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DBMS Full Notes BCA

The document provides comprehensive notes on Database Management Systems (DBMS), covering topics such as database models, architecture, normalization, SQL commands, and transaction management. It highlights the differences between DBMS and file systems, discusses various types of databases including NoSQL and distributed databases, and explains concepts like data warehousing and data mining. Additionally, it addresses key features like indexing, views, stored procedures, and concurrency control.

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Paras Parsodkar
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4 views4 pages

DBMS Full Notes BCA

The document provides comprehensive notes on Database Management Systems (DBMS), covering topics such as database models, architecture, normalization, SQL commands, and transaction management. It highlights the differences between DBMS and file systems, discusses various types of databases including NoSQL and distributed databases, and explains concepts like data warehousing and data mining. Additionally, it addresses key features like indexing, views, stored procedures, and concurrency control.

Uploaded by

Paras Parsodkar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DBMS Full Notes - BCA

1. Introduction to DBMS

A DBMS is a software system that enables users to define, create, maintain, and control access to

databases. Examples include MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, and PostgreSQL. Features include data

redundancy control, data integrity, data security, and backup & recovery.

2. Database Models

Hierarchical: Tree-like structure.

Network: Graph-based structure.

Relational: Table-based.

Object-Oriented: Uses objects.

3. DBMS vs File System

DBMS is more secure, supports ACID properties, and reduces redundancy, unlike file systems.

4. DBMS Architecture

1-tier: Direct DB access.

2-tier: Application & DB layers.

3-tier: Presentation, Application & DB layers.

5. Data Models

ER Model: Uses entities and relationships.

Relational Model: Uses tables (relations).

6. ER Model Concepts
DBMS Full Notes - BCA

Entities are real-world objects.

Attributes are their properties.

Primary Key uniquely identifies an entity.

Relationships link entities.

7. Keys in DBMS

Primary, Candidate, Foreign, Super, Composite Keys - each helps uniquely identify data in tables.

8. Normalization

1NF: Atomic values.

2NF: No partial dependency.

3NF: No transitive dependency.

BCNF: Stronger form of 3NF.

9. SQL

DDL: CREATE, ALTER, DROP.

DML: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE.

DCL: GRANT, REVOKE.

TCL: COMMIT, ROLLBACK.

10. Relational Algebra

Operations: SELECT, PROJECT, UNION, SET DIFFERENCE, CARTESIAN PRODUCT, JOIN.

11. Transactions and Concurrency Control


DBMS Full Notes - BCA

ACID properties ensure correct transaction behavior. Concurrency control ensures correct execution of

simultaneous transactions.

12. Indexing

Speeds up data retrieval. Types: Primary, Secondary, Clustered, Non-clustered.

13. Database Users

DBA, End Users (Casual, Naive, Sophisticated), and Application Programmers.

14. Backup and Recovery

Backup saves data periodically. Recovery restores data after failure.

15. Joins in SQL

INNER, LEFT, RIGHT, FULL, SELF JOINS - retrieve data across multiple tables.

16. Views in DBMS

Virtual tables created using queries. Used for security and simplicity.

17. Stored Procedures and Functions

Stored procedures are reusable SQL blocks. Functions return a value.

18. Triggers

Automatic procedures executed during events like INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE.


DBMS Full Notes - BCA

19. Cursor

A pointer to navigate row-by-row through a result set.

20. Deadlock

Occurs when transactions wait indefinitely. Prevented by timeout, wait-die, wound-wait.

21. Data Warehousing

Used for analysis and reporting. Components include ETL, Data Marts, OLAP.

22. Data Mining

Finding patterns in large data. Techniques: Classification, Clustering, Association, Regression.

23. Distributed Databases

Databases spread across locations. Can be homogeneous or heterogeneous.

24. NoSQL Databases

For unstructured/semi-structured data. Types: Document, Key-Value, Column, Graph.

25. Big Data and DBMS

Big data refers to very large datasets. Tools include Hadoop, Spark; DBMS helps manage structured data.

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