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Lecture 3

Power system planning involves developing technically and economically sound structures for generation, transmission, and distribution networks while adapting to changes in technical, economic, and political factors. It requires a systematic approach that includes load and energy forecasting, equipment standardization, and consideration of ecological impacts. The planning process is divided into basic, development, and project planning phases, each with specific tasks and time horizons to ensure reliable and efficient power supply.

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9 views4 pages

Lecture 3

Power system planning involves developing technically and economically sound structures for generation, transmission, and distribution networks while adapting to changes in technical, economic, and political factors. It requires a systematic approach that includes load and energy forecasting, equipment standardization, and consideration of ecological impacts. The planning process is divided into basic, development, and project planning phases, each with specific tasks and time horizons to ensure reliable and efficient power supply.

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Aghaali Zeynalli
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Needs for Power System Planning

Power system planning must take due consideration of the restrictions mentioned
above and must develop concepts and structures which are technically and
economically sound. This includes the planning and project engineering of
generation systems, transmission and distribution networks, and optimization of
systems structures and equipment, in order to enable flexible and economic
operation in the long as well as the short term. Power system planning also has to
react to changes in the technical, economic and political restrictions. Key activities
are the planning and construction of power stations, the associated planning of
transmission and distribution systems, considerations of long -term supply
contracts for primary energy, and cost analysis.

The systematic planning of power systems is an indispensable part of power


system engineering, but it must not be limited to the planning of individual system
components or determination of the major parameters of equipment, which can
result in suboptimal solutions. Power system engineering must incorporate familiar
aspects regarding technical and economic possibility, but also those that are
sometimes diffi cult to quantify, such as the following:

– Load forecast for the power system under consideration for a period of several
years
– Energy forecast in the long term
– Standardization, availability, exchangeability and compatibility of equipment
– Standardized rated parameters of equipment
– Restrictions on system operation
– Feasibility with regard to technical, financial and time aspects
– Political acceptance
– Ecological and environmental compatibility.
Power system engineering and power system planning require a systematic
approach, which has to take into account the fi nancial and time restrictions of the
investigations as well as to cope with all the technical and economic aspects for the
analysis of complex problem defi nitions. Planning of power systems and project
engineering of installations are initiated by:

– Demand from customers for supply of higher load, or connection of new


production plants in industry
– Demand for higher short - circuit power to cover requirements of power quality at
the connection point (point of common coupling)
– Construction of large buildings, such as shopping centers, offi ce buildings or
department stores
– Planning of industrial areas or extension of production processes in industry with
requirement of additional power
– Planning of new residential areas
– General increase in electricity demand.
Basic, Development and Project Planning

Power system planning is based on a reliable load forecast which takes into
account the developments in the power system mentioned above. The load
increase of households, commercial and industrial customers is affected by the
overall economic development of the country, by classification by land
development plans, by fi scal incentives and taxes (for example, for the use or
promotion of “ green energy” ) and by political measures. Needs for power
system planning also arise as a result of changed technical boundary conditions,
such as the replacement of old installations and equipment, introduction of new
standards and regulations, construction of new power stations and fundamental
changes in the scenario of energy production, for example, by installation of
photovoltaic generation. The objective of power system planning is the
determination and justification of system topologies, schemes for substations and
the main parameters of equipment considering the criteria of economy, security
and reliability.

Further aspects must be defined apart from the load forecast:


– The information database of the existing power system with respect to
geographical, topological and electrical parameters
– Information about rights -o f- w ay, right of possession and space requirements
for substations and line routes
– Information about investment and operational costs of installations
– Information about the costs of losses
– Knowledge of norms, standards and regulations.
The fundamental relations of power system planning are outlined in Figure 1.1 .

Basic, Development and Project Planning

Load forecast, power system planning and project engineering are assigned to
special time intervals, defi ning partially the tasks to be carried out. Generally
three steps of planning are to be considered – basic planning, development
planning and project planning –w hich cover different time periods as outlined in
Figure 1.2.

Basic Planning
For all voltage levels the fundamental system concepts are defi ned:
standardization of equipment, neutral earthing concepts, nominal voltages and
basics of power system operation. The planning horizon is up to 10 years in low -
voltage systems and can exceed 20 years in high - voltage transmission systems.

System Development Planning

Detailed planning of the system topology is carried out based on the load forecast.
Alternative concepts are analyzed technically by load - fl ow calculations,

1000

100
Voltagelevel (kV)

B
S
P
10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Planninghorizon (years)
Figure 1.2 S teps of planning at different voltage levels. P,
project planning; S, system development planning; B, basic planning.

Instruments for Power System Planning

short- circuit analysis and stability computations. Cost estimates are also carried
out. Disturbance and operational statistics are evaluated and locations for
installations are determined. The main parameters of equipment, such as cross -
section of overhead lines and cables, short - circuit impedance of transformers are
defined. The planning horizon is approximately fi ve years in a low -voltage
system and up to 10 years for a high - voltage transmission system.

Project Planning

The projects defi ned in the system development planning stage are implemented.
Typical tasks of the project engineering are the connection types of new
customers, connection of new substations to the power system, restructuring
measures, evaluation of information on system loading, preparation of tender
documents and evaluation of offers, supervising construction contracts, cost
calculation and cost control. Project planning covers a time range of one year in
the low - voltage system and up to four years in the high - voltage system.

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