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Lecture II 1

The document discusses PERT and CPM as project management techniques used for planning, scheduling, and controlling inter-related activities. It outlines the objectives, characteristics, and rules for network construction of both methods, highlighting their differences, such as PERT being probabilistic and event-oriented while CPM is deterministic and activity-oriented. Additionally, it provides examples of project activities and assignments for constructing networks and determining critical paths.

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6 views6 pages

Lecture II 1

The document discusses PERT and CPM as project management techniques used for planning, scheduling, and controlling inter-related activities. It outlines the objectives, characteristics, and rules for network construction of both methods, highlighting their differences, such as PERT being probabilistic and event-oriented while CPM is deterministic and activity-oriented. Additionally, it provides examples of project activities and assignments for constructing networks and determining critical paths.

Uploaded by

souravkartiksahoo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Project management through PERT and CPM:

• PERT and CPM are the scheduling techniques which are used to plan, schedule and control a project consisting of
no. of inter-related activities. These techniques provide a frame which defines the job to be done, integrates them
in a logical sequence and provides a system of control over the progress of plan.
Objectives of CPM and PERT:
 To plan, schedule and control the project consisting of a no. of inter related activities.
 To define and integrate the tasks in a logical sequence.
 These techniques show the precedence relationship.
 Sequence of operation can be known.
 To focus management attention on the most critical activities.
 To know the progress of the work as related to the scheduling timing.
 To plan the best possible use of resources to achieve a given goal within overall time and cost limitations.
 It provides the basis for determining manpower, material and capital requirement.
 Network analysis helps in designing, planning, co-ordinating, controlling and decision making in order to accomplish
the project economically in the minimum available time with the limited resources.

Characteristics of PERT and CPM:


• The project should consist of clearly recognizable jobs or operations usually called activities.
• These jobs , operations and activities must have definite commencement and completion.
• The events must occur in a definite pattern and must be performed in a technological sequence.
Sl. No. PERT CPM
1 PERT is a probabilistic model with uncertainty in activity CPM is a deterministic model with well known activity
duration. activity duration is calculated from to, tp &tm by duration
relation te =

2 It is an event oriented approach It is an activity oriented approach


3 PERT terminology uses word like network diagram event CPM terminology sues word like arrow diagram nodes
and slack and floats

4 The use of dummy activity is required for representing the No dummy activity
proper sequencing

5 PERT basically does not demarcate between critical and CPM marks the critical activity
noncritical activity

6 PERT is applied in projects where resources are always CPM in applied to projects where minimum overall cost
available is the prime importance.

7 PERT is suitable in defense project & R &D, where activity Suitable for plant maintenance, civil construction projects
time can't be readily predicted etc. where activity duration is known.
Rules for Network Construction
 The network should have a unique starting node (tail event) and unique completion node (head event).
No activity should be represented by more than one arrow (→) in the network.
No two activities should have the same starting node and same ending node.
Dummy activity is an imaginary activity indicating precedent relationship only. Duration of dummy activity is zero.
The length of arrow bear no relationship to activity time.
The arrow in a network identifies the logical condition of dependence.
The direction of arrow indicates the direction of work flow.
All networks are constructed logically or based on the principal of dependency.
No event can be reached in a project before the completion of precedence activity.
Every activity in the network should be completed to reach the objective.
No set of activities should form a circular loop.
• Example
A project consists of the following activities and time estimates.

Activity Least Greatest Most likely time


time/optimistic time/Pessimistic (tm), days
time (to), days time (tp), days
1-2 3 15 6
1-3 2 14 5
1-4 6 30 12
2-5 2 8 5
2-6 5 17 11
3-6 3 15 6
4-7 3 27 9
5-7 1 7 4
6-7 2 8 5

Construct the network. Determine the expected task time. Show the critical path. What is the project duration.
• Assignment
A project schedule has the following characteristics:

Activity 1-2 1-4 1-7 2-3 3-6 4-5 4-8 5-6 6-9 7-8 8-9
Duration (days) 2 2 1 4 1 5 8 4 3 5 5

Construct the network and locate the critical path. Calculate the various time estimates and floats.

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