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Brief Introduction On Current Research Areas - Autoencoders

Autoencoders are neural networks designed for unsupervised learning, focusing on data compression and feature extraction by encoding input data into a lower-dimensional representation and then reconstructing it. They are widely used in various applications such as anomaly detection, data denoising, image inpainting, and information retrieval. The training process involves optimizing a cost function to minimize the reconstruction error between the input and output.

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5 views20 pages

Brief Introduction On Current Research Areas - Autoencoders

Autoencoders are neural networks designed for unsupervised learning, focusing on data compression and feature extraction by encoding input data into a lower-dimensional representation and then reconstructing it. They are widely used in various applications such as anomaly detection, data denoising, image inpainting, and information retrieval. The training process involves optimizing a cost function to minimize the reconstruction error between the input and output.

Uploaded by

devanand272003
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Brief introduction on current research

areas - Autoencoders

Mr. Sivadasan E T
Associate Professor
Vidya Academy of Science and Technology, Thrissur
Autoencoders - Overview

An autoencoder is a type of neural network designed to learn efficient


representations of input data in an unsupervised manner. It consists of
two parts:
1. Encoder: Compresses input data into a lower-dimensional
representation.
2. Decoder: Reconstructs the original data from this compressed
representation.
The goal of an autoencoder is to minimize the difference between the
input and the reconstructed output, typically measured using mean
squared error (MSE) or cross-entropy loss.
Autoencoders - Overview

The main difference between Autoencoders and Principal Component


Analysis (PCA) is that while PCA finds the directions along which you
can project the data with maximum variance, Autoencoders reconstruct
our original input given just a compressed version of it.
Autoencoders - Architecture

- Bottleneck/Code
- Knowledge representation of the input
- Eg: maximum information passed by an image is captured
Autoencoders - Architecture
Autoencoders - Architecture
Autoencoders - Architecture
Autoencoders - Architecture
Autoencoders - Architecture
Autoencoders - Architecture
Brief Introduction to Current Research Areas – Autoencoders

 Autoencoders are a class of neural networks used for


unsupervised learning, particularly for data compression,
feature extraction, and anomaly detection.
 The fundamental principle behind autoencoders is
learning an efficient representation (encoding) of input
data and then reconstructing it back (decoding) with
minimal loss of information.
Training Autoencoders:

Training an autoencoder is unsupervised in the sense that


no labeled data is needed.
The training process is still based on the optimization of
a cost function.
The cost function measures the error between the input x
and its reconstruction at the output x ^ .
An autoencoder is composed of an encoder and a
decoder.
Training Autoencoders:

When you're building an autoencoder, there are a few


things to keep in mind.
First, the code or bottleneck size is the most critical
hyperparameter to tune the autoencoder.
It decides how much data has to be compressed. It can
also act as a regularization term.
Secondly, it's important to remember that the number of
layers is critical when tuning autoencoders.
Training Autoencoders:

A higher depth increases model complexity, but a lower


depth is faster to process.
Thirdly, you should pay attention to how many nodes
you use per layer.
The number of nodes decreases with each subsequent
layer in the autoencoder as the input to each layer
becomes smaller across the layers.
Training Autoencoders:

An autoencoder whose code dimension is less than the


input dimension is called undercomplete.
An autoencoder whose code dimension is more than the
input dimension is called overcomplete.
Learning an undercomplete representation forces the
autoencoder to capture the most salient features of the
training data.
Training Autoencoders:
The learning process is described simply as minimizing a
loss function

L(x, g(f(x)))

where L is a loss function penalizing g(f (x)) for being


dissimilar from x, such as the mean squared error.
Autoencoders - Current Research Areas

1. Representation Learning and Feature Extraction:


Autoencoders are widely used to learn meaningful feature
representations from raw data, making them valuable in
image processing, speech recognition, and natural language
processing.
Autoencoders - Current Research Areas
Autoencoders have various use-cases like:
Anomaly detection: autoencoders can identify data
anomalies using a loss function that penalizes model
complexity.
It can be helpful for anomaly detection in financial
markets, where you can use it to identify unusual activity
and predict market trends.
Data denoising image and audio: autoencoders can help
clean up noisy pictures or audio files. You can also use
them to remove noise from images or audio recordings.
Autoencoders - Current Research Areas
Image inpainting: autoencoders have been used to fill in
gaps in images by learning how to reconstruct missing pixels
based on surrounding pixels.
For example, if you're trying to restore an old photograph
that's missing part of its right side, the autoencoder could
learn how to fill in the missing details based on what it
knows about the rest of the photo.
Information retrieval: autoencoders can be used as content-
based image retrieval systems that allow users to search for
images based on their content.
Thank You!

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