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SCR B

The document explains the two transistor model of SCR, detailing how a small gate current can lead to saturation and heavy current flow through the load. It defines important terms such as holding current, latching current, and forward break over voltage, and discusses the concept of commutation, which is essential for turning off thyristors. Additionally, it outlines the methods for turning on a SCR, including forward break over voltage and gate triggering.

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11 views8 pages

SCR B

The document explains the two transistor model of SCR, detailing how a small gate current can lead to saturation and heavy current flow through the load. It defines important terms such as holding current, latching current, and forward break over voltage, and discusses the concept of commutation, which is essential for turning off thyristors. Additionally, it outlines the methods for turning on a SCR, including forward break over voltage and gate triggering.

Uploaded by

sachin732732
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Two Transistor Model of SCR

When the switch S is closed, a small gate current will flow through the
base of T2 which means its collector current increase. The collector
current of T2 is the base current of T1. Therefore, collector current of T1
is increases. But the collector current of T1 is the base current of T2. This
action is accumulative since an increase of current in the other
transistor. As a result of this action, both transistors are driven to
saturation, and heavy current flows through the load.
Important terms of SCR
When SCR is turned ON, the current flows from anode to cathode. This
current is termed with two different definitions.
Holding current IH:
 “It may be defined as the minimum value of anode current below which
the SCR stops conducting and comes back to its OFF state”
* Generally, this current is a very small in terms of milliampiers.
Latching currant IL:
 “It may be defined as the minimum ON state current required to keep
the SCR in the ON state after the removal of triggering gate pulse.”
* IL is always larger than IH
Forward Break over Voltage:
 The applied voltage at which SCR conducts heavily without gate voltage
is called Break over voltage (VBO).
Thyristor Turn- Off (commutation)
 The term commutation basically means the transfer of current from one path
to another.In thyristor circuits, this term is used to describe process of
transferring current from one thyristor to another. As explained earlier, it is not
possible for a thyristor to turn itself OFF. The circuit in which it is connected
must reduce the thyristor current to zero to enable it to turn-off.
‘Commutation’ is the tern to describe the methods of achieving this.

 Commutation is the one of the fundamental principles in behind the use of


thyristors for control purposes. A thyristor can only operate in two modes; it is
either in the OFF state, i.e., open circuit or in the ON state, i.e., short circuit by
itself it cannot control the level of current or voltage in a circuit. Control can
only be achieved by variation in the time thyristor when switched ON and OFF,
and commutation is central to this switching process. All thyristor circuit
therefore, involves the cyclic or sequential switching of thyristors. There are, in
general, two methods by which a thyristor can be commutated, they are
 Natural commutation
 Forced commutation
Natural commutation

 The simplest and most widely used method of


commutation makes use of the alternating reversing nature
of a.c voltage to affect the current transfer; we know that in
a.c. circuits, the current always passes through zero every
half cycle. As the current passes through natural zero, a
reverse voltage will simultaneously appear across the
device. This immediately turns-off the device. This process
is called as natural commutation since no external circuit is
required for this purpose this method may use .a.c mains
supply voltages or the a.c voltage generated by local
rotating machines or resonant circuits. The line
commutated converters and inverter come under this
category.
Forced Commutation
Once thyristor are operating in the ON state, carrying
forward current, they can only by turned OFF by reducing
the current flowing through them to zero for sufficient
time to allow the removal of charged carried. In case of d.c
circuits, for switching off the thyristor, the forward current
should be forced to be zero by means of some external
circuits. The process is called forced commutation and the
external circuits required for it are known as commutation
circuits. The components (inductor and capacitor) which
constitute the commutating circuits are called as
commutating components. A reverse voltage is developed
across the device to zero, thus turning off the device.
Thyristor Turn- On Method
There are five methods of triggering to turn on a
SCR.
These are:
➢ Forward Break over voltage
➢ Rate of change voltage
➢ Light triggering
➢ Thermal triggering
➢ Gate triggering
Thanks to all

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