep may
not even be aware that it's home to uniquely delicious food.

Based on the texts,how would the author of Text2 most likely respond to the underlined claim inText 1?

A) By suggesting that Gaziantep's status as a City of Gastronomy may not be well known outside of
Turkey

B) By arguing that UNESCO's recognition of Gaziantep was well deserved because of the city's delicious
food

C) By noting that there are other benefits to being named a City of Gastronomy besides ncreased tourism

D) By claiming that Gaziantep's chefs were mainly responsible for the city's recognition by UNESCO
 2. 1 Central Ideas and Details

例题1
In O'odham, an Indigenous language from the Southwest region of what is now the United States, gogs
means " a dog" whereas gogogs is used to refer to several dogs. This phenomenon, in which an element of
a root word is repeated, sometimes with modification, within another word that is related to the root word,
is called reduplication. In this case, the element" go" in gogs gets repeated in gogogs. There are many
examples of this type of reduplication in O'odham.

The text makes which point about the O'odham word gogogs?
A) It contains a repetition of the element" go" in gogs.
B) It doesn't have a clear equivalent in English.
C) It is the only word in O'odham that uses reduplication.
D) It is identical in meaning to several other words in O'odham.

问法 2：
In Tutelo, an Indigenous language from the Mid-Atlantic region of what is now the United States,
okayeke means " bad, " whereas ati okayeye'tesel means" bad houses. " This phenomenon, in which

an element of a root word is repeated, sometimes with modification, within another word that is related to
the root word, is called reduplication. In this case, the element" ye" in okayeke gets repeated in ati
okayeye'tesel. There are many examples of this type of reduplication in Tutelo.

The text makes which point about the Tutelo word ati okayeye'tesel?
A) It doesn't have a clear equivalent in English.
B) It is identical in meaning to several other words in Tutelo.
C) It contains a repetition of the element" ye" in okayeke.
D) It is the only word in Tutelo that uses reduplication.
例题2
Master and Commander; first published in 1969, is a novel in Patrick O'Brian's Aubrey/Maturin series,
which includes twenty completed books. Some critics have found fault with the abrupt endings of
Master and Commander and other books in the series, saying that they do not finish conclusively but
arbitrarily stop. Other critics, however, argue that the books should not be thought of as discrete texts
with traditional beginnings and endings but as a single incredibly long work, similar to other
multi-volume stories, such as John Galsworthy's The Forsyte Saga.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

A) The unusual structure that O'Brian uses for Master and Commander makes it one of his most
intricate books.
B) Critics have differing views regarding the efficacy of the structures of the novels in the
Aubrey/Maturin series.
C) Some Critics think the Aubrey/Maturin series should have the literary renown of The Forsyte
Saga, while others disagree.
D) Many critics judge the Aubrey/Maturin novels to be remarkably entertaining despite flaws in

the novels'structures.

问 法 2:
Desolation Island, first published in 1978, is a novel in Patrick O'Brian's Aubrey/Maturin series, which

includes twenty completed books. Some critics have found fault with the abrupt ending of Desolation

Island and other books in the series, saying that they do not finish conclusively but arbitrarily stop. Other

critics, however, argue that the books should not be thought of as discrete texts with traditional

beginnings and endings but as a single incredibly long work, similar to other multivolume stories, such as

John Galsworthy's The Forsyte Saga.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

A) Critics have differing views regarding the efficacy of the structures of the novels in the

Aubrey/Maturin series.

B) Some critics think the Aubrey/Maturin series should have the literary renown of The Forsyte Saga,

while others disagree.

C) The unusual structure that O'Brian uses for Desolation Island makes it one of his most intricate books.

D) Many critics judge the Aubrey/Maturin novels to be remarkably entertaining despite flaws in the

novels' structures
.
问 法 3:
The Far Side of the World, first published in 1984, is a novel in Patrick O' Brain's Aubrey/Maturin series,
which includes twenty books plus an unfinished fragment of a twenty-first. Like the rest of the books in
the series, The Far Side of the World has a rather abrupt ending, but the following book, The Reverse of
the Medal, picks up neatly where The Far Side of the World leaves off. Thus, the sudden ending is only
an issue if one considers the books as independent texts—the Aubrey/Maturin series is best thought of as
single incredibly long work, similar to other multivolume stories, such as John Galsworthy's The Forsyte
Saga.

Which choice best states the main ideas of the text?

A) It is unfair that the Aubrey /Maturin series does not have the critical reputation of The Forsyte
Saga, which has a similar structure.

B) The Far Side of the World and The Reverse of the Medal are [two]of the most complex of
Patrick O'Brians [novels of the Aubrey/Maturin series]with unconventional structures.
C) The structure of each of the novels of the Aubrey/Maturin series suggests that the series

should be considered a single continuous story.

D) Many readers find the Aubrey/Maturin novels to be remarkably entertaining despite flaws
novels' structures.

问 法 4:
The Far Side of the World, first published in 1984, is a novel in Patrick O" Brian's
Aubrey/Maturin series, which includes twenty books plus an unfinished fragment of a
twenty-first. Like the rest of the books in the series, The Far Side of the World has a
rather abrupt ending, but the following book, The Reverse of the Medal, picks up neatly
where The Far Side of the World leaves off. Thus, the sudden ending is only an issue if
one considers the books as independent texts-the Aubrey/Maturin series is best thought
of as a single incredibly long work, similar to other multivolume stories, such as John
Galsworthy's The Forsyte Saga.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

A ) It is unfair that the Aubrey/ Maturin series does not have the critical reputation of The Forsyte
Saga, which has a similar structure.

B) The Far Side of the World and The Reverse of the Medal are two of the most complex of
Patrick O" Brian's novel creations following unconventional structures.
C) The structure of each of the novels of the Aubrey/Maturin series suggests that the
series should be considered a single continuous story.

D) Many readers find the Aubrey/Maturin novels to be remarkably entertaining despite

flaws in the novels' structures.
例题3
The following text is adapted from Adib Khorram's 2018 novel Darius the Great Is Not Okay.
Darius, a teenager from the United States, is visiting his family members in Iran.

I dozed and floated on the clouds of Farsi that blew my way from the front seat of Dayi
[Uncle] lamsheed's SUV.
It reminded me of when I was little. and Mom chanted to me in Farsi every night before
bedtime. It's hard to describe Farsi chanting: the way Mom drew her voice out like the notes
of a cello as she recited poems by Rumi or Hafez. I didn't know what they meant, but that
didn't matter. It was quiet and soothing.

Based on the text, what does the narrator mainly remember about the times when his mother
chanted to him?

A) That he liked the characters in the stories his mother made up while chanting
B ) That his mother had music playing in the background while she chanted
C) That his mother didn't usually chant at night
D) That he found the sound of his mother's chanting to be calming

例题4
Horses and barn owls can see in three dimensions ( 3D), which helps them perceive distance and depth.
Octopuses and squid are thought to lack 3D vision. Many researchers once thought the same about
cuttlefish, but Trevor Wardill and his team wanted to test whether this assumption was true. The team
studied how cuttlefish wearing 3D glasses reacted to 3D images of shrimp( a favorite prey) projected
on a tank wall. Cuttlefish changed their striking position to match the 3D images, suggesting that their
vision is more like that of horses and barn owls than that of
octopuses or squid.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

A) Researchers have long known that horses and barn owls can see in 3D.
B) Cuttlefish are surprisingly similar in structure to octopuses and squid.
C) Contrary to what many researchers had assumed, cuttlefish may be able to see in 3D.
D) The ability to see in 3D allows many animals to interact with one another.
例题5
As the sun began to dip below the horizon, casting long shadows across the cramped room, John
found himself engulfed in a sea of swirling doubts. Should he seize the opportunity to work in Baltic
seaports, or cling to the familiarity of his current life? The weight of indecision hung heavily upon
him, fueling his growing annoyance. Restless, he paced back and forth, rearranging the position of
his dining table and several little cabinets. His thoughts, however, remained stubbornly elusive.

Why did the protagonist move the furniture in his house?

A) To increase the space available in the room.

B ) To allow himself to think better about the vexing question.

C) In anticipation of the visit of an old friend.
D) To clean up the house before he moved out for his new work.
例题6
The following text is adapted from Matthew Arnold's 1869 nonfiction book Culture and Anarchy.

The men of culture are the true apostles of equality. The great men of culture are those who
have had a passion for diffusing, for making prevail, for carrying from one end of society to the
other, the best knowledge, the best ideas of their time; who have labored to divest knowledge of
all that was harsh, uncouth, difficult, abstract, professional, exclusive; to humanise it, to make it
efficient outside the clique of the cultivated and learned, yet still remaining the best knowledge
and thought of the time, and a true source, therefore, of sweetness and light.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

A) People who spread the most worthwhile ideas of a culture to the general public do valuable
Work.
B) Academics and the general public usually have conflicting opinions regarding which ideas are
most valuable to society.
C) Knowledge that cannot be understood by the general public is unlikely to be preserved.
D) Culture's duty is to impartially determine which ideas are most useful to a society.

例题7
The following text is adapted from Lady Gregory's 1904 play Spreading the News. Jack Smith and

Bartley Fallon have encountered each other at the local fair.

JACK: It isn't to the fair I came myself, but up to the Five Acre Meadow I'm going, where I
have a contract for the hay. We'll get a share of it into tramps [drying stacks] to-day.
BARTLEY: You will not get it into tramps to-day. The rain will be down on it by evening, and on
myself too. It's seldom I ever started on a journey but the rain would come down on
me before I'd find any place of shelter.
JACK: If it didn't itself, Bartley, it is my belief you would carry a leaky pail on your head in
place of a hat, that way you'd not be without some cause of complaining.

Based on the text, what does Jack most likely believe about Bartley?
A ) Bartley is worried that Jack is unaware of the coming rain.
B) Bartley will be able to help Jack with cutting the hay.
C) Bartley is a poor judge of the weather.
D) Bartley will find fault with any situation.
例题8
The following text is adapted from María Amparo Ruiz de Burton's 1885 novel The Squatter and the
Don. Mercedes and Clarence, who develop a romantic relationship in the novel, have been
traveling with a group of friends.

[Mercedes]was still very pale, and her hands yet trembled, when the thundering of the east-bound
train was heard in the distance. Two shrieks pierced the air simultaneously, as the two trains
passed each other. Her heart gave accelerated throbs when she heard those shrieks, because she
knew that one of them came from the train which bore Clarence away, and it seemed to her as if
expressive of his pain at being torn from her. Yes, that magician, the locomotive, understood it all,
and shrieked to say he did so, because he knew she, too, wished
to shriek like that.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

A) Mercedes feels heartbroken to be separated from Clarence.
B) Mercedes feels that Clarence has forgotten to pack an important item.
C) The sounds at the train station irritate Mercedes.
D) Clarence has never taken a train before.
例题9
The following text is adapted from José Rizal's 1891 novel The Reign of Greed ( translated by Charles
Derbyshire in 1912) . Don Custodio is on his way back home to the Philippines after a prolonged visit
to Spain.

The eleven months spent at the capital [Madrid]among cafe politicians, nearly all retired half-pay
office-holders, the various speeches caught here and there, this or that article of the opposition, all
the political life that permeates the air, from the barber-shop where amid the scissors-clips the
Figaro [barber]announces his program to the banquets where in harmonious periods and telling
phrases the different shades of political opinion, the divergences and disagreements, are
adjusted—all these things awoke in [Don Custodio]the farther he got from Europe, like the
life-giving sap within the sown seed prevented from bursting out by the thick husk.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

A) Don Custodio's experience in Madrid increased his sense of political engagement, but only
once he left Europe.
B) Don Custodio enjoys learning about the customs of people in Madrid, even though those
customs are not always familiar to him.
C) Most people in Madrid feel eager to make a change in their government.
D ) Politicians in Madrid tend to collaborate well with others.

例 题 10
The following text is from Yung Wing's 1909 memoir My Life in China and America.

We landed in New York on the 12th of April, 1847, after a passage of ninety-eight days of
unprecedented fair weather. The New York of 1847 was altogether a different city from the New
York of 1909. It was a city of only 250, 000 or 300, 000 inhabitants; now it is a metropolis
rivaling London in population, wealth and commerce. The whole of Manhattan Island is turned
into a city of skyscrapers, churches and palatial residences.

Based on the passage, how does Yung perceive New York to have changed between 1847 and
1909?
A) The city's ports have become more active.
B) The city's population has become much more diverse than London's.
C) The city has become more developed and populated.
D) The architecture of the city has become more modest in style.
 2. 2 Command of Evidence: Textual

例题1
The Choice is a poem written by Emily Frost in 1910. In this poem, the author conveys the idea
that the outcome individuals receive is positively correlated to the decisions they make.

Which quotation most effectively illustrates the claim?

A) With wisdom's light, we navigate, /The endless sea of choice and fate.
B) The outcome dances with our will, /In harmony or discordant thrill.
C) You reap what you sow; /What you plant, is what /will grow at length.
D) For those who choose to walk with grace, /Shall lose their dreams in tender embrace.

例题2
It has already been established by scientists that octopuses and crabs see things in three dimensions just
like human, while tortoises and soft-shelled turtles perceive the world in two dimensions. To
investigate whether cuttlefish also possess tridimensional visual perception, Trevor Wardill and
colleagues affixed specially designed 3D glasses, with one red lens and one blue lens, to one group
of cuttlefish, while maintaining another group as a control without the glasses. Positioned at the front of
the cuttlefish tank, a screen projected videos of shrimp, one of cuttlefish's favorite snacks. Ultimately,
the researchers concluded that cuttlefish indeed perceive their environment in three dimensions.

Which finding, if true, would most strongly support the conclusion of the experiment?
A) After wearing 3D glasses, the cuttlefish attacked the prey the same way as those who did not
wear glasses.
B) The cuttlefish with 3D glasses ignored the shrimp played on the screen during the experiment.

C ) Two of the animals in the experimental group removed the 3 D glasses when they were put back
in the tank, while the others tolerated them.

D) The cuttlefish in the control group made several attempts to attack the shrimp.
例题3
A Pair of Silk Stockings is a novel written by American author Kate Chopin in 1897 . Within the
novel, a passage delineates an individual who experiences an enhanced sense of self-positivity
upon putting on an item of clothing.

Which quotation from A Pair of Silk Stockings most effectively illustrates the claim?
A) Then she replaced her shoes, rolled the cotton stockings together and thrust them into her bag.
After doing this she crossed straight over to the shoe department and took her seat to be fitted.

B) Her stockings and boots and well fitting gloves had worked marvels in her bearing—had given her
a feeling of assurance, a sense of belonging to the well-dressed multitude.

C) It was a long time since Mrs. Sommers had been fitted with gloves. On rare occasions when she

had bought a pair they were always " bargains, " so cheap that it would have been preposterous and

unreasonable to have expected them to be fitted to the hand.

D) Now she rested her elbow on the cushion of the glove counter, and a pretty, pleasant young
creature, delicate and deft of touch, drew a long-wristed " kid" over Mrs. Sommers' hand.
例题4
Scientists conducted an experiment involving a group of dogs, consisting of both older and younger
individuals. Specifically, some of these dogs were exclusively exposed to Spanish language when
growing up, while others were solely exposed to Hungarian language. Each dog underwent a three-step
process: firstly, they were played a recorded excerpt from the renowned literary work" The Little
Prince" in Spanish; subsequently, they listened to the same excerpt read in Hungarian; and finally, they
were presented with a mixed audio comprising of scrambled noise combined with the previous two
versions. During this procedure, the dogs remained motionless while their brain activity was
scrutinized through MRI scans, enabling the scientists to monitor the level of brain function exhibited
by each dog. Based on the results of this experiment, the scientists concluded that dogs possess the
ability to discern human speech from random noise, as well as differentiate between a familiar human
language and an unfamiliar one. Furthermore, it was observed that this ability to distinguish between
familiar and unfamiliar languages becomes more robust as the dogs age. The scientists' explanation was
that, the older the dog, the longer its exposure to human language ( the very language it is familiar with)
. That is to say, older dogs are more familiar with human language because they have heard people
talking for a longer time period.

Which finding, if true, would most strongly support the conclusion of the experiment?
A) Compared to younger dogs, older dogs exhibited a milder contrast in brain activity between
exposure to human language and exposure to noise.

A) All the dog subjects showed greater brain activity in response to the language they were raised with,
as compared to their reaction when confronted with an unfamiliar language.

C) Dogs demonstrated higher levels of brain activity when exposed to a familiar language compared
with their response towards an unfamiliar one. The difference was most significant amongst the older
dogs, and it diminished as the age of the dog decreased.

D) The largest increase in brain activity was observed when an older dog was listening to a recording of
" The Little Prince" in Spanish.
例题5
When expressing temporal concepts, individuals often utilize an egocentric frame of reference,
employing spatial directions to denote time. For instance, when discussing past events, it is customary to
point towards the left using the left hand, while discussions of future occurrences typically involve
pointing towards the right with the right hand, thus establishing a self-centered framework of reference.
Situated on the island of Papua New Guinea, there exists a primordial tribal community known as the
Yupno tribe. Some scholars claim that the egocentric referencing is common across all human races,
thus the Yupno people also adopt an egocentric frame of reference, using spatial indicators to represent
time.

Which finding, if true, would most directly undermine the claim?

A) The Yupno use their left hand to point to the right when talking about the future, and use their left
hand to point to the left when talking about the past.

B) The Yupno always use their left hand to point to the right or the left when denoting future or past
events.

C) When referring to the future with backs towards the top of a hill, the Yupno point backward; when
referring to the future while standing toward the top of a hill, the Yupno point to the front.

D) When referring to the future, the Yupno shake their heads to the left; when referring to the past, the
Yupno shake their heads to the right.
例题6
Uncle Vanya is a1898 play by the Russian playwright Anton Chekhov. In the play, the heroine
Helena is trying to ease the tension between Uncle Vanya and the professor:

Which quotation from Uncle Vanya most effectively illustrates the claim?
A) " You are cultured and intelligent, Ivan, and you surely understand that the world is not
destroyed by villains and conflagrations, but by hate and malice and all this spiteful tattling. It is
your duty to make peace, and not to growl at everything. "

B) You have behaved shockingly again. Ivan, what sense was there in teasing your mother and
talking about perpetuum mobile?And at breakfast you quarreled with Alexander again. Really,
your behaviour is too petty.
C) No one is disputing your rights. [The window slams in the wind]The wind is rising, I must
shut the window. [She shuts it]We shall have rain in a moment. Your rights have never been
questioned by anybody.
D) Something is wrong in this house. Your mother hates everything but her pamphlets and the
professor; the professor is vexed, he won't trust me, and fears you; Sonia is angry with her father,
and with me and hasn't spoken to me for two weeks; I am at the end of my strength, and have
come near bursting into tears at least twenty times to-day. Something is wrong in this house.

问法 2：
The following text is adapted from Anton Chekhov's 1899 play Uncle Vanya. Professor Serebrakoff
retires and moves to his country estate, which Vanya manages with the help of Sonia, the
professor's daughter from a previous marriage. Chekhov portrays the professor as being someone
adjusting to living at the country estate, as is evident when

Which quotation from Uncle Vanya most effectively illustrates the claim?
A) Professor Serebrakoff says, " I am a book-worm and a scholar, and am unfamiliar with practical
affairs. I cannot, I find, dispense with the help of well-informed people. "
B) Professor Serebrakoff says to Helena, " My darling, don't leave me alone with [Vanya]. He will
begin lecture me. "

C) Professor Serebrakoff says to Helena, " I am used to my library and the lecture hall and to the
esteem and admiration of my colleagues. Now I suddenly find myself plunged into this wilderness
( the cottage) , condemned to see the same stupid people from morning till night and listen to their
futile conversations. "

D) Vanya says to Professor Serebrakoff, " You write on art without knowing anything about it.
Those books of yours which I used to admire are not worth one copper kopeck. You are a hoax!"
例题7

" The Monster" is an 1898 story by Stephen Crane. In the story, the character of Jim, a young boy,
accidentally damages a peony( a flower) in the yard while his father is tending to the lawn. Crane
depicts the dedication and care with which his father typically cares for this lawn, writing,

Which quotation from " The Monster" most effectively illustrates the claim?
A) " After some trouble [Jim's father]found the subject of the incident, the broken flower. Turning
then, he saw the child lurking at the rear and scanning his countenance. "

B) " [Jim's father]was shaving this lawn as if it were a priest's chin. All during the season he had
worked at it in the coolness and peace of the evenings after supper. Even in the shadow of the
cherry-trees the grass was strong and healthy. "

C) " [Jim's father]paused, and with the howl of the machine no longer occupying the sense, one
could hear the robins in the cherry-trees arranging their affairs. "
D) " [Jim]went on to the town, very slowly, and kicking wretchedly at the turf. Presently his father
came along with the whirring machine, while the sweet, new grass blades spun from the knives. "

例题8
问法1:
The Underdogs is a 1915 novel by Mariano Azuela, originally written in Spanish. In the novel, a group of
soldiers travel through a canyon, where their collective mood becomes strongly affected by the strenuous
conditions of their journey:

Which quotation from a translation of The Underdogs most effectively Illustrates the claim?
A) " The sierra is clad in gala colors. Over its inaccessible peaks the opalescent fog settles like a
snowy veil on the forehead of a bride. "
B) " All day long [the soldiers] rode through the canyon, up and down the steep, round hills, dirty

and bald as a man's head. hill after hill in endless succession. "

C) " Then, hurriedly, [the soldiers]took the Juchipila canyon northward, without halting to rest
until nightfall. "
D) " The sun, beating down upon [the soldiers], dulled their minds and bodies and presently they
were silent. "
问 法 2:
The Underdogs is a 1915 novel by Mariano Azuela, originally written in Spanish. In the novel, the town of
Juchipila is depicted as a striking sight for a group of soldiers as they view it from afar:

Which quotation from a translation of The Underdogs most effectively illustrates the claim?
A) " All day long [the soldiers]rode through the canyon, up and down the steep, round hills, dirty
and bald as a man's head, hill after hill in endless succession. "
B) " [The soldiers]entered the streets of Juchipila as the church bells rang, loud and joyfully, with
that peculiar tone that thrills every mountaineer. "
C) " Juchipila rose in the distance, white, bathed in sunlight, shining in the midst of a thick forest
at the foot of a proud, lofty mountain. "
D) " The sierra is clad in gala colors. Over its inaccessible peaks the opalescent fog settles like a
snowy veil on the forehead of a bride. "

例题9
Biologist Rosanna Alegado believes that we might learn how multicellular organisms developed from
single-celled ones if we understand why the single-celled organism Salpingoeca rosetta, the oldest
living relative of animals, sometimes forms colonies of cells. Alegado and colleagues reviewed data
from many studies of how S. rosetta responds when exposed to another type of single-celled organism,
bacteria, including John P. Bowman's work with Algoriphagus ratkowskyi bacteria and Iftikhar Ahmed's
work with Algoriphagus boritolerans bacteria. Alegado and colleagues concluded that both A.
ratkowskyi and A. boritolerans might have played a role in the development of multicellular
organisms.

Which finding, if true, would most directly support Alegado and colleagues' conclusion?

A) Bowman and Ahmed found that S. rosetta tended to form colonies after bacterial exposure.

B) Bowman found that S. rosetta tended to form colonies after bacterial exposure, but Ahmed did not.

C) Ahmed found that S. rosetta tended to form colonies after bacterial exposure. but Bowman did not.

D) Neither Bowman nor Ahmed found that S. rosetta tended to form colonies after bacterial exposure.
例 题 10
The 2000 production of The Green Bird was the first Broadway show for which Constance Hoffman
was credited as a costume designer. Hoffman was among the Broadway costume designers interviewed
by Sara Jabion-Roberts and Eulanda A. Sanders for their study of historical accuracy in costume design
for shows with a historical setting. They found that even designers who value historical accuracy will
often include contemporary design elements that don't fit with the historical period. In a research paper
about theatrical costume design, a student argues that costume designers for modern productions of
Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream ( set in ancient Greece) sometimes include such elements
unintentionally.

Which quotation from an interview with a costume designer would most effectively support the

student's claim?

A) "I tend to pay careful attention to a character's accessories like gloves, hats, and jackets. These elements
help communicate information about how this person would have fit into society at the time. "

B) " I aim to create a clear sense of the character and the world they inhabit. Sometimes this means
adhering to the historical period's style, but frequently, as in stagings of A Midsummer Night's Dream, some
flexibility is required to communicate an idea to the audience. "

C) " Costumes must always reflect the correct historical period. Too often, Ive seen costumes that
borrow from a wide span of periods, resulting in a production with a confusing visual style. "
D) " In the 1980s I was costuming for a production of A Midsummer Night's Dream Even though I focused
on using the correct materials and techniques for the play's period in history, when I look
back I can clearly see the Influence of 1980s fashion in my designs. "
 2. 3 Command of evidence: Quantitative
例题1
US Hydroelectric Power Plants, 2019

Plants State Mode Generators in Average power Water

plant generation
source
( MWh/yr)

Scanlon Minnesota run-of-river 4 7, 511 St. Louls River

Kansas River Kansas run-of-river 11 15, 345 Kansas River
Squa Pan Maine peaking 1 881 Squa Pan Stream
Hydro Station

Great Falls Tennessee peaking 2 124, 392 Caney Fork River

A run-of-river hydroelectric power plant, as the name suggests, uses the natural flow of a water
source to generate electricity but is unable to start or stop that flow through its generators. In contrast,
a peaking hydroelectric power plant ( used when demand for electricity peaks) controls the flow of
water through its generators: starting flow when demand is high enough, stopping it when demand is
too low, and otherwise regulating it to keep pace with changing electricity needs. Although
peaking plants do not typically operate continuously as run-of-river plants do, peaking plants can
generate more megawatt-hours of power per year( MWh/yr) than some run-of-river plants. For
example, the

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the example?
A) average power generated annually by the Great Falls plant is higher than that generated by any
of the run-of-river plants in the table.
B) Scanlon plant, which is a run-of-river plant, has more generators than any of the other plants in
the table.
C ) run- of- river plant with the highest average annual power generation in the table generates more
electricity than the peaking plant with the highest annual power generation in the table.
C) average power generated annually by the Kansas River plant is higher than that generated by the Scanlon
plant
例题2

Orientation of Paired Leaves in Grapevines and Related Species

Species Total leaf Pairs with Pairs with Ratio of opposite-side

pairs opposite side same-side orientations to same side
examined orientation orientation orientations ( n to 1)
Ampelopsis 47 38 9 4. 22
glandulosa
Vitis palmata 45 27 18 1. 50
Vitis vulpina 155 108 47 2. 30
Vitis acerifolia 209 165 44 3. 75

Many plants have leaves that are larger on one side of their long central axis than the other, a
phenomenon known as asymmetrical orientation. University of California, Berkeley biologist Ciera
Martinez and colleagues examined several species of grapevines and closely related plants, which
have leaves that grow in pairs, to see if both leaves in a pair tend to be oriented toward the same
side( that is, have more tissue on the same side) or not. They found that opposite-side orientations
are more common than same-side orientations, though the ratios can vary by species.
This variation can be seen in the table, where ratios range from

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the assertion?
A) 2. 30 to 1 in Ampelopsis glandulosa to 4. 22 to 1 in Vitis vulpina.
B) 1. 50 to 1 in Vitis palmata to 4. 22 to 1 in Ampelopsis glandulasa.
C) 9 to 1 in Ampelopsis glandulosa to 47 to 1 in Vitis vulpina.
D) 27 to 1 in Vitis palmata to 165 to 1 in Vitis acerifolia.
例题3
问 法 1:

A student is researching the trends in the topics submitted to a national science fair for high
school students. The graph shows the number of submissions by topic that were made each year.
Based on the data in the graph, the student claims that there were more medicine and health research
topics submitted in 2019 than in any other year.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to support the underlined claim?
A) In 2016, the number of cellular and molecular biology topic submissions was the same as the

number of animal science topic submissions.

B) In 2019, there were more physics and space science topic submissions than there were medicine
and health topic submissions.

C) The lowest number of animal science topic submissions in a year was approximately 95 in 2016.

D) The highest number of medicine and health topic submissions during the period shown is
approximately 285 in 2019
问 法2 :

A student is researching the trends in the topics submitted to a national science fair for high school
students. The graph shows the number of submissions by topic that were made each year. Based on
the data in the graph, the student claims that the number of physics and space science topic
submissions has been the same with animal science topic submissions from 2016 to 2019.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to weaken the underlined claim?
A) In 2016, the number of cellular and molecular biology topic submissions was the same as the
number of animal science topic submissions.

B) In 2019, there were more physics and space science topic submissions than there were medicine
and health topic submissions.

C) The lowest number of animal science topic submissions in a year was approximately 95 in 2016.

D) In 2016, the number of physics and space science topic submissions was higher than the number of
animal science topic submissions.
例题4

To understand the extent of deforestation in the Chorotega region of Costa Rica, Juan Pablo
Arroyo-Mora and colleagues used historical aerial photography and remote sensing data to track changes
in the annual mean size of forest patches across different land use capability classes ( categories that
indicate possible uses of forest land) . Due to the Chorotega region's accessibility, various types of
forested areas were converted to cattle pasture as rising international meat prices drove a cattle ranching
boom in the 1960s and 1970s. By the mid-1980s, however, increased public awareness and environmental
reforms, along with a decline in meat prices, triggered a natural regrowth process, as evident by the

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the assertion?
A) similarity in mean forest patch size in Class VII and Class VI in 1986.
B) difference between mean forest patch size in Class VII and in Class I-IV in 2000.
C) increase in mean forest patch size after 1986 in all classes.
D) steady increase in mean forest patch size from 1960 to 1979, followed by a more sudden
increase in 1986 for all classes.
 例题5

Minimum and Maximum Depths of Stony Coral Species in Caribbean and Indo-Pacific Waters

Species Minimum depth( meters) Maximum depth ( meters)

Acropora anthocercis 5 10
Agaricia undata 20 80
Acropora caroliniana 10 25
Pocillopora meandrina 1 27

Some scientists have suggested that as ocean temperatures rise, many fish and corals found in the
shallow zone( less than 30 meters below the surface) could take refuge in the cooler, darker
mesophotic zone( 30 to 150 meters below the surface) . However, it isn't clear that all such species
will be able to tolerate mesophotic conditions. In 2018, Luiz Rocha and colleagues studied stony
corals in the two zones in Caribbean and Indo-Pacific waters. Based on the depths at which those
corals are now found, the species that seems most suited to a full migration to the mesophotic zone
is

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the statement?
A) Agaricia undata, because among four species, it can adopt the widest range of meters, with
minimum depth of 20 meters and maximum depth of 80 meters.
B) Acropora anthocercis, because its maximum depth of 10 meters is furthest from the mesophotic
zone.
C) Pocillopora meandrina, because its minimum depth of 1 meter is the shallowest of those listed.
D) Acropora caroliniana, because its maximum depth of 25 meters is close to but doesn't reach the
mesophotic zone.
例题6

Annual Average Hours of

Highway Traffic Delay
per Auto Commuter

Year

In a college course on urban affairs, a student asserts that traffic congestion in the United States increased
between 1990 and 2000 mostly in and around very large cities such as Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The
student claims that not only were smaller areas such as Albany-Schenectady-Troy, New York, and Boise,
Idaho, less affected, but the amount of congestion in those areas remained constant throughout the same
period. However, A second student claims that this is an unsupported assertion based on incorrect
assumptions about traffic patterns in urban areas of different sizes because

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the assertion?
A) In all three urban areas shown, the amount of traffic delay per commuter per year was greater in
2000 than in 1990.

B) Throughout the period between 1990 and 2000, the amount of traffic delay per commuter per year
was greater in the Albany-Schenectady-Troy, New York, area than in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
area.

C) In at least one of the three urban areas shown, the amount of traffic delay was less than 20 hours per
commuter per year at one point between 1990 and 2000.

D) In 1992, the amount of traffic delay in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, area was less than 30 hours
per commuter per year.
问法 2：
Annual Average Hours of Highway Traffic Delay per Auto Commuter

Annual Average Hours of

Highway Traffic Delay per
Auto Commuter

Year

In a college course on urban affairs, a student asserts that increased traffic congestion in the 1990s
in the United States was present both in very large cities such as New York City. New York, and
smaller areas such as Allentown-Bethlehem. Pennsylvania, and Beaumont. Texas; though those
smaller areas may have been less affected by traffic congestion than very large cities, this congestion
also worsened in them over time.

Which choice best describes data from the graph that support the student's claim?
A) While the number of hours of traffic delay per commuter per year was always lower in the
Allentown-Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, area than in the New York City, New York, area for each
year between 1990 and 2000, the amount of traffic delay rose in both areas during this period.
B) In at least one of the three urban areas shown, the amount of traffic delay was less than 20 hours per
person per year at one point between 1990 and 2000.

C) In 1992, the amount of traffic delay in the New York City, New York, area was less than 30 hours
per commuter per year.

D) Throughout the period between 1990 and 2000, the annual amount of traffic delay per commuter
was greater in the Allentown-Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, area than in the Now York City, New York,
area.
例题7
问 法 1:

A student is writing an essay about four pyramids for a history class and wants to estimate how long
ago each pyramid was built. Consulting the table, the student finds that the Tikal Temple IV was built

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the text?
A) 1, 900 to 2, 300 years ago
B) 1, 300 years ago.
C) 4, 500 to 4, 600 years ago
D) 3, 800 to 4, 000 years ago.

问 法 2:
Pyramids in Egypt and the Americas

Height Age
Pyramid Country
( meters) ( years before present)
The Great Pyramid Mexico 33 2, 050 to 2, 400
The Pyramid of Djoser Egypt 60 4, 600 to 4, 700
The Pyramid of Sahure Egypt 47 4, 400 to 4, 500
El Castillo Belize 40 1. 100 to 1. 400

A student is writing an essay about four pyramids for a history class and wants to note how long
ago each pyramid was built and how tall each pyramid is. Consulting the table, the student finds that
the Pyramid of Djoser was built 4, 600 to 4, 700 years ago and is

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the text?
A) 60 meters tall.
B) 47 meters tall.
C) 33 meters tall.

D) 40 meters tall.
 2. 4 Inferences

例题1
Researchers are conducting an investigation into the expansion and dispersion patterns of a particular
cactus species, Carnegiea gigantea, which can only survive the climatic conditions in Arizona and
has only been observed within the state's central region. It is noteworthy that the eastern and western
portions of the state, characterized by their hazardous terrain, pose substantial challenges to human
exploration. Therefore, scientists hold the contention that a definitive assertion claiming the exclusive
occurrence of Carnegiea gigantea solely within central Arizona would be premature, because

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) the climate of eastern and western Arizona is better than that of central Arizona

B) Carnegiea gigantea exist in the eastern and western mountains of Arizona, but they are covered by
other plants

C) with technological progress, it will be possible to send people to explore the eastern and western
parts of Arizona, where the existence of Carnegiea gigantea may be confirmed

D) no one has ever been able to explore the central part of Arizona as a result of its treacherous terrain

例题2
Generally speaking, whether consumers give a good comment or a bad one is closely related to
their expectations about the kind of service they will get. Some gas stations are located near schools
while others are near restaurants. People who go to gas stations near schools usually get discounts
for refueling their automobiles. However, such discounts are not provided at gas stations near
restaurants. Recent studies show that the rate of good comments versus bad comments made to the
gas stations near cafeteria is lower than the rate near schools, suggesting that

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) The number of people going to gas stations at restaurants is greater than that of people going to gas
stations near schools.

B) People who go to gas stations at restaurants has higher expectations about the service because of
higher price.

C) People are more willing to give good comments to gas stations near schools.

D) More gas stations should be established near schools.

例题3
In economics, a theoretical hypothesis holds that when a country undertakes the process of
liberalizing its economy, such as establishing a new stock market, there will be a surge in the inflow
of foreign investment ( monetary investment or land acquisition) . However, upon meticulous
examination of Pakistan's economic data subsequent to the economic liberalization measures, some
economists discovered that the long-term influx of foreign capital did not experience any significant
growth. Later, other economists delved into the same data and found that the assertion that foreign
capital inflows did not increase in Pakistan after the economic liberalization measures was not
entirely accurate. During the first three years, there was indeed a substantial growth in the inflow of
foreign capital. Therefore, it can be concluded that .

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) When a country initiates the process of economic liberalization, the inflow of foreign capital
surpasses that of nations that do not undertake such measures.
B) Following the liberalization of a nation's economy, the inflow of foreign capital continues to
increase.
C) The level of foreign capital flowing into a country remains stagnant after a country liberalizes
its economy.
D) The amount of foreign capital entering a country will experience a continuous growth for the
first three years after a country liberalizes its economy, then it will stop growing.

例题4
Previous research has shown that plant species with a narrow geographical range tend to be more
genetically homogeneous than plant species with extensive ranges are. Based on these findings,
researchers recently ran simulations to predict how the genetic variation of several species of
Mammillaria, a genus of cactus found throughout the Americas, might change in different distribution
conditions. One of these species. M. anniana, is found only in the state of Tamaulipas. The researchers
simulated what would happen if M. anniana spread to new habitats outside Tomaulipas, and, consistent
with previous findings, the results showed that

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A)there was a gradual increase in the genetic homogeneity of Mammillaria species in states neighboring
Tamaulipas.

B) Mammillaria species other than M. anniana would become more common in Tomaulipas.

C) several other Mammillaria species could survive in Tomaulipas in the future.

D) the genetic homogeneity of M. anniana decreased over time.

例题5
In a 2012 study in the United States, Michael E. Berndt and Travis K. Bavin found a positive
association between levels of dissolved organic carbon and mercury in bodies of fresh water. Many
other studies have yielded similar results, suggesting to some scientists that this association is true for
all bodies of fresh water. But much of that research has been conducted at broadly similar sites in
North America, and when Seam Noh and colleagues examined bodies of fresh water in South Korea,
they found a negative association between dissolved organic carbon levels and mercury levels. If
similar findings emerge from other locations outside North America, that could suggest that

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) the mercury levels reported in Noh and colleagues' study were much higher than those reported in
the study by Berndt and Bavin even though the dissolved organic carbon levels reported in the two
studies were approximately the same.

B) Berndt and Bavin may have inadvertently measured a different characteristic of bodies of fresh
water than their level s of dissolved organic carbon and mercury.

C) the relationship between dissolved organic carbon and mercury reported by Berndt and Bavin
reflects conditions that are characteristic of certain kinds of ecosystems in North America rather than
universal conditions.

D) most of the studies conducted in North America have measured dissolved organic carbon and
mercury levels at a higher level of precision than was the case in Noh and colleagues'study.
例题6
In order to identify research trends, Shirley Ann Williams et al. reviewed a collection of studies of
the social media website Twitter, such as the 2011 paper by Celik et al. titled " Learning Semantic
Relationships between Entities in Twitter. "Williams's team searched for the term " Twitter" on the
Scopus and Web of Science databases and found that, though most papers returned by the search did
in fact focus on the social media platform, a few discussed unrelated subjects such as sounds made by
tractor engines. One reasonable explanation for this result is that it occurred because

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) a group of researchers had an extensive discussion on Twitter about the design of tractor engines.

B) most of the papers in the Scopus and Web of Science databases do not discuss automotive engines
or social media websites.

C) the word " Twitter" may not always refer to a social media website, but to other subjects such as
noises made by machines.

D) academics who are active on social networks are likely to announce their recent publications on
Twitter.

例题7
Our theory is that the farming of rice causes tight social norms to form, but the opposite could also
be possible. Maybe people who already had tight norms chose to farm rice. One way to test this
is to ask where it's physically possible to grow rice. If all the country could grow rice but only the
regions that have tight norms actually grow rice, this would suggest that

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) farming rice is unrelated to tight norms.
B) tight norms caused people to farm rice.
C) physical limits on rice farming affect norms.
D ) rice farming began in regions without tight norms.
例题8
Because hard-shelled, calcareous eggs, like those of birds, are reinforced by crystalline calcium
carbonate, they are well represented in the fossil record. By contrast, soft-shelled eggs, such as those
of most lizards and snakes, have leathery outer coverings that decay rapidly and thus

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) dominate the fossil record.
B) resemble calcareous eggs.
C) are only rarely preserved.
D) do not need to be reinforced.

例题9
Saeed M. Z. A. Tarabieh conducted a study of consumer attitudes toward Jordanian food and
beverage companies and found that for consumers who value environmental conservation, their
likelihood of purchasing a product decreased when their perception of the product's risk of causing
environmental harm increased. Subsequently, other researchers conducted a study of various
demographic groups in Turkey, investigating participants' intentions to purchase a new skin-care
product, and found that, on average, parents of small children had the lowest perception among all the
demographic groups in the study of the environmental risks of the skin-care product. Assuming that
the results of Tarabieh's study are broadly applicable, this finding suggests that

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) the new skin-care product is less appealing to parents of small children than other similar products on
the market are.

B) there is not a meaningful difference in the average likelihood of purchasing environmentally friendly
products among the demographic groups included in the study.

C) parents of small children likely prioritize other factors over a product's environmental sustainability
when making purchasing decisions.

D) parents of small children might be more likely than participants in the other demographic groups to
purchase the skin-care product.
例 题 10
In dialects of English spoken in Scotland, the" r" sound is strongly emphasized when it appears at
the end of syllables ( as in" car" ) or before other consonant sounds ( as in" bird" ) . English dialects
of the Upland South, a region stretching from Oklahoma to western Virginia, place similar emphasis
on " r" at the ends of syllables and before other consonant sounds. Historical records show that the
Upland South was colonized largely by people whose ancestors came from Scotland. Thus,
linguists have concluded that

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) the English dialects spoken in the Upland South acquired their emphasis on the" r" sound from
dialects spoken in Scotland.

B) emphasis on the " r" sound will eventually spread from English dialects spoken in the Upland
South to dialects spoken elsewhere.

C) the English dialects spoken in Scotland were influenced by dialects spoken in the Upland South.

D) people from Scotland abandoned their emphasis on the" r" sound after relocating to the Upland
South.
 答案
1. 1 Words in Context

例 题 1: B
例 题 2: C
例 题 3: B
例 题 4: B
例 题 5: B
例 题 6: A
例 题 7: C
例 题 8: C
例 题 9: D
例 题 10: B
例 题 11: B
例 题 12: B
例 题 13: A
例 题 14: A
例 题 15: A
例 题 16: D
例 题 17: C
例 题 18: A
例 题 19: D
例 题 20: A
例 题 21: C
例 题 22: 问 法 1: B
问 法 2: C
例 题 23: C
例 题 24: 问 法 1: A
问 法 2: D
例 题 25: A
例 题 26: C
例 题 27: 问 法 1: D
问 法 2: D
例 题 28: 问 法 1: B
 问 法 2: B
例 题 29 : 问 法 1: A
问 法 2: A

1. 2 Text Structure and Purpose

例 题 1: C
例 题 2: B
例 题 3: D
例 题 4: B
例 题 5: 问 法 1: D
问 法 2: C
例 题 6: D
例 题 7: A
例 题 8: D
例 题 9: D
例 题 10: 问 法 1: B
问 法 2: B

1. 3 Cross-Text Connections

例 题 1: A
例 题 2: D
例 题 3: D

例 题 4: C
例 题 5: A
例 题 6: A
例 题 7: D
例 题 8: B
例 题 9: C

例 题 10: A

2. 1 Central Ideas and Details

例 题 1: A
问 法 2： C
例 题 2: B
问法 2 : A
问 法 3: C
问 法 4: C
例 题 3: D
例 题 4: C
例 题 5: B
例 题 6: A
例 题 7: D
例 题 8: A
例 题 9: A
例 题 10: C

2. 2 Command of Evidence: Textual

例 题 1: C
例 题 2: A
例 题 3: B
例 题 4: C
例 题 5: C
例 题 6: A
问法 2： C
例 题 7: B
例 题 8: 问 法 1: D
问 法 2: B
例 题 9: A
例 题 10: D

2. 3 Command of evidence: Quantitative

例 题 1: A
例 题 2: B
例 题 3: 问 法 1: D
问 法 2: D
例 题 4: C
例 题 5: A
例 题 6: A
问法 2： A
例 题 7: 问 法 1: B
问 法 2: A

2. 4 Inferences

例 题 1: C
例 题 2: B
例 题 3: D
例 题 4: D
例 题 5: C
例 题 6: C
例 题 7: B
例 题 8: C
例 题 9: D
例 题 10 : A