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Python Viva Theory Answers

The document provides a comprehensive overview of Python concepts including control flow, functions, file handling, object-oriented programming, and libraries. Key topics include the differences between loops, recursion, exception handling, classes, and the use of libraries like NumPy and Pandas. It serves as a guide for understanding essential Python programming principles and practices.

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2 views

Python Viva Theory Answers

The document provides a comprehensive overview of Python concepts including control flow, functions, file handling, object-oriented programming, and libraries. Key topics include the differences between loops, recursion, exception handling, classes, and the use of libraries like NumPy and Pandas. It serves as a guide for understanding essential Python programming principles and practices.

Uploaded by

chhajedyashrajdhiraj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python Viva Theory Answers (Control Flow to Libraries)

2. Control Flow and Functions

Q: Difference between if, elif, and else statements

A: The 'if' statement checks the first condition. If it's false, 'elif' checks the next condition. 'else' runs when

none of the above conditions are true.

Q: Difference between for and while loops

A: 'for' loop is used for iterating over a sequence (like a list, tuple). 'while' loop runs as long as a condition is

true.

Q: What is an infinite loop? How to prevent it?

A: An infinite loop runs forever unless stopped. To prevent it, ensure loop conditions eventually become false.

Q: Recursion with example

A: Recursion is when a function calls itself. Example: factorial(n) = n * factorial(n-1).

Q: Functions, default arguments, and parameters

A: Functions are blocks of reusable code. Default arguments take a value if none is provided. Parameters are

inputs to functions.

Q: Local vs Global variables

A: Local variables are declared inside functions and not accessible outside. Global variables are accessible

everywhere.

Q: Return statement

A: The 'return' statement ends a function and optionally returns a value.

3. File Handling, Packaging, and Debugging

Q: Open and read a file

A: Use open('filename', 'r') to read a file. Then use read() or readline() to get its content.

Q: Modes: r, w, a

A: 'r' = read, 'w' = write (overwrite), 'a' = append (add to end).

Q: Exception handling

A: Use try-except blocks to handle errors and avoid crashes.

Q: Types of errors

A: SyntaxError, TypeError, ValueError, etc.

Q: Try-except-else-finally
A: 'try' runs code, 'except' handles errors, 'else' runs if no error, 'finally' runs no matter what.

Q: Python packages and modules

A: Packages are directories with __init__.py. Modules are .py files. Both help organize code.

Q: Creating a package

A: Make a directory, add __init__.py and other .py files. Import using 'import package.module'.

4. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Python

Q: Classes and objects

A: A class is a blueprint; an object is an instance of a class.

Q: Encapsulation and access modifiers

A: Encapsulation hides data. Use '_' for protected, '__' for private, nothing for public.

Q: Inheritance

A: Inheritance lets one class inherit from another. Example: class Child(Parent):

Q: Types of inheritance

A: Single, Multiple, Multilevel, Hierarchical, Hybrid.

Q: Polymorphism

A: Same method name, different behaviors. Example: len() works on list and string.

Q: Overloading vs Overriding

A: Overloading = same function name with different params (not native in Python). Overriding = subclass

changes parent method.

Q: Class vs instance variables

A: Class variables are shared, instance variables are unique to each object.

Q: Constructor and methods

A: __init__() is a constructor. Methods are functions in classes.

Q: self keyword

A: 'self' refers to the instance calling the method.

6. Python Libraries

Q: NumPy

A: NumPy is a library for numerical computations and handling arrays.

Q: Create NumPy array

A: Use numpy.array([1,2,3]) to create an array.

Q: Advantages of Pandas
A: Pandas offers data structures and tools for data manipulation and analysis.

Q: Matplotlib

A: Matplotlib is used to create static, animated, and interactive visualizations.

Q: List vs NumPy array

A: NumPy arrays are faster and consume less memory than Python lists.

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