NSTP-CWTS

DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION,
AWARENESS
AND
PREPAREDNESS
OBJECTIVES:
• To know the kinds of disasters
• To know about first aid, health and safety
awareness before, during and after the
disasters.
• To know the proper measures to be taken to
in preparation and to reduce the effects of
such disaster.
DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION,
AWARENESS
AND
PREPAREDNESS
 DISASTER
A serious disruption occurring over
a short or long period of time that
causes widespread human,
material, economic or
environmental loss which exceeds
the ability of the affected community
or society to cope using its own
resources.
TYPES OF DISASTER
1.Earthquake 5. Tornado
2.Tsunami 6. Flood
3.Volcanic Eruption 7. Epidemic
4.Tropical Cyclone We will include 8. Fire Disaster
1. EARTHQUAKE
An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor
or temblor) is the shaking of the surface of the
Earth resulting from a sudden release of
energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates
seismic waves.
 THE RICHER MAGNITUDE SCALE OF EARTHQUAKE
Annual
Descriptor Magnitude Hazard Potential
average
8 and
1. Great Earthquake 1 Total destruction, high loss of life
higher
Serious building damage, major
2. Major Earthquake 7-7.9 18
loss of life
Large losses, especially in urban
3. Strong Eathquake 6-6.9 120
areas
Significant losses in populated
4. Moderate Earthquake 5-5.9 800
areas
5. light Earthquake 4-4.9 6,200 usually felt, some structure damage
Typically felt but usually little
6. Minor Earthquake 3-3.9 49,000
damage
9,000 per
7. Very Minor Earthquake less than 3 Not felt but recorded
day
According to the Special Report of gulfnews.com
The 5 deadliest earthquakes in the Philippines had been document in the 20th
century.

1. 1976 - Moro Gulf earthquake, Magnitude: 7.9, Casualties: 8,000 (estimate)

2. 1990 - Luzon earthquake, Magnitude: 7.8, Casualties: 1,621
3. 1968 - Casiguran earthquake, Magnitude: 7.3, Casualties: 270
4. 2013- Bohol earthquake; Magnitude: 7.2, Casualties: 150
5. 1994- Mindoro earthquake, Magnitude: 7.1, Casualties: 78

An average of 28 earthquakes per day were recorded in the Philippines from January
7 to February 7, 2021, most of which are below magnitude 2, which cannot normally
be felt.
TO THE REPORTER: RESEARCH FOR
NEW UPDATES ON THE DEADLIEST
EARTHQUAKE IN THE PHILIPPINES AS
OF 2024
WHAT TO DO BEFORE AN EARTHQUAKE
•Make sure you have a fire extinguisher, first
aid kit, a battery-powered radio, a flashlight,
and extra batteries at home.
•Learn first aid.
•Learn how to turn off the gas, water, and
electricity
WHAT TO DO BEFORE AN EARTHQUAKE
•Make up a plan of where to meet your family
after an earthquake.
•Don't leave heavy objects on shelves (they'll
fall during a quake).
•Anchor heavy furniture, cupboards, and
appliances to the walls or floor.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE AN EARTHQUAKE

•Learn the earthquake plan at your school or

workplace.
•Before, during and after any disaster, please
don’t forget to have faith in God
WHAT TO DO DURING AN EARTHQUAKE
•Stay calm! If you're indoors, stay inside. If
you're outside, stay outside.
•If you're indoors, stand against a wall near the
center of the building, stand in a doorway, or
crawl under heavy furniture (a desk or table).
Stay away from windows and outside doors.
WHAT TO DO DURING AN EARTHQUAKE

•If you're outdoors, stay in the open away

from power lines or anything that might fall.
Stay away from buildings (stuff might fall off
the building or the building could fall on you).
•Don't use matches, candles, or any flame.
Broken gas lines and fire don't mix.
WHAT TO DO DURING AN EARTHQUAKE

•If you're in a car, stop the car and stay

inside the car until the earthquake
stops.
•Don't use elevators (they'll probably get
stuck anyway).
WHAT TO DO AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE
•Check yourself and others for injuries. Provide
first aid for anyone who needs it.
•Check water, gas, and electric lines for damage.
If any are damaged, shut off the valves. Check
for the smell of gas. If you smell it, open all the
windows and doors, leave immediately, and
report it to the authorities
WHAT TO DO AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE
•Turn on the radio. Don't use the phone
unless it's an emergency.
•Stay out of damaged buildings.
•Be careful around broken glass and debris.
Wear boots or sturdy shoes to keep from
cutting your feet.
WHAT TO DO AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE
•Be careful of chimneys (they may fall on
you).
•Stay away from beaches. Tsunamis
sometimes hit after the ground has
stopped shaking.
•Stay away from damaged areas.
WHAT TO DO AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE
•Be careful of chimneys (they may fall on
you).
•Stay away from beaches. Tsunamis
sometimes hit after the ground has
stopped shaking.
•Stay away from damaged areas.
2. TSUNAMI
The word “tsunami” comes from two
Japanese words tsu (port or harbor) and
name (wave or sea), an appropriate
derivation since these waves inundate low
lying coastal areas.
From National Geography, A tsunami is a
series of ocean waves that sends surges of
water, sometimes reaching heights of over
100 feet (30.5 meters), onto land. These
walls of water can cause widespread
destruction when they crash ashore.
Most tsunamis–about 80 percent–
happen within the Pacific Ocean’s
“Ring of Fire,” a geologically active
area where tectonic shifts make
volcanoes and earthquakes common
Tsunamis may also be caused by underwater
landslides or volcanic eruptions. Tsunamis race
across the sea at up to 500 miles (805 kilometers) an
hour—about as fast as a jet airplane. At that pace,
they can cross the entire expanse of the Pacific
Ocean in less than a day. And their long wavelengths
mean they lose very little energy along the way.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE A TSUNAMI
•Be alert to signs of a tsunami, such as a
sudden rise or draining of ocean waters.
•Listen to emergency information and alerts.
•Evacuate: DO NOT wait! Leave as soon as you
see any natural signs of a tsunami or receive
an official tsunami warning.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE A TSUNAMI
•If you live near, or regularly visit a
coastal area, learn about the risk of
tsunami in the area. Some at-risk
communities have maps with
evacuation zones and routes. If you are
a visitor, ask about community plans.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE A TSUNAMI

•Create a family emergency

communication plan that has an out-of-
state contact. Plan where to meet if you
get separated.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE A TSUNAMI

•Always follow the instructions from

local emergency units. They provide the
latest recommendations based on the
threat in your community.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE A TSUNAMI

•Check with local authorities for the latest

information about public shelters. Know
and practice community evacuation plans
and map out your routes from home, work,
and play. Pick shelters 100 feet or more
above sea level, or at least one mile inland.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE A TSUNAMI

•If you must evacuate to a public shelter,

try to bring items that can help protect
yourself and your family from COVID-19.
•Before, during and after any disaster,
please don’t forget to have faith in God.
WHAT TO DO DURING A TSUNAMI
•Get to high ground as far inland as
possible.
•If you are in a tsunami area and there is an
earthquake, then first protect yourself
from the earthquake.
Drop, Cover, and Hold On.
WHAT TO DO DURING A TSUNAMI
•When the shaking stops, if there are natural
signs or official warnings of a tsunami, then
move immediately to a safe place as high
and as far inland as possible. Listen to the
authorities, but do not wait for tsunami
warnings and evacuation orders.
WHAT TO DO DURING A TSUNAMI
•If you are in the water, then grab onto
something that floats, such as a raft, tree
trunk, or door.
•If you are in a boat, then face the direction
of the waves and head out to sea. If you are
in a harbor, then go inland.
WHAT TO DO AFTER A TSUNAMI
•Listen to local alerts and authorities for
information on areas to avoid and safe
evacuation centers.
•Avoid wading in floodwater, which can
contain dangerous debris. Water may be
deeper than it appears.
WHAT TO DO AFTER A TSUNAMI

•Be aware of the risk of electrocution.

Underground or downed power lines can
electrically charge water. Do not touch
electrical equipment if it is wet or if you are
standing in water.
WHAT TO DO AFTER A TSUNAMI

•If you become injured or sick and need

medical attention, contact your healthcare
provider for further care instructions and
shelter in place.
•Stay away from damaged buildings, roads,
and bridges.
WHAT TO DO AFTER A TSUNAMI

•Document property damage with photographs.

Conduct an inventory and contact your
insurance company for assistance.
•Save phone calls for emergencies. Phone
systems are often down or busy after a
disaster.
WHAT TO DO AFTER A TSUNAMI
•Use text messages or social media to
communicate with family and friends.
•Engage virtually with your community through
video and phone calls. Know that it’s normal
to feel anxious or stressed. Take care of your
body and talk to someone if you are feeling
upset.
3. TROPICAL CYCLONE

Tropical cyclones are one

of the biggest threats to
life and property even in
the formative stages of
their development.
They include a number of different hazards
that can individually cause significant
impacts on life and property, such as storm
surge, flooding, extreme winds, tornadoes
and lighting. Combined, these hazards
interact with one another and substantially
increase the potential for loss of life and
material damage.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE A TYPHOON
•Store an adequate supply of food and
clean water. Prepare foods that need
not be cooked.
•Keep flashlight, candles and battery-
powered radios within easy reach.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE A TYPHOON

•Examine your house and repair its

unstable parts.
•Always keep yourself updated with
the latest weather report.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE A TYPHOON
•Examine your house and repair its unstable
parts.
•Always keep yourself updated with the latest
weather report.
•Should you need to evacuate bring clothes, first
aid kit, candles/flashlight, battery-powered
radio, food, etc.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE A TYPHOON
•Examine your house and repair its
unstable parts.
•Always keep yourself updated with the
latest weather report.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE A TYPHOON
•Should you need to evacuate bring
clothes, first aid kit, candles/flashlight,
battery-powered radio, food, etc.
•Before, during and after any disaster,
please don’t forget to have faith in God.
WHAT TO DO DURING A TYPHOON
•Stay inside the house.
•Always keep yourself updated with the
latest weather report.
•If safe drinking water is not available,
boil water for at least 20 minutes. place
it in a container with cover.
WHAT TO DO DURING A TYPHOON
•Keep an eye on lighted candles or gas
lamps.
•Do not wade through floodwaters to
avoid being electrocuted and
contracting diseases.
WHAT TO DO DURING A TYPHOON
• If there is a need to move to an evacuation center, follow these
reminder:
➢Evacuate calmly.
➢Close the windows and turn off the main power switch.
➢Put important appliances and belonging in a high
ground.
➢Avoid the way leading to the river.
WHAT TO DO AFTER A TYPHOON
•If your house was destroyed, make sure that it is
already safe and stable when you enter. Watch out
for live wires or outlet immersed in water.
•Report damaged electrical posts to the authorities.
•Do not let water accumulate in tires, cans or pots to
avoid creating a favourable condition for mosquito
breeding.
4. FLOOD
• An overflow of water that
submerges land that is usually
dry. Floods are an area of
study in the discipline of
hydrology.
• The most common and
widespread natural severe
weather event.
 FLOOD ALERT
• yellow rainfall advisory is • The orange rainfall • A red rainfall advisory is issued
when downpours constitute an
raised when the expected advisory is raised in areas
emergency. This is raised when
rainfall amount is where rainfall is between observed rainfall is more than
between 7.5 mm and 15 mm and 30 mm within 30 mm within one hour or if
15 mm within one hour one hour. Flooding is a rainfall has continued for the
and likely to continue. definite threat in past three hours and is more
than 65 mm.
communities under the
• Communities given this orange alert. • When PAGASA raises a Red
advisory are advised to be warning, communities should be
aware of the weather prepared to respond. It means
condition and warned that serious flooding is seen and that
residents should be ready to
flooding may be possible
evacuate to safety.
in low-lying areas.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE A FLOOD

1. Know if your place is risk for

floods.
2. Be updated in weather news and
information from authorities.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE A FLOOD
3. Make a evacuation plan for your household,
including your pets, so that you and your family
know what to do, where to go, and what you will
need to protect yourselves from flooding. Learn
and practice evacuation routes, shelter plans,
and flash flood response.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE A FLOOD
4. Gather supplies, including non-perishable
foods, cleaning supplies, and water for
several days, in case you must leave
immediately or if services are cut off in your
area.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE A FLOOD
5. Keep important documents in a
waterproof container. Create password-
protected digital copies. Protect your
property. Move valuables to higher levels.
Declutter drains and gutters.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE A FLOOD
6. Before, during and after any disaster,
please don’t forget to have faith in God
WHAT TO DO DURING A FLOOD
1. Evacuate immediately, if told to evacuate. Never
drive around barricades. Local responders use them
to safely direct traffic out of flooded areas.
2. Contact your healthcare provider If you are sick
and need medical attention. Wait for further care
instructions and shelter in place, if possible.
WHAT TO DO DURING A FLOOD
3. Listen to Weather Radio or local alerting systems
for current emergency information and instructions
regarding flooding.
4. Do not walk, swim or drive through flood waters.
Turn Around. Don’t Drown!
WHAT TO DO DURING A FLOOD
5. Stay off bridges over fast-moving water.
Fast-moving water can wash bridges away
without warning.
6. Get on the roof if water is rising inside the car.
WHAT TO DO DURING A FLOOD
7. Get to the highest level if trapped in a building. Only
get on the roof if necessary and once their signal for
help. Do not climb into a closed attic to avoid getting
trapped by rising floodwater.
WHAT TO DO AFTER A FLOOD
1. Pay attention to authorities for information and
instructions. Return home only when authorities say it is
safe.
2. Avoid driving except in emergencies.
3. Wear heavy work gloves, protective clothing and boots
during clean up and use appropriate face coverings or
masks if cleaning mold or other debris.
WHAT TO DO AFTER A FLOOD
4. People with asthma and other lung conditions
and/or immune suppression should not enter
buildings with indoor water leaks or mold growth that
can be seen or smelled. Children should not take part
in disaster cleanup work.
5. Be aware that snakes and other animals may be in
your house.
WHAT TO DO AFTER A FLOOD
6. Be aware of the risk of electrocution. Do not touch
electrical equipment if it is wet or if you are standing in
water. Turn off the electricity to prevent electric shock if it is
safe to do so.
7. Avoid wading in floodwater, which can be contaminated
and contain dangerous debris. Underground or downed
power lines can also electrically charge the water.
WHAT TO DO AFTER A FLOOD
8. Use a generator or other gasoline-powered machinery
ONLY outdoors and away from windows.
5. VOLCANIC ERUPTION

A volcanic eruption is the

expulsion of gases, rock
fragments, and/or molten lava
from within the Earth through a
vent onto the Earth's surface or
into the atmosphere. Illustration
of the basic process of magma
formation, movement to the
surface, and eruption through a
volcanic vent.
A volcanic eruption may involve lava and
other debris that can flow up to 100 mph,
destroying everything in their path.
Volcanic ash can travel 100s of miles
and cause severe health problems.
 ACTIVE VOLCANOES IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. MOUNT MAYON – ALBAY

• One of the most impressive Philippine landmarks
• With an elevation of 2,462 meters
• Erupted at least 51 times from 1616 up to present.
• The first recorded eruption of Mount Mayon was seen in
February 1616 by Dutch explorer Joris Van Spilbergen.
• One of the most remarkable and most devastating
eruptions of Mount Mayon was its eruption in 1766 that
erased the town of Cagsawa in the Philippine map.
• This 1766 volcanic eruption killed 2,200 people in
Albay.
• Ash was reported to be as deep as 30 feet (9 meters).
 ACTIVE VOLCANOES IN THE PHILIPPINES
2. TAAL VOLCANO – BATANGAS
• Situated within Taal Lake, . It has an elevation of 400 meters
• the world’s most active smallest volcano.
• Erupted 33 times from 1572 to the present.
• Its largest eruption in 1754 that lasted from May through December.
• The January 1911 eruption of the Taal Volcano is considered as one of
the most devastating of the volcano’s history killing a reported 1,335
lives. This volcanic explosion was heard over 600 miles away
• .Its last eruption occurred in July 2009 and is currently closely
monitored for its abnormal activities which may result to another
eruption of this small but very active volcano.
 ACTIVE VOLCANOES IN THE PHILIPPINES
3. Mount Kanlaon – Negros Oriental
• With an elevation of 2.435 meters.
• Erupted at least 28 times already from 1886 up to present.
• It last major eruption happened in 1996. This August 1996 volcanic eruption
trapped 24 hikers on the mountain, when the Kanlaon Volcano erupted
without any warning, killing 3 of these hikers.
• Kanloan Volcano last erupted in 2016. This 2016 eruption produced a
thunderous boom shooting a smoke plume into the air for 1500 meters above
the crater. Fireballs also shot out of the crater causing brush fires in the area.
 ACTIVE VOLCANOES IN THE PHILIPPINES
4. Mount Bulusan – Sorsogon
• With an elevation of 1,565 meters
• Erupted more than 20 times already from 1886 up to 2016.
• Located in the so-called “little Switzerland of the Philippines” – the
province of Sorsogon.
• Lasterupted in December 2016, sending an ash plume over 6,500 feet,
(2,000 meters) into the air.
• It also erupted in June of 2016, and also in 2015, and 2014. Mount Bulusan
is a very active volcano.
 ACTIVE VOLCANOES IN THE PHILIPPINES
5. Mount Makaturing – Lanao del Sur
• One of the ‘top ten highest mountains in the Philippines’,
• It has an elevation of 1,940 meters
• Erupted 10 times since 1882.
• The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
states this volcano last erupted in 1882.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE A VOLCANIC ERUPTION
1. Know your area’s risk from volcanic eruption.
2. Ask local emergency management for evacuation and shelter
plans, and for potential means of protection from ash.
3. Get necessary supplies in advance, including non-perishable
foods, cleaning supplies, and water for several days, in case you
have to evacuate immediately, or if services are cut off. Keep in
mind each person’s specific needs, including medication. Do not
forget the needs of pets.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE A VOLCANIC ERUPTION
4. Consult your doctor if you have existing respiratory difficulties.
5. Practice a communication and evacuation plan with everyone in
your family.
6. If you are advised to evacuate, find several ways to leave the
area.
7. Have a evacuation plan if your biggest risk is from ash.
8. Keep important documents in a safe place.
9. Have faith in God.
WHAT TO DO DURING A VOLCANIC ERUPTION
1. Listen for emergency information and alerts.
2. Follow evacuation orders from local authorities. If
advised to evacuate or you feel you need to evacuate, then
do so early.
3. Avoid areas downwind, and river valleys downstream, of
the volcano. Rubble and ash will be carried by wind and
gravity.
4. Protect yourself from falling ash.
WHAT TO DO DURING A VOLCANIC ERUPTION
5. Do not drive in heavy ash fall.
6. Cloth masks help prevent the spread of COVID-19,
but they will not adequately protect you from inhaling
ash for longer periods of time like a respirator will.
Respirators, like an N-95, are not meant to fit
children. Due to COVID-19, it may be difficult to find
respirators, such as N-95s.
WHAT TO DO DURING A VOLCANIC ERUPTION
7. Reduce your ash exposure by doing the following:
7.1 Limit your time outdoors and use a dust mask or cloth mask as a last resort.
7.2Avoid areas downwind and river valleys downstream of the volcano.
7.3 Take temporary shelter from volcanic ash where you are.
7.4 Cover ventilation openings and seal doors and windows.
7.5 Avoid driving in heavy ash. If you must drive, keep the windows up and do not use the
air conditioning system.
7.6 Do not get on your roof to remove ash.
7.7 If you have any breathing problems, avoid contact with ash and stay indoors until
authorities say it is safe to go outside.
WHAT TO DO AFTER A VOLCANIC ERUPTION
1. Listen to authorities to find out when it is safe to
return after an eruption.
2. Send text messages or use social media to reach out
to family and friends. Phone systems are often busy after
a disaster. Only make emergency calls.
3. Avoid driving in heavy ash. Driving will stir up
volcanic ash that can clog engines and stall vehicles.
WHAT TO DO AFTER A VOLCANIC ERUPTION
4. If you have any breathing problems, avoid contact
with ash. Stay indoors until authorities say it is safe to go
outside.
5. Do not get on your roof to remove ash unless you
have guidance or training. If you have to remove ash,
then be very careful as ash makes surfaces slippery. Be
careful not to contribute additional weight to an
overloaded roof.
6. TORNADO
National Geography says that A
tornado is a violently rotating column of
air that extends from a thunderstorm to
the ground. It's often portended by a
dark, greenish sky. Black storm clouds
gather. Baseball-size hail may fall. A
funnel suddenly appears, as though
descending from a cloud. The funnel
hits the ground and roars forward with
a sound like that of a freight train
approaching. The tornado tears up
everything in its path.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE A TORNADO
1. Know your area’s tornado risk.
2. Know the signs of a tornado, including a rotating, funnel-
shaped cloud, an approaching cloud of debris, or a loud roar
like a freight train.
3. Sign up for your community’s warning system. If your
community has sirens, then become familiar with the
warning tone.
4. Pay attention to weather reports.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE A TORNADO
5. Identify and practice going to a safe shelter
6. Consider Overlapping Hazards such as
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
7. Plan for your pet. They are an important
member of your family, so they need to be
included in your family’s emergency plan
WHAT TO DO BEFORE A TORNADO
8. Prepare for long-term stay at home or
sheltering in place by gathering emergency
supplies, cleaning supplies, non-perishable foods,
water, medical supplies and medication.
9. Before, during and after any disaster, please
don’t forget to have faith in God,
WHAT TO DO DURING A TORNADO
1. Pay attention to Weather Radio, or local alerting
systems for current emergency information and
instructions.
2. Go to a safe shelter immediately, such as a safe room,
basement, storm cellar or a small interior room on the
lowest level of a sturdy building.
3. Protect yourself by covering your head or neck with
your arms and putting materials such as furniture and
blankets around or on top of you.
WHAT TO DO DURING A TORNADO
4. Stay away from windows, doors, and outside walls. Watch out
for flying debris that can cause injury or death
5. Do not try to outrun a tornado in a vehicle if you are in a car. If
you are in a car or outdoors and cannot get to a building, cover
your head and neck with your arms and cover your body with a
coat or blanket, if possible.
6. Do not go under an overpass or bridge. You’re safer in a low,
flat location.
7. If you can’t stay at home, make plans to go to a safe
evacuation center.
WHAT TO DO AFTER A TORNADO
1. Save your phone calls for emergencies and
use text messaging or social media to
communicate with family and friends.
2. Pay attention to Weather Radio, and local
authorities for updated information.
3. Stay clear of fallen power lines or broken
utility lines.
WHAT TO DO AFTER A TORNADO
4. Contact your healthcare provider if you are
sick and need medical attention. Wait for further
care instructions and continue to shelter in place.
5. Wear appropriate gear during clean-up such as
thick-soled shoes, long pants, and work gloves,
use appropriate face coverings or masks if
cleaning mold or other debris
7. EPIDEMIC
The World Health Organization (WHO)
defines pandemics, epidemics, and
endemic diseases based on a disease's
rate of spread. Thus, the difference
between an epidemic and a pandemic
isn't in the severity of the disease, but the
degree to which it has spread. A
pandemic cuts across international
boundaries, as opposed to regional
epidemics.
MOST COMMON KINDS
OF EPIDEMIC

1. Influenza or Flu
2. Dengue Fever
3. Malaria
4. Cholera
WHAT TO DO BEFORE A EPIDEMIC / PANDEMIC
1. Learn how diseases spread to help protect
yourself and others. Viruses can be spread from
person to person, from a non-living object to a
person and by people who are infected but don’t
have any symptoms.
2. Prepare for the possibility of schools,
workplaces and community centers being closed.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE A EPIDEMIC / PANDEMIC
3. Gather supplies in case you need to stay home for
several days or weeks. Supplies may include cleaning
supplies, non-perishable foods, prescriptions and
bottled water. Buy supplies slowly to ensure that
everyone has the opportunity to buy what they need.
4. Create an emergency plan so that you and your
family know what to do and what you will need in case
an outbreak happens. Consider how a pandemic may
affect your plans for other emergencies.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE A EPIDEMIC / PANDEMIC
5. Review your health insurance policies to understand
what they cover.
6. Create password-protected digital copies of important
documents and store in a safe place. Watch out for
scams and fraud.
7. Before, during and after any disaster, please don’t
forget to have faith in God,
WHAT TO DO DURING EPIDEMIC / PANDEMIC
1. Get vaccinated once available. Vaccines stimulate your
immune system to produce antibodies, so vaccines prevent
diseases.
2. Take actions to prevent the spread of disease. Cover
coughs and sneezes. Wear a mask in public. Stay home
when sick (except to get medical care). Disinfect surfaces.
Wash hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. If
soap and water are not available, use a hand sanitizer that
contains at least 60 percent alcohol. Stay six feet away from
people who are not part of your household.
WHAT TO DO DURING EPIDEMIC / PANDEMIC
3. If you believe you’ve been exposed to the disease, contact
your doctor, follow the quarantine instructions from medical
providers and monitor your symptoms.
4. Share accurate information about the disease with friends,
family and people on social media.
5. Know that it’s normal to feel anxious or stressed. Take care
of your body and talk to someone if you are feeling upset.
6. Stay at home as much as possible to prevent the spread of
disease.
WHAT TO DO AFTER A EPIDEMIC / PANDEMIC
1. Continue taking protective actions, like:
o Staying home when you are sick (except to get medical care).
o Following the guidance of your health care provider.
o Covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue.
o Washing your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
2. Be sure to evaluate your family emergency plan and make timely
updates.
3. Work with your community to talk about the lessons you learned from
the pandemic. Decide how you can use these experiences to be more
prepared for future pandemics.
8. FIRE
• According to ODPEM, a fire is a state of
combustion, whereby heat and light are
produced. In other words, a fire is the
destructive burning of material that produces
light, flame, heat and smoke.
• The menace of fire as a potential disaster is
with us every day. Most of the deaths that
have resulted from fires could have been
avoided. Fires have become increasingly life
threatening hazards, because within a few
minutes it can kill and destroy.
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